... membrane The latter is a function ofthe porosity and thickness ofthe membrane, the size ofthe solute molecule, andthe conditions of flow on the two sides ofthe membrane According to laws of diffusion, ... Chertow DisordersoftheKidneyandUrinaryTract Dialysis may be required for the treatment of either acute or chronic kidney disease The use of continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) and ... Adaptation oftheKidney to Injury 333e Adaptation oftheKidney to Injury 333e-2 PART 13 DisordersoftheKidneyandUrinaryTract Implications of Low Nephron Number at Birth David Barker was the...
... Evaluation and Treatment Doctors usually assess the presence and degree of swelling by pressing on the person's shins If the skin retains the impression ofthe doctor's finger, extra fluid is present The ... person's symptoms andthe doctor's physical examination suggest whether the kidneys, liver, or heart is the cause, but doctors also obtain a urinalysis and blood tests of liver andkidney function ... are most severe at the opening ofthe urethra, urethritis may be the cause In men with a penile discharge, urethritis is often the cause If burning affects mainly the vagina andthe woman has a...
... to the cervical and vaginal mucosa When these are removed, slight oozing occurs There may be both erythema and edema ofthe vulva and vagina The discharge with Candida infection has a pH of 4–5 ... acne, and symptoms are soreness and local swelling, edema, CHAPTER 20 DISORDERSOFTHE VULVA AND VAGINA 581 cellulitis, and suppuration ofthe groin Involvement of apocrine glands establishes the ... in origin Nonetheless, cancer ofthe vulva may arise also from the urethra, glandular elements ofthe vulva, or mucosa ofthe lower third ofthe vagina Vulvar cancers are intraepithelial or invasive...
... ratio of 2:1 The most common sites of occurrence are the pancreas and lung, but it can also occur in other tissues and organs including the common bile duct, salivary glands, kidney, prostate and ... NH reviewed the report KN drafted the report and cared for the patient All authors read and approved the final version ofthe manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have no ... copy ofthe written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal Authors’ contributions GN drafted the report TY, YK, RK, KZ, MT, SA and TT cared for the patient YY and...
... Summary of Acquired Cystic Disease oftheKidneyand Renal Cell Carcinoma Diseased kidneys shrink for years after the initiation of dialysis, but enlarge thereafter due to the development of acquired ... Cystic Disease oftheKidneyand Renal Cell Carcinoma Complications of Long-Term Dialysis Isao Ishikawa Acquired Cystic Disease oftheKidneyand Renal Cell Carcinoma Complications of Long-Term ... number of small cysts can be seen Above Acquired cystic disease ofthekidney Below A mass and a hematoma are suspected in the right kidney Fig Resected kidneyThe world’s first clinical case of acquired...
... Disease oftheKidney Complications of Acquired Cystic Disease oftheKidney While the incidence of ACDK is high, there is no clinical problem unless there are any ofthe first four ofthe following ... microscopy ofthe cyst wall The cyst epithelium has a brush border and shows the characteristics ofthe proximal tubules Figure 11 shows a cross section of a kidney with ACDK Most ofthe renal ... Duration of dialysis andthe prevalence of acquired cystic disease ofthekidney Fig 10 Relationship between autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and acquired cystic disease ofthe kidney...
... kidney (above) with the decline in the function ofthe graft kidney Since the period of chronic renal failure was short (below), fewer cysts developed in the graft kidney than in the native kidney ... (SELDI-TOFMS) and ProteinChips These findings are being analyzed (Fig 30) Table Hypotheses ofthe pathogenic mechanisms of acquired cystic disease ofthekidney Epithelial hyperplasia theory due ... follow-up of acquired cystic disease ofthekidneyThe graphs show the frequencies ofthe grades of cysts during the follow-up Severe grade-4 cystic changes were observed in many ofthe male patients...
... between and 15 years after the initiation of dialysis The incidence of renal cell carcinoma increased with the duration of dialysis (Fig 44) According to the results ofthe survey in 2004, the duration ... Disease oftheKidneyand Renal Cell Carcinoma expected to have renal cell carcinoma According to the data of Hughson et al [75], atypical cysts were found in 30%, and adenoma in 14%, ofthe kidneys ... caused by the level of interest ofthe attending physicians in renal cell carcinoma of dialysis patients, and whether or not they performed screening, rather than by regional differences in the incidence...
... (hypermethylation of its CpG island) may be acting as a tumor suppressor gene [123] In the epithelium of atypical cysts, the HGF and c-met of its receptors were intensely stained, andthe staining of Bcl-2 ... diseased kidneys with increases in the number of mitoses of tubular cells, which increase the possibility of DNA mutation and cause disordersofthe immunosurveillance system Chapter Atlas of Renal ... 57 10.3 Hypotheses ofthe Pathogenic Mechanisms of Renal Cysts and Renal Cell Carcinoma I have developed the following hypotheses concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of renal cysts and renal cell...
