... involves its interaction with receptors consisting of a heterodimer of high-affinity IL-4Rα and either the common γ chain or the IL-13 receptor α chain Binding of IL-4 results inthe tyrosine phosphorylation ... phosphorylation of signal transduction molecules including motifs similar to those involved in insulin signaling, the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription ... high-affinity α chain (IL-4Rα) and a second chain that can be either the common γ chain or the α chain ofthe IL-13 receptor (IL-13Rα) [23] The common γ chain is found in multiple cytokine receptors...
... material and virion proteins, which include gag proteins that comprise the matrix and nucleocapsid, the latter containing significant quantities of Vpr 2) Vpr promotes the binding ofthe PIC (including ... Later, Kamata and others found that Vpr aH1 and aH3 both bind importin-a, that the IBB domain of importin-a primarily determines this interaction, and that the C-terminal domain of importin-a, 393-462, ... from the cell, promoting further infection andpathogenesis non-dividing cells, as discussed in more detail later in this review The role of Vpr inthe nuclear import ofthe PIC is illustrated in...
... thousands of direct and indirect physical and functional interactions from peer-reviewed publications The relationships inthe network include protein-protein interactions, protein binding to DNA ... kinase (IKK)α/β/γ and casein kinase complexes modulating NFκB1, RELA and cREL, and alternative pathways involving NF-κB inducing kinase and IKKα modulating NFκB2 and RELB [1,2,11,24-26] Furthermore, ... al R53.15 Binding activityprevious page) of RELA and NFκB1 Figure (see and motif logo Binding activity and motif logo of RELA and NFκB1 (a) The basal and inducible binding activity of RELA or...
... radiotherapy in advanced headandneckcancer initially published by Staar et al [19] After accelerated and hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent 5-FU and carboplatinum chemotherapy the ... radiochemotherapy with 5-FU and cisplatin during weeks and [22] The tumor was located inthe oropharynx in 52% The 5-year OS rate was 65% This superiority ofthe results by Adelstein et al may ... T-stage andthe localization ofthe tumor at hypopharynx or supraglottis to be variables increasing the incidence of DM on multivariate analysis [26] Inthe multivariate analysis of Lim et al the...
... diagnosis and management ofheadandneckcancer 2.2.3combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption The combination of smoking and alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing cancer ... diagnosis and management ofheadandneckcancer Overview of treatment ofthe primary tumour andneck This section addresses the first line treatment ofheadandneckcancer Management of recurrent ... including dental and medical practitioners, should be aware ofthe presenting features ofheadandneck cancer, andthe local referral pathways for suspected cancers screening for headand neck...
... carcinogens The anterior aspect ofthe oral cavity is the contact point ofthe skin with the vermilion ofthe lips extending posteriorly to the junction ofthe hard and soft palates, and with the ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The American HeadandNeck Society Committee acknowledges the input from theHeadandNeck Surgery and Oncology Committee andtheHeadandNeck Surgery Education Committee ofthe American ... vestibule andthe vermillion borders ofthe lips and continues to the junction ofthe cricoid cartilage andthe cervical trachea and at the level ofthe cricoid where the hypopharynx meets the cervical...
... ALL HEADANDNECK CANCERS REDUCING RISK The risk of having headandneckcancer can be reduced by: B B not smoking or chewing tobacco C increasing the intake of fruit and vegetables ... tongue floor of mouth mucosal surface ofthe lip DIAGRAM OFTHEHEADANDNECK Oral cavity Oropharynx Larynx Hypopharynx ALL HEADANDNECK CANCERS DIAGRAM OFTHE LYMPH NODES LEVELS INTHENECK I II ... FDG-PET increase the accuracy of nodal staging D All patients with headandneckcancer should undergo CT ofthe thorax C FDG-PET should be performed as the next investigation of choice in patients...
... reirradiation alone or with chemotherapy The likelihood of cure is impacted by the interval between the initial course of radiotherapy and reirradiation depending on, whether the carcinoma is a recurrence ... tumor involving the Rosenmueller fossa that invades deeply into the foramen lacerum, which is the location where the cervical portion ofthe internal carotid artery curves upward and enters the ... as 100% in selected patients [19,39] We could not find any randomized prospective trial to determine the best radiotherapy schedule and modality The interpretation ofthe small number of prospective...
... implants, andthe remaining single plan implants The interval between the end of I-HDR andthe start ofthe second course of EBRT ranged from to 37 days (median days) No patient had concurrent I-HDR and ... were selected andthe clinical stage defined based on preoperative clinical and radiological examinations, using the TNM classification ofthe AJCC [7] Clinical characteristics of patients at ... option, especially because ofthe high number of centers that possesses the HDR after loading facilities, due the high incidence of cervix cancer, andthe lack of IMRT or 3D-RT In conclusion, our results...
