description of naep categories of comprehension

Statistical Description of Data part 1

Ngày tải lên : 20/10/2013, 17:15

... sums of integer powers of the values Best known is the mean of the values x1 , , xN , x= N N xj (14.1.1) j=1 which estimates the value around which central clustering occurs Note the use of ... 1974, Applied Statistics: Analysis of Variance and Regression (New York: Wiley) 14.1 Moments of a Distribution: Mean, Variance, Skewness, and So Forth When a set of values has a sufﬁciently strong ... tendency, the moments of a distribution, the median and mode In §14.2 we learn to test whether different data sets are drawn from distributions with different values of these measures of central tendency...

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Statistical Description of Data part 2

Ngày tải lên : 24/10/2013, 15:15

... significance of a difference of means is not the number of standard deviations that they are apart, but the number of so-called standard errors that they are apart The standard error of a set of values ... definitions into sums of various powers of the data, e.g., the familiar    N  x2  − N x2  ≈ x2 − x2 (14.1.7) Var(x1 xN ) = j N −1 614 Chapter 14 Statistical Description of Data Semi-Invariants ... the first moment of the tails is large; it is easy to construct examples where the first moment of the tails is large even though their area is negligible To find the median of a set of values, one...

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Statistical Description of Data part 3

Ngày tải lên : 24/10/2013, 15:15

... given lists of individual burnout times or of stellar positions The data sets on chicken pox and educational level are binned, since we are given tables of numbers of events in discrete categories: ... of research: Are the visible stars distributed uniformly in the sky? (That is, is the distribution of stars as a function of declination — position in the sky — the same as the distribution of ... function of declination?) Are educational patterns the same in Brooklyn as in the Bronx? (That is, are the distributions of people as a function of last-grade-attended the same?) Do two brands of ﬂuorescent...

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Statistical Description of Data part 4

Ngày tải lên : 28/10/2013, 22:15

... collected in such a way that the sum of the Ri ’s is necessarily equal to the sum of Si ’s, then the number of degrees of freedom is equal to one less than the number of bins, NB − (that is, knstrn ... then the number of degrees of freedom is NB − If he takes his data to be all the birds he saw on a random sample of days, the same days in each year, then the number of degrees of freedom is NB ... the null hypothesis Its use to estimate the signiﬁcance of the chi-square test is standard The appropriate value of ν, the number of degrees of freedom, bears some additional discussion If the data...

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Statistical Description of Data part 5

Ngày tải lên : 28/10/2013, 22:15

... Table Analysis of Two Distributions female # of red males N11 # of green males N12 # of males N1⋅ # of red females N21 # of green females N22 # of females N2⋅ # of red N ⋅1 ... association In this case, the probability of a particular value of x given a particular value of y should be the same as the probability of that value of x regardless of y Therefore, in the null hypothesis, ... The number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of entries in the table (product of its row size and column size) minus the number of constraints that have arisen from our use of the data...

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Statistical Description of Data part 6

Ngày tải lên : 07/11/2013, 19:15

... respectively, the number of data points in the measurement of r1 and r2 All of the signiﬁcances above are two-sided If you wish to disprove the null hypothesis in favor of a one-sided hypothesis, ... concept of nonparametric correlation is this: If we replace the value of each xi by the value of its rank among all the other xi ’s in the sample, that is, 1, 2, 3, , N , then the resulting list of ... detecting correlation between uniform sets of integers between and N , keeping in mind the possibility of ties in the ranks There is, of course, some loss of information in replacing the original...

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Statistical Description of Data part 7

Ngày tải lên : 07/11/2013, 19:15

... relative ordering of the ranks of the two x’s is opposite from the relative ordering of the ranks of the two y’s If there is a tie in either the ranks of the two x’s or the ranks of the two y’s, ... trade@cup.cam.ac.uk (outside North America) D= 642 Chapter 14 Statistical Description of Data Expectation value of D, and variance of D give number of standard deviations and significance Rank correlation coefficient, ... t-statistic that tests the significance of a nonzero rs It is also possible to test the significance of D directly The expectation value of D in the null hypothesis of uncorrelated data sets is (N −...

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Statistical Description of Data part 8

Ngày tải lên : 07/11/2013, 19:15

... tabulate Monte Carlo results for (what amounts to) the distribution of D as a function of (of course) D, sample size N , and coefficient of correlation r Analyzing their results, one finds that the significance ... 650 Chapter 14 Statistical Description of Data 14.8 Savitzky-Golay Smoothing Filters nR gi = cnfi+n (14.8.1) n=−nL Here nL is the number of points used “to the left” of a data point i, i.e., earlier ... through a forest of data points all with large error bars; or as a means of making initial rough estimates of simple parameters from a graph In this section we discuss a particular type of low-pass...

