... consumed bandwidth of transmitting packets, bw
passing
is the consumed
bandwidth of passing packets, bw
echo
is the consumed bandwidth of echo packets, and BW
idle
is the
consumed bandwidth of idle ... and Vahid, F., Specification anddesignof embedded hardware-software systems,
IEEE Design & Test of Computers,
pp. 53-67, Spring 1995.
[14] DeBardelaben, J. and Madisetti, V., Hardware/software ... defined and standardized.
Currently, there are no standards to meet this demand. Protocol converters can be developed to link
performance models with alternatetoken structures but a standardis...
... passband
and rolls off smoothly and monotonically. In addition, it has virtually no ripple in either
the passband or the stopband. For these reasons, many designers regard the Butterworth
filter transfer ... Each of these filter responses has advantages and disadvantages, and it is the
designers task to find a suitable compromise that best fits the task at hand. Table 2.5 sum-
marizes the frequency- and ... amplitudes and
must therefore be amplified before their processing and display can be accomplished. The
specifications and lists of characteristics of biopotential amplifiers can be as long and con-
fusing...
... Earl Logan, Jr.
86. Vibrations of Shells and Plates: Second Edition, Revised
and Expanded, Werner Soedel
87. Steam Plant Calculations Manual: Second Edition, Revised
and Expanded, V. Ganapathy
88. ... Polymers and Composites: Second Edition,
Revised and Expanded, Lawrence E. Nielsen and Robert F. Landel
91. Mechanical Wear Prediction and Prevention, Raymond G. Bayer
92. Mechanical Power Transmission ... Meadows
97. AnIntroduction to the Designand Behavior of Bolted Joints:
Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, John H. Bickford
98. Shaft Alignment Handbook: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,
John...
... Consultant
196. Standards for Engineering Designand Manufacturing,
Wasim Ahmed Khan and Abdul Raouf S.I.
197. Maintenance, Replacement, and Reliability: Theory and Applications,
Andrew K. S. Jardine and Albert ... Voyiadjis and Peter I. Kattan
195. Standard Handbook of Chains: Chains for Power Transmission
and Material Handling, Second Edition, American Chain Association
and John L. Wright, Technical Consultant
196. ... Their Designand Performance, Richard H. MacNeal
90. Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites: Second Edition,
Revised and Expanded, Lawrence E. Nielsen and Robert F. Landel
91. Mechanical...
... condition of self-locking, i.e.,
the lead angle of the lead screw is less than the angle of friction,
so as to ensure that the nut is self-locking when the lead screw is
LI AND XU: DESIGNANDDEVELOPMENT ... point of view, the simpler the architecture
of a TPM, the lower will be the cost. In view of the complexity
of the TPM topology, including the number of mechanical joints
and links and their manufacture ... of a class of 4-DoF and 5-DoF
parallel manipulators with identical limb structures,” Int. J. Robot. Res.,
vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 799–810, 2002.
[6] X J. Liu and J. Wang, “Some new parallel mechanisms...
... Consultant
196. Standards for Engineering Designand Manufacturing,
Wasim Ahmed Khan and Abdul Raouf S.I.
197. Maintenance, Replacement, and Reliability: Theory and Applications,
Andrew K. S. Jardine and Albert ... Stress Analysis in Engineering Design: Second Edition,
Revised and Expanded, Alexander Blake
70. AnIntroduction to the Designand Behavior of Bolted Joints:
Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, ... Edition,
Revised and Expanded, Earl Logan, Jr.
86. Vibrations of Shells and Plates: Second Edition, Revised
and Expanded, Werner Soedel
87. Steam Plant Calculations Manual: Second Edition, Revised
and Expanded,...
... survival and growth of most industries today are strongly dependent on
the designand optimization of the relevant systems. With the advent of many new
materials, such as composites and ceramics, and ... research anddevelopment divisions and many important and original
concepts originate here, frequently leading to major changes in the company. The
development of semi-conductor devices and ber-optic ... particularly
attheconferencesoftheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,havebeen
importantinunderstandingtheinstructionandconcernsatotheruniversities.
