...
in
the
theory
concerning
the
design
of
control
systems
with
multiple
saturations.
A
systematic
methodology
is
introduced
to
design
control
systems
with
multiple
saturations ... Saturations
can
also affect
the
performance
of
the
control system
by
introducing
reset windups
and
by
changing
the
direction
of
the
control
signal.
Large overshoots
and
oscillatory ...
Robustness
Theory
of
Multivariable Systems, LIDS-R-954,
M.I.T.,
Cambridge,
MA,
April
25-27,
1979.
[4]
A.
Weinreb and
A.E.
Bryson," Optimal
Control
of
Systems with
Hard
Control Bounds"...
... Linearization of LPNI Systems 20
3 Analysis of Reference Tracking in LPNI Systems 66
4 Analysis of Disturbance Rejection in LPNI Systems 114
5 Designof Reference Tracking Controllers for LPNI Systems ... arguments lead to a class ofsystems that we refer to
as Linear Plant/Nonlinear Instrumentation (LPNI).
The controllers in feedbacksystems are often designed to be linear. The main
design techniques ... Linearization of LPNI Systems 20
2.1 Stochastic Linearization of Open Loop Systems 20
2.1.1 Stochastic Linearization of Isolated Nonlinearities 20
2.1.2 Stochastic Linearization of Direct Paths of LPNI Systems...
... words, so we
began by analysing the total of 401 instances of 104
unknown words.
Our interest here lay in the influence of the task
on language use so we focus on 3 classes of unknown
words ... discussion of the vari-
ous approaches that have been used in the evaluation
of Natural Language systems. We conclude that pre-
vious approaches have neglected to evaluate systems
in the context of ...
1.1
Approaches to the evaluation of
NL systems
It is clear that a number of different criteria might
be employed in the evaluation of Natural Language
(NL) systems. It is also clear that there...
... Lines
Acknowledgments to the
Third Edition
A number of people helped to make possible this revised third edition of
Surface Production Operations, Volume 1 Designof Oil and Water Han-
dling Facilities. ... together.
This edition contains significant amounts of new material which was
developed and gathered primarily by Maurice as a result of his years of
teaching and consulting using the original editions ... rate of liquid flowing
into the vessel is matched by the rate out of the vessel.
Temperature Control
The way in which the process temperature is controlled varies. In a heater
a temperature controller...
... 10.1155/ASP/2006/64645
Optimal Designof Noisy Transmultiplexer Systems
Huan Zhou
1
and Lihua Xie
2
1
Signal Processing Group, Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
2
School of Elect ... the channel noise of variance σ
2
r
= 0.09 and
σ
2
r
= 0.9 (in this case, corresponding to the SNR
c
of 20 dB
and 10 dB, resp.), we design the receivers by the optimal
H
2
design (Theorem 1 )withanH
∞
crosstalk ... crosstalk problem by an
H
∞
optimization approach. In general, there are two reasons
for the study of crosstalk attenuation by H
∞
approach.
First, as stated before, one problem often encountered...
... 1999 edition
by K. S.
Chiou
of
Paragon Engineering Services, Inc.
Preface
As
teachers
of
production facility design courses
in
petroleum engi-
neering
programs
at
University
of
... 320,
Fugitive Emissions Control
321
Example
Problem,
321
CHAPTER
12
Mechanical
Design
of
Pressure
Vessels
327
Design
Considerations,
328
Design
Temperature 328, Design Pressure 328,
Maximum
... Individual Risk Rate,
423
ix
SECOND
EDITION
Surface
Production
Operations
VOLUME
2
Design
of
Gas-Handling
Systems
and
Facilities
Copyright
â
1989,
1999
by
Elsevier
Science (USA).
All
...
... the
wall
of the
tube
by a
conduction
process which
is
controlled
by the
tube-
wall's thermal conductivity
and
tube-wall thickness.
The
transfer
of
heat
from
the
outside wall
of ... bulk
of the fluid
outside
is
again
a
convective process.
It is
controlled
by the
outide
film coefficient.
All
of
these
resistances
are
added
in
series, similar
to a
series
of
... Equation
2-3.
12
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
facilities
Figure 2-2. Change
in AT
over
distance,
counter-current
flow of fluids.
Since
the
temperature
of
both fluids changes
...
... area
of
outside surface
of the
fire
tube.
Common heat
flux
rates
are
given
in
Table
2-11.
38
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
Figure
2-14.
