... superior in both height and diameter growth to both P. merkusii and P. massoniana in northern Vietnam, and superior in height growth to P. merkusii in central Vietnam. PCC was inferior ingrowth ... sites in Central Vietnam; the Central Highlands of Vietnam; and low elevation regions of southern Vietnam in the vicinity of Ho Chi Minh City) on site-types believed to be suitable for pine plantations ... of P. caribaea in Vietnam, therefore differences in stem taper and bark thickness will alter rankings of species and taxa. In the absence of a reliable volume equation for P. caribaea in Vietnam, ...
... analysesalso find significant increases in state output, income, and jobs from direct spending on early education and care, and from indirect effects of that spending,because these businesses and their ... rivals traditional economic development in creating new jobs and increasing stateearnings, and also boosts long-term economicgrowth the primary barometer of U.S. economic health. Economic DevelopmentBecause ... with growthin education boosting productivity growth by an estimated 11 to 20 percent in recentyears.*33Increases in productivity are essential to economic growthand improved standards of...
... economy and environment in each individual case. In fact, there is growing interest in longitudinal analysis, as in the aforementioned study of CO2 emissions in several countries (Unruh and Moomaw, ... 6 Sources of primary energy in Spain, 1973-1996. (Data from IEA, several years). To catch the combined influence of the variation of per capita income andof the main changes in energy structure ... only diminishes significantly at the beginning of the eighties and then is more or less stable later on (Figure 5). In other words, economicgrowth only transitorily involves an increase of emissions...
... computing Gini index of inequality as well as growth model, the findings pointed that generally the income inequality inVietnam during the 1998-2008 period (irrespective of the source of income) ... acceptance of the market as a means for achieving economic growth, improving people’s living standard and, thereby, maintaining and strengthening the party’s political andeconomic control. 3. Economic ... capita income and dependent rate. These findings are conformity with the literature ofeconomic development which stated that in the beginning ofeconomic development, the rate ofeconomic growth...
... Department of Economics; Ash, Department of Economics and Center for Public Policy and Administration; and Pollin, Department of Economics and Political Economy Research Institute. We thankArindrajit ... percent of GDP consistently reduce GDP growth. 1 Introduction In Growthin Time of Debt,” Reinhart and Rogoff (hereafter RR 2010a and 2010b) proposea set of “stylized facts” concerning the relationship ... (Reinhart and Rogoff, January 28, 2010). The key tables and figures have been reprinted in additional Reinhart and Rogoff publications and presentations of Centre for Economic PolicyResearch and...
... promising alternative semiconductor to TiO2.Thisisbecause that the band gap and the energetic position of thevalence band maximum and conduction band minimum of ZnO are very close to that of ... significantly increase dyeloading and light harvesting [8, 9], and to modify thesurface of ZnO nanostructure films that can suppress carrierrecombination [10]. However, by introducing a blockinglayer ... opencircuit voltage of the DSSCs through suppressing carrierrecombination, however, and cause the decrease of dyeloading absorbed on ZnO nanowires. In order to furtherinvestigate the effect of TiO2buffer...
... level of the balanceofpaymentsin country i; Yi= the level of output in country i; gi,gR = growth rates of income in country i and the rest -of- world R; Mi, MR = the ratio of the ... within the individual countries. In five of the 16 devaluations, the residuals of the balanceofpayments equation in the year of devaluation are positive and at least one standard error in ... of the shortcomings of the Cooper paper. Using 16 of the devaluations in the Cooper sample, they try to relate improvements in the balanceof payments (defined as net change in reserves) and...
... GNP. C) earnings of Spanish factory counts in Spain's GNP but are part of Britain's GDP. D) earnings of Spanish factory counts in Spain's GDP but are part of Britain's GNP. ... value of all final goods produced by its factors of production and sold on the market in a given time period. D) the value of all final goods and services produced by its factors of production and ... 12 National Income Accounting and the Balanceof Payments 12.1 The National Income Accounts1) A country's gross national product (GNP) is A) the value of all final goods and services...
... number of crop (selected) trees in the first thinning and thinning intensities, taking account of economical factors [46, 51]. In Slovenia, selective thinning is the main type of thin-ning [34]. ... type of thinning, intensity (grade), re-turn interval, and the timing of the first thinning [48]. Twomajor types of thinning used in forest tending are low (frombelow) and high (from above) thinning. ... again during the lastthinning. In the T2, 258 crop trees were chosen in the first thinning, and only 62% of these trees were chosen again during the last thinning. Only crownsuppression and...
... Marchner H., Growthand mineral nutrition of non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlingsgrown in semi-hydroponic sand culture. I. Growthand mineralnutrient uptake in plants ... respectively. In p/pb, spores inocula of M. ambiguus and P. tinctorius werenot effective and no mycorrhizal seedlings were obtained.Among seedlings growing in p/v substrate, the percentages of ectomycorrhizal ... factors inoculation (A) and type of substrate (B), and interaction between them (AB) for different growth parameters of Pinus pinea seedlings. Significant values (P < 0.05) are marked in bold.Growth...