direct and indirect speech examples ppt
Direct and Indirect speech acts in English
... exchanges: direct speech acts motivated by direct speech acts, indirect speech acts motivated by direct speech acts, direct speech acts motivated by indirect speech acts and finally indirect speech ... rather on indirectness since there are 62 exchanges out of which at least one is indirect, the total number of exchanges being 89. Direct- direct, indirect- indirect and direct- indirect contributions ... of view of indirectness. The play contains four types of exchanges: direct speech acts motivated by direct speech acts, indirect speech acts motivated by direct speech acts, direct speech acts...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Detecting and Correcting Speech Repairs" ppt
... ours. A lot of speech repairs do not look ill-formed, such as " ;and a boxcar of- and a tanker of OJ", and " ;and bring - and then bring that orange juice," and are mainly signaled ... detecting and cor- rection modification and abridged speech repairs. Our work shows that a large percentage of speech repairs can be re- solved prior to parsing. Our algorithm assumes that the speech ... of speech repairs. This paper presents an al- gorithm that detects and corrects speech repairs based on finding the repair pattern. The repair pattern is built by find- ing word matches and...
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Diseases and Disorders: Speech Disorders ppt
... a Speech Disorder? 19Common speech disorders in adults include fluency disor-ders like stuttering, voice disorders, and motor speech disor-ders, such as apraxia and dysarthria. Apraxia and ... dysarthria and other motor speech difficulties to communicate more effectively through the use of computer-assisted devices and voice synthesizers.Apraxia of Speech Apraxia of speech, or verbal ... have a difficult time understanding their speech. 9781420502213_DD.indd 30 4/3/10 11:11 AMdeaf typically has difficulty acquiring speech and usually exhib-its speech disorders related to the...
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Theory and practical application of nominal clauses, adverbial clauses, direct & indirect speech in finance
... adverbial clauses, direct and indirect speech. This report looks into these matters by including two main sections. The first section focuses on literature reviews for the definition and usage of ... clauses, direct and indirect speech. The other section deals with practical applications of these theories in finance- an aspect of business. This section contrasts the use of nominal clauses and ... nominal clauses and adverbial clauses, direct and indirect speech in the financial theme by analyzing five financial articles to help you thoroughly understand the theory. Moreover, the report...
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Direct torque and indirect flux control of brushless DC motor with non sinusoidal back EMF without position sensor
... Principles of the Proposed Method Title Block Indirect torque control method of BLDC motor explained in [9] was extended to a direct torque and indirect flux control technique for six-switch ... amplitude and rotating direction of the stator flux linkage is given in Table I. Fig. 1: Decagon trajectory of stator flux linkage in the stationary αβ–plane. Direct Torque and Indirect ... measured stator voltages αsV and βsV and currents αsi and βsi, then by using (1) and (4) q- and d-axis flux linkage are drived. Also, by usig (4) q- and d-axis current are calculated....
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Direct torque and indirect flux control of brushless DC motor
... time-varying signals(reference and/ or feedback) quite well.APPENDIXISPECIFICATIONS AND PARAMETERS OF THEBLDC MOTORAPPENDIXIIOZTURK AND TOLIYAT: DIRECT TORQUE AND INDIRECT FLUX CONTROL OF ... MethodIn this study, indirect torque control method of BLDC mo-tor explained in [29] is extended to a direct torque and indirect flux control technique, which is suitable for sensorless and flux-weakening ... well.OZTURK AND TOLIYAT: DIRECT TORQUE AND INDIRECT FLUX CONTROL OF BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR 355TAB L E ISWITCHINGTABLE FORDTCOFBLDC MOTORUSINGTHREE-PHASECONDUCTIONindirectly kept...
