... students should prepare well
for class. Preparing forclass helps develop self-discipline. Self-discipline
is valuable. It promotes focus and organization. Preparing forclass teaches
responsibility. ... (S3)
her personality (S4 and S5)
the friends she has made and the help they are giving her (S6 and S7)
Note that S3 begins with the prepositional phrase At first, and S6 with the adverb
Already.
VARYING ... the reader understand your
topic.
Important: Begin at least one sentence with an adverb and one with a preposi-
tional phrase.
A sample composition follows.
Model Composition
“A Classmate”
1
Marie...
... House, President Andrew Johnson de-
pended on his daughter. She bought two Jersey cows to provide fresh milk and
butter for the White House table.
1 46 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
1 16 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
Lesson ... strong forehand, and he or she
must have a dependable backhand.
2. The forty-first president of the United States, George H. Bush, is the father of the
forty-third president, George W. Bush, and ... with potato chips, and an
apple for lunch.
b. For lunch, I ordered a cheese sandwich, a bag of potato chips, and an apple.
5. a. Liv had accepted Joel’s invitation to the dance, and she changed...
... neighbor.
Plural Nouns
Nouns have a singular form and a plural form.
The singular is the form that means only one:
boy, girl, soda, hamburger, etc.
The plural is the form that means more than one:
boys, ... =
Contractions are entirely natural and correct in informal English (friendly notes,
everyday conversation). However, they are not ordinarily used in formal English (business
letters, letters ... library at: www.waystoenglish.com
You would probably say:
It doesn’t matter.
In informal conversation, we tend to use contractions. For example, we combine does
with not, forming the contraction...
... MODIFIED
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
90 PARTS OF SPEECH
Lesson
13
Review of
Adjectives
and Adverbs
REVIEW OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 89
Read the ... dad left for his daily trip to the office.
5. What is the minimum hourly wage?
6. The patient’s temperature was checked hourly.
II. Some words that do not end in ly for example, long and fast—can ... violent South Sea storm in 169 9, and very
nearly lost his life, but managed somehow to swim ashore. The land he
had come to was not inhabited—at least it seemed so.
For nine hours Gulliver slept...
... audience.
S.
D.O.
2. Have some yogurt and fruit. V.
S.
D.O.
3. Are the snow and ice melting? V.
S.
D.O.
4. The World Wide Web and television V.
provide information and entertainment.
S.
D.O.
5. Jonathan ... troublesome?
Answer:
Most of these pronouns change in form, depending on the way they are
used in a sentence. On the other hand, the nouns that these pronouns
stand for do not change.
For example, take the noun George. ... Combinations
Pronouns and nouns may be combined to form compound subjects, compound indirect
objects, and compound direct objects.
Corey and I attended. (
COMPOUND SUBJECT
)
compound S.
Peter showed Corey and...
... consonants.
Now follow Rule 5 or 6.
Rule 5. If the letter before y is a vowel, add s to form the plural.
SINGULAR PLURAL
way + s
=ways
key + s =keys
toy + s
=toys
Rule 6. If the letter before y is a consonant, ... is predicted.
Did Terry and Mallika agree with you?
1. Vermont and New Hampshire are next to
each other.
Terry and Mallika
Rain or snow
Here are the singular and plural forms of a few more nouns.
SINGULAR ... neighbor.
Plural Nouns
Nouns have a singular form and a plural form.
The singular is the form that means only one:
boy, girl, soda, hamburger, etc.
The plural is the form that means more than one:
boys,...
... connects the
and .
1. We were warm and comfortable.
The conjunction connects the
and .
2. The meal was delicious but cheap.
The conjunction connects the
and .
3. Jim called at noon and in the ... win and lose.)
4. A conjunction connects pronouns, or a noun and a pronoun:
You and she are always on time.
PRON. CONJ. PRON.
(The conjunction and connects the pronouns You and she.)
Alex and ... try again.
performancefor
PREPOSITIONS 99
Composition Hint
Sometimes we can express an idea through either an adverb or a prepositional
phrase.
Handle the glassware carefully.
ADV.
Handle the glassware...
... COMMON USAGE ERRORS
Lesson
26
Problems with
Capitalization
15. I hope my cold dis_____p_____ears before the class
trip. ___________________
16. I’ve been stud_____ng for the test since march. ... for three months now.
6. The cast and crew are plan_____ng a post-performance party.
7. Martina was a good piano player, but Patrice excel_____d on the violin.
8. The next meet_____g of the class ... rings: return of the king
3. englishand history 8. grandma and aunt louise
4. the planet saturn 9. in the southwest near phoenix
5. fourth of july holiday 10. fire island national seashore
218...
... both.
Plurals of Nouns
Rules for forming plural nouns were given in Lessons 4 (pages 28–34) and 10 (page
63 ) in Part One. You may wish to review these before trying your hand at Exercises 1
through ... the cafeteria and sat down next to Page.
1 76 COMMON USAGE ERRORS
8. Alex walked confidently to the front of the room and speaks to the class.
9. My sister handed the clarinet to me and then cringes ... extensively discussed adjectives (Lessons 11 and 13) and adverbs
(Lessons 12 and 13)—how they function, how they differ, and how some adverbs are
formed from adjectives. In this lesson, we touch...
... pronouns are paired. Your choice in a sentence would be between I and
me, for example. I is the form used for the subject and me for the object.
I watched the Bears game Monday night.
(I is the ... National Park P.O. Box 168 WY 82190-0 168
5. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died on July 4 18 26 exactly fifty years after sign-
ing the Declaration of Independence
6. On May 5 1 961 Alan B Shepard Jr ... Mollie and me (not I). Mollie and me form a
compound indirect OBJECT.
Go with Maura and him (not he) to the flea market.
Say:
Go with Maura.
Go with him.
Go with Maura and him (not he). Maura and...
... gems.
7. When a duck and her five ducklings waddled across the street.
8. Four runners standing in the starting line.
168 COMMON USAGE ERRORS
6. An electric guitar in one corner and an amplifier ... beautiful sound, too.
164 COMMON USAGE ERRORS
We have focused on sentences in this lesson—types of sentences and how to form
them, as well as those troubling sentence fragments and run-on sentences. ... are delayed, students are usually late
for school.
10. Disneyland and Hollywood are popular places to
visit in California.
EXERCISE 6.
Combine each pair of sentences to make one complex sentence....