Specific
heals
of
... from
the
following
equation
by
assuming
a
water specific
heat
of
1.0
Btu/lb-°F.
where
Q
w
=
water
flow
rate,
bpd
44
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
The
heat ... end of the
heat
exchanger,
the
sec-
ond
letter
designates
the
shell
type,
or the
middle
of the
heat
exchanger,
and
the
third
letter designates
the
back,
or the
rear,
of the
...
... Data Book,
9th
Edition.
84
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
Figure 3-20.
Vertical-tube-fired
heaters
can be
identified
by
the
vertical
arrangement
of the
radiant-section
... page)
76
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
Figure
3-15.
Side
elevations
of air
coolers.
(From
Gas
Processors
Suppliers
Association,
Engineering
Data
Book,
9th
Edition. )
transfer
... lowest number
of
tubes because
of the
space required
for the
tightest radius bend
in the
U-tube bundle.
Once
the
number
of
tubes
is
determined,
the flow
velocity
of
fluid
inside
...
... Btu/lb°F (Figure
2-14)
100
Design
of
GAS-HANDLINCr
Systems
and
facilities
by
Figure
4-6.
The
graph shows
the
water content
in
pounds
of
water
per
MMscf
of
saturated
gas at any
... or
expansion
of gas
from
a
high pressure
to a
lower pressure,
is
generally
required
for
control
of gas flow
rates.
Choking
is
achieved
by
the use of a
choke
or a
control valve.
... temperature
downstream
of the
choke, which assures that
the
enthalpy
of the
mixture
of
gas and
liquid upstream
of the
choke equals
the
enthalpy
of the new
mixture
of
more
gas and
...
... specification. This
is
accomplished
by
driving
the
maximum
number
of
molecules
of
methane
and
ethane
out of the
liquid
and
keep-
ing
as
much
of the
heavier ends
as
possible
... next higher unit
of
10
psig.
No
corrosion allowance
is
assumed; same
formula
as
ANSI
B31.3
126
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
lb
water/MMscf
of wet gas at
reservoir ... area
of the
fire
tube
is
normally calculated based
on a
heat
flux
rate
of
10,000
Btu/hr-ft
2
.
The
fire-tube length
can be
determined
from:
124
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
...
... device.
The
height
of the
tower
is a
function
of the
number
of
theoretical stages
and
of the
efficiency
of the
actual stages.
The
diameter
of the
tower
is a
function
of the
hydraulic ... liquid
divided
by
moles
of
n-C
4
in
feed
RV
n
=
relative volatility
of
component
n
from
Table
6-1
To
determine
the
compositon
of the
bottom
liquid,
assume
a
split
of n-
C
4
... constants
from
Chapter
3,
Volume
I,
and
computing:
142
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
is
controlled
by (1)
perforations
in the
tray deck (sieve trays),
(2)
bubble
caps
...
... maximum rate
of
deposition
of 15
grains
of
H
2
S/min/ft
2
of bed
cross-sectional area
is
also recommended
to
allow
for the
dissipation
of
176
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
... of the
acid
gas
components.
where
PPj
=
partial pressure
of
component
i,
psia
P
t
=
systems pressure, psia
Xj
=
mole fraction
of
component
i
164
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
... MEA. Loadings
for DEA
systems range
to
0.65
mole
of
acid
gas per
mole
of DEA
compared
to a
maximum
of 0.4
mole
of
acid
gas per
mole
of
MEA.
The
result
of
this
is
that
the
...
... the
design
of
liquid glycol
and
solid
bed
dehy-
dration
systems that
are the
most common methods
of
dehydration used
*Reviewed
for the
1999
edition
by
Lindsey
S.
Stinson
of
... each tray.
A
tray
efficiency
of 25% is
commonly used
for
design. That
is, if one
theoretical
188
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
For
design, reboiler temperatures
... adsorbs water
at the
reboiler conditions
of
atmospheric pres-
190
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
When
MEA is
used
in the
presence
of
COS and
CS
2
,
they react
to
...
... load.
Too
much
232
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
mit
some
of the wet gas to
bypass
the
desiccant
bed.
Only
a
small
amount
of
wet,
bypassed
gas is
needed
... primarily
by
economics. Some-
times
the
process conditions control
the
desiccant choice. Many times
the
234
Design
of
GAS-HANDLING
Systems
and
Facilities
Figure
8-22.
Maximum design ... the
gas.
The
switching
of the
beds
is
controlled
by a
time
controller
that
per-
forms
switching
operations
at
specified times
in the
cycle.
The
length
of
the
different
phases
...