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Tài liệu Description of Functions doc

Ngày tải lên : 13/12/2013, 01:16

... Federal Republic of Germany Siemens - Aktiengesellschaft Preface Notes for the reader The descriptions of functions are only valid for or up to the specified software release When new software releases ... software releases are issued, the relevant descriptions of functions must be requested Old descriptions of functions can only partially be used for new software releases Note Other functions not ... mode) S Correct the program Software limit switches Function The software limit switches serve as limitations of the maximum traversing range of each individual axis software limit switch pairs...

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Tài liệu Statistical Description of Data part 9 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 15/12/2013, 04:15

... convlv, a set of Savitzky-Golay ﬁlter coeﬃcients nl is the number of leftward (past) data points used, while nr is the number of rightward (future) data points, making the total number of data points ... panels.) The widths of the bumps (full width at half of maximum, or FWHM) are 140, 43, 24, 17, 13, and 10, respectively The middle panel of Figure 14.8.1 shows the result of smoothing by a moving ... One sees that the window of width 33 does quite a nice job of smoothing the broadest bump, but that the narrower bumps suffer considerable loss of height and increase of width The underlying signal...

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Tài liệu APPENDIX Description of the Extraordinary Measures pdf

Ngày tải lên : 16/02/2014, 11:20

... so Treasury may suspend the investment of the dollar-balance of the ESF during a debt limit impasse Suspending the daily reinvestment of the dollar-balance of the ESF immediately frees up headroom ... part of the response to the financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, Treasury has already sold most of these assets and is conducting an orderly wind-down of the remaining investments A fire sale of ... for both legal and practical reasons, sale of the government’s portfolio of student loans is not feasible For these reasons, Secretaries of the Treasury of both parties have concluded that asset...

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Tài liệu Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market docx

Ngày tải lên : 17/02/2014, 19:20

... full rate of mercantile profit on the whole of the capital employed in his trade, but the poor man wants only the interest of money (perhaps not a third of the rate of profit) on very much of what ... Department of the Bank of England is the banking reserve not only of the Bank of England, but of all Londonand not only of all London, but of all England, Ireland, and Scotland too Of late there ... final til midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An Implemented Description of Japanese: The Lexeed Dictionary and the Hinoki Treebank" ppt

Ngày tải lên : 20/02/2014, 12:20

... with an annotator’s choice of the most appropriate parse From this record, all kinds of information can be extracted at various levels of granularity: A simpliﬁed example of the labeled tree, minimal ... reason was the availability of a reasonably robust existing HPSG of Japanese (JACY), and a wide range of open source tools for developing the grammars We made extensive use of tools from the the Deep ... English glosses) ¯ grammar in tandem with the treebank, as part of our research into natural language understanding Treebanking the output of the parser allows us to immediately identify problems in...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "TOWARDS A THEORY OF COMPREHENSION OF DECLARATIVE CONTEXTS " docx

Ngày tải lên : 21/02/2014, 20:20

... remembered of a theme One of the slots in this frame contains a list of the relevant concepts for that theme Each of these concepts in this list is separately organized as a cluster of production ... explain some of the components of the parser so that the reader can follow the discussion of the examples in the next section We refer the reader to Gomez (1981) for a detailed description of these ... recommendation of ignoring a PURPOSE clause if the concept is end -of- list or end -of- account The END -OF- DATA is awakened with "dummy-account" Because "dtumny-account" is not an individual concept, the END -OF- DATA...

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Tài liệu The Description of Wales pot

Ngày tải lên : 21/02/2014, 21:20

... Genealogy of the Princes of Wales The following is the generation of princes of South Wales: Rhys, son of Gruffydd; Gruffydd, son of Rhys; Rhys, son of Tewdwr; Tewdwr, son of Eineon; Eineon, son of ... becoming an imitator of his wisdom rather than of his eloquence - of his mind rather than of his writings - of his zeal rather than of his style - of his life rather than of his language SECOND ... manner: Llewelyn, son of Iorwerth; Iorwerth, son of Owen; Owen, son of Gruffydd; Gruffydd, son of Conan; Conan, son of Iago; Iago, son of Edoual; Edoual, son of Meyric; Meyric, son of Anarawt (Anandhrec);...

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Tài liệu Title: Elizabethan England From ''''A Description of England,'''' by William Harrison pptx

Ngày tải lên : 21/02/2014, 21:20

... of Elizabeth, making of most