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Tài liệu 44 Speech Production Models and Their Digital Implementations ppt
... m1 and m2, the (nonlinear) springs s1 and s2, the coupling spring kc, and the nonlinearc1999 by CRC Press LLCFIGURE 44.1: Display of speech signal: (a)waveform, (b) spectrogram, and ... speakers and speaking styles. Examples of speech sounds that are difficult to parametrize in this way are nasal and mixed-excitation sounds(i.e., sounds with an added fr icative component) and “simple” ... NasalCouplingNasalsoundsareproducedbyopeningthevelumandtherebycouplingthenasalcavitytothevocaltract.Innasalconsonants,thevocaltractitselfisclosedatsomepointbetweenthevelumandthelips,andalltheairflowisdivertedintothenostrils.Innasalvowelsthevocaltractremainsopen.(NasalvowelsarecommoninFrenchandseveralotherlanguages.TheyarenotnominallyphonemesofEnglish.However,somenasalizationofvowelscommonlyoccursinEnglishspeech.)Intermsofchainmatrices,thenasalcouplingcanbehandledwithouttoomuchadditionaleffort.Asfarasitsacousticalpropertiesareconcerned,thenasalcavitycanbetreatedexactlylikethevocaltract,withtheaddedsimplificationthatitsshapemayberegardedasfixed.Thecommonassumptionisthatthenostrilsaresymmetric,inwhichcasethecross-sectionalareasofthetwonostrilscanbeaddedandthenosereplacedbyasingle,fixed,variable-areatube.ThedescriptionofthecomputationsiseasiertofollowwiththeaidoftheblockdiagramshowninFig.44.5.FromaknowledgeoftheareafunctionsandlossesforthevocalandnasaltractsthreechainmatricesKgv,Kvt,andKvnarefirstcomputed.Theserepresent,respectively,thematricesfromglottistovelum,velumtotractclosure(orvelumtolips,incaseofanasalvowel),andvelumtonostrils.FromKvnwithsomeassumedimpedanceterminationatthenostrils,theinputimpedanceofthenostrilsatthevelummaybecomputedasindicatedinEq.(44.16b).Similarly,Kvtgivestheinputimpedanceatthevelum,ofthevocaltractlookingtowardthelips.Atthevelum,thesetwoimpedancesarecombinedinparalleltogiveatotalimpedance,sayZv.Withthisastermination,thevelocitytovelocitytransferfunction,Tgv,fromglottistovelumcanbecomputedfromKgvasshownc1999byCRCPressLLCFIGURE44.5:Chainmatricesforsynthesizingnasalsounds.inEq.(44.16b).Foragivenvolumevelocityattheglottis,Ug,thevolumevelocityatthevelumisUv=TgvUg,andthepressureatthevelumisPv=ZvUv.OncePvandUvareknown,thevolumevelocityand/orpressureatthenostrilsandlipscanbecomputedbyinvertingthematricesKvn and Kvt.44.4 SourcesofExcitationAsmentionedearlier,speechsoundsmaybeclassifiedbytypeofexcitation:periodic,turbulent,ortransient.Allofthesetypesofexcitationarecreatedbyconvertingthepotentialenergystoredinthelungsduetoexcesspressureintosoundenergyintheaudiblefrequencyrangeof20Hzto20kHz.Thelungsofayoungadultmalemayhaveamaximumusablevolume(“vitalcapacity”)ofabout5l.Whilereadingaloudthepressureinthelungsistypicallyintherangeof6to15cmofwater(6000to15000Pa).Vocalcordvibrationscanbesustainedwithapressureaslowas.2cmofwater.Attheotherextreme,apressureashighas195cmofwaterhasbeenrecordedforatrumpetplayer.Typicalaverageairflowfornormalspeechisabout0.1l/s.Itmaypeakashighas5l/sduringrapidinhalesinsinging.Periodicexcitationoriginatesmainlyatthevibratingvocalfolds,turbulentexcitationoriginatesprimarilydownstreamofthenarrowestconstrictioninthevocaltract,andtransientexcitationsoccurwheneveracompleteclosureofthevocalpathwayissuddenlyreleased.Inthefollowing,wewillexplorethesethreetypesofexcitationinsomedetail.Theinterestedreaderisreferredto[18]formoreinformation.44.4.1...
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Tài liệu Uniform Audit and Accounting Guide: For Audits of Transportation Consultants’ Indirect Cost Rates pptx
... to Direct Labor Hours allocation base, except that the base includes all hours incurred for direct and indirect activities. Use of this base assumes that costs incurred benefit both direct and ... nature and purpose may be allowable as either indirect or direct. Travel costs incurred in the normal course of overall administration of the business are allowable and shall be treated as indirect ... incorporate the AICPA reporting standards for each type and then require additional GAGAS standards. There are a total of 10 standards for Financial Audits and 9 standards for Attestation Engagements....
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