... Note the yellow color ofthe surface ofthe resected kidney After renal transplantation, few cysts in the right kidney persisted, but those in the left kidney mostly disappeared except in the ... a short history of dialysis (Figs 85 and 86) The renal parenchyma appeared to be thickened in the area ofthe left kidney, as indicated by the arrow However, it was rare that the renal parenchyma ... Cystic Disease oftheKidneyand Renal Cell Carcinoma Case 11 A 28-year-old man with chronic glomerulonephritis and with a history of dialysis of years and months This was an early case of clear cell...
... in the hilum ofthe kidney, and part of it protruded into the renal pelvis (blue arrow) Although not diagnosed by imaging techniques, there was another renal cell carcinoma of mm in diameter, and ... carcinoma and 86 Acquired Cystic Disease oftheKidneyand Renal Cell Carcinoma Fig 121 Case 25 A 64-year-old woman with ADPKD and with a history of dialysis of 12 years and months This is a case of ... disease ofthekidney with no mass Case 22 A 55-year-old woman with chronic glomerulonephritis and with a history of dialysis of 11 years and months The patient developed renal cell carcinoma and...
... during the past 24 years, andthe results of our studies on the etiology ofthe disease The history of this research is summarized in Table 17 Figure 141 is a photograph taken at the residence of ... Took of ce as a professor in the Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University, and as a professor at the Medical Research Institute September 1994: Took of ce as the chief professor in the ... permission of Oxford University Press) 96 Acquired Cystic Disease oftheKidneyand Renal Cell Carcinoma Fig 140 Case 34 HE stain, ×100 was observed near the hilum ofthe left kidney, and slight...
... cell carcinoma ofthe native kidney after renal transplantation A case report and review ofthe literature Nephron 58:354–358 53 Ishikawa I (1992) Acquired cysts and neoplasms ofthe kidneys in renal ... Ishikawa I (2005) Kidney volume and development of acquired cystic disease ofthekidney in diabetic nephropathy after the start of hemodialysis (in Japanese with English abstract) J Kanazawa ... end-stage renal disease: analysis of data from the United States, Europe, and Australia and New Zealand J Am Soc Nephrol 14:197–207 88 Ishikawa I (1988) Adenocarcinoma ofthekidney in chronic hemodialysis...
... evaluate the goodness -of- fit ofthe hypothesized measurement model for responses to the subscales ofthe KDCS and SF-36 instruments when analyzed together; and given acceptable goodnessof-fit in ... (b) the intercepts ofthe measured subscales (scalar invariance); (c) the variances and covariance ofthe KDCS and SF-36 factors; (d) the unique error variances ofthe measured subscales; and ... criteria to judge the goodness -of- fit ofthe hypothesized two-factor CFA model As measures of absolute fit, we examined the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) andthe standardized root...
... hear, and to distinguish the ugly andthe beautiful, the bad andthe good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, ofthe fears and frights which assail ... volumes ofthe head and medial surface ofthe hippocampus andthe dorsal and ventral surfaces ofthe amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the ... disordersand diseases ofthe brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel therapies which...
... understanding ofthe anatomy and function ofthe ear andthe auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... coverage ofdisordersofthe auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea andthe function ofthe nervous system and vice versa Hyperactive disorders ... accumulated about the function ofthe cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy ofthe Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists ofthe outer ear, the middle ear andthe inner ear The outer...
... at the entrance ofthe ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place ofthe head The effect ofthe head on the sound at the entrance ofthe ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area ofthe tympanic membrane andthe area ofthe stapes footplate, but the lever ratio ofthe middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas ofthe BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light ofthe FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements ofthe umbo, the head ofthe stapes andthe lenticular process ofthe incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...
... in the ventral parts ofthe MGB ofthe thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division ofthe MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions ofthe MGB receive their ... near the frequency of a formant will show a periodic pattern with the frequency ofthe formant The spectra of these histograms show harmonics ofthe fundamental frequency ofthe vowel andthe ... between the classical andthe non-classical routes andthe lateral nucleus ofthe amygdala (AL), showing the “high route” andthe “low route” Connections between the basolateral (ABL) andthe central...
... The caudal portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface ofthe dorsal cochlear nucleus andthe rostral portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency ofthe N1 ofthe AP and that ofthe response from the intracranial portion ofthe auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency ofthe first peak in the dipole andthe length is the relative strength ofthe dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II ofthe ABR) andthe third...