... conditions by facilitating cell proliferation and blocking apoptosis inthepathogenesisof RA Results GM-CSF induces the proliferation of MH7A cells andthe expression of MLN51 Our recent study ... GM-CSF is involved inthe proliferation of primary RA FLSs [7] Inthe present study, we investigated cell proliferation and MLN51 expression using an RA FLS cell line, MH7A, inthe presence of GM-CSF ... upregulated inthe FLSs of RA patients, and is enhanced days after GM-CSF treatment [7] Inthe present experiments, we assessed the dose and time kinetics ofthe effects of GM-CSF on MLN51 expression in...
... research and clinical purpose in order to determine the global functional outcome of speech and voice after the treatment ofheadandneckcancer It allows quantifying the intelligibility also in severely ... computed for each ofthe raters using the respective other raters as reference, that is, the mean ofthe four other raters for the LE group andthe three other raters for the OC group For the comparison ... oral cancer group on the five-point scale and 2.5 ± 1.0 for the group of laryngectomees The effect ofthe language model is investigated in Table using the OC data With growing n-gram context, the...
... JK, JP, and LN and KN aiding in obtaining biopsy and blood samples NR and LH were involved in enrolling and consenting patients JH drafted the manuscript All authors read and approved the final ... epithelial and mesenchymal tissue [20] bFGF increases the half-life of cells and could possibly increase the overall lifetime ofthe eosinophil inthe esophagus [17] Our data showing that the ... increase in FGF and ERK pathways was closely associated with the severity ofthe disease and endoscopic findings inthe EoE patients; further patients will help determine if FGF and other immune indicators...
... for the role ofthe alternative pathway [20] The complement receptor CR1 binds the C3b, iC3b and C4b fragments, CR2 binds the C3d and iC3b fragments, and CR3 binds the iC3b fragments These interactions ... anaphylatoxin, acting through the C5aR, is a major regulator ofthe transcription of activating and inhibitory FcγRs in IC-induced lung disease C5a increased the expression of activating FcγRIII and decreased ... at the same time and, for B cells, on the very same cell Both FcRs and complement receptors are involved inthe binding of ICs and phagocytosis; they deliver signals leading to the activation and...
... and monocytes, thereby increasing the inflammatory response and exacerbating degeneration Some ofthe proposed interactions and mechanisms are outlined in Fig The DASH family members, predominantly ... extravasate into the extracellular space Once inthe vicinity ofthe synovium, the DPPIV activity would be able to initiate amino-terminal degradation ofthe increased levels of proinflammatory ... attractin or CD26 reveals that attractin cleaves only the amino-terminal dipeptide while CD26 may then release a further dipeptide from the amino terminus consisting of amino acids Tyr3 and Ser4, and...
... staining for COMP (arrows) is seen adjacent to the developing joint space The arrowhead indicates the area from which the high-magnification micrograph was taken (inset) The arrowhead inthe inset ... inset indicates COMP staining (f) At gw 12, COMP staining is found inthe outer regions ofthe diaphysis and is mainly pericellular (inset) Bars = 70 µm in (f), as for (a)-(e), and 40 µm in inset ... reducing and denaturing conditions Protein separation was performed applying SDS-PAGE and using systems containing 6% acrylamide in stacking gels and 12% inthe separation gel Tris-glycine was...
... next investigated whether SFs have an effect on the growth rate of RA FLSs, what kinds of factors inthe SFs are involved inthe proliferation of RA FLSs, and whether the factors have a role inthe ... that the combinations of various proinflammatory cytokines or other factors together with GM-CSF inthe SF may be involved in RA pathogenesisin vivo To address the effects of GM-CSF in SF on the ... kinds of different cytokines and growth factors inthe RA joint microenvironments To identify factors having an effect on the growth of RA FLSs, we investigated the inflammatory cytokines and growth...
... μg/ml) and neomycin (50 μg/ml); and U930 was grown inthe presence of tetracycline (5 μg/ml), 50 μg/ml kanamycin, and 50 μg/ml neomycin/ml for selection ofthe respective mutants Strains grown inthe ... and osteomyelitis in murine models of these diseases We therefore tested the ability of cell lysates and culture supernatants obtained from these mutants and their isogenic parent strain to induce ... complication of RA The risk is highest in severe, longstanding, seropositive disease The clinical presentation of joint infection is frequently atypical, andin 25% of cases, the infection is...
... cystic carcinomas oftheheadandneck are a unique kind of tumour deriving from cells ofthe major and minor salivary glands, they account for 25% of all malignant salivary gland tumours in different ... safe and feasible modality inthe treatment of complex-shaped ACCs intheheadandneck By using IMRT, high doses inthe GTV and PTV can be achieved together with an excellent normal tissue sparing, ... Morrison WH, Ang KK, Peters LJ: The influence of positive margins and nerve invasion in adenoid cystic carcinoma oftheheadandneck treated with surgery and radiation Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys...
... in substrate specificities, andthe MMPs appear to be involved in degradation of abundant ECM components, including laminins, collagens and fibronectin, but also inthe release and turnover of ... this review The gelatinases cleave a number of substrates, including native forms of collagens I, IV, V, VII, X and XI, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, myelin andthe core protein of proteoglycans ... diseases ofthe glomerulus, the results of studies ofthe involvement of MMP activity in other renal pathologies should provide valuable guidance in elucidating the role of these enzymes in lupus...