Inputsfromreviewersofthersteditionwerealsousefulinne-tuningsome
ofthepresentation.Thesupportandassistanceprovidedbytheeditorialstaffof
Taylor&Francis,particularlybyJessicaVakili,havebeenvaluableinthedevel-
opment of the second edition. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the encour-
agementandsupportofmywife,Anuradha,andofourchildren,Ankur,Aseem,
andPratik,aswellasPratik’swife,Leslie,andson,Vyan,forthiseffort.Itdid
takemeawayfromthemformanyhoursanddistractedmeatothertimes.Their
patience...
... Ozisik (1985) and Incropera and Dewitt (2001) in heat transfer, Fox and
McDonald (2003) and Shames (1992) in uid mechanics, Howell and Buckius
(1992), Cengel and Boles (2002) and Moran and Shapiro ... from a study of thermal sciences alone.
1.3.2 ANALYSIS
The analysis of thermal systems is often complicated because of the complex
nature of uid ow andof heat and mass transfer mechanisms that ...
input. In addition, the developmentof new techniques and materials demands
new and improved systems to take advantage of such innovations. However,
the designof thermal systems is usually complicated...
... are of interest. Improvements in the performance and character-
istics of the system and in the quality of the product can also often be obtained
simply by modifying the designof existing systems. ... only as a means for obtaining the
inputs needed for designand for evaluating different designs, not for providing
detailed information and understanding of thermal processes and systems. The ... systems. The
synthesis of information from a variety of sources plays an important part in the
development ofan acceptable design. With this background and understanding,
we can now proceed to...
... control
Modeling
Communication
of design
Physical process
or system
Redesign
FIGURE 2.14 Various steps involved in the designand optimization of a thermal system
and in the implementation of the design.
84 Designand ... different designs, given by the
tube diameters D
1
and D
2
and the length L, and for different operating condi-
tions, including off -design, given by the ow rates
m
1
and
m
2
and the inlet ... developed and tested before going into
Management
Research and
development
Simulation and
computer results
Oral presentations,
Dr
awings an
d
materials list
graphs, and
results
Patents and
copyrights
Sales...
... F.P. and Dewitt, D.P. (2001) Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 5th ed.,
Wiley, New York.
Jaluria, Y. and Lombardi, D. (1991) Use of expert systems in the designof thermal equip-
ment and ... York.
Eckert, E.R.G. and Drake, R.M. (1972) Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-Hill,
New York.
Figliola, R.S. and Beasley, D.E. (1995) Theory andDesign for Mechanical Measurements,
2nd ...
usefulness of a CAD system. However, because of the complexity of typical
thermal systemsand processes, such CAD systems are often limited to the
design of relatively simple systemsand equipment.
Finally,...
... use of
analog models is quite common in heat transfer and uid mechanics (Fox and
McDonald, 2003; Incropera and Dewitt, 2001). An example ofan analog model
is provided by conduction heat transfer ... the use of mod-
els, relevant quantitative inputs are obtained for the designand optimization of
processes, components, and systems. However, despite its importance, and even
though analysis ... system.
122 Designand Optimization of Thermal Systems
several new ideas and materials. What are the important means of
communicating these designs and to which groups within or outside
the company...
... the analysis and
design of thermal processes and systems. The ratio of effects just mentioned is
largely qualitative and may be used for an interpretation of the physical signi-
cance of a ... uid mechanics and heat and mass trans-
fer (White, 1994; Incropera and Dewitt, 2001; Fox and McDonald, 2003). A brief
discussion of dimensional analysis is given here for completeness and to ... specic heat of the uid at constant pressure and u and v are the
velocity components in the x and y directions, respectively. Partial differential
160 Designand Optimization of Thermal Systems
This...
... System Modeling and Response, Wiley, New York.
Eckert, E.R.G. and Drake, R.M. (1972) Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-
Hill, New York.
Fox, R.W. and McDonald, A.T. (2003) Introduction ... Example 3.7 at Re 100 and Gr/Re
2
values of (a) 0.1, (b) 1.0, and (c) 10.0. (Adapted from Papanicolaou and Jaluria, 1994.)
Modeling of Thermal Systems 191
These simultaneous linear equations ... rst and second cases and for x in the last case.
Linear regression may be applied to these equations to obtain the coefcients
a and b. Many problems of interest in the designof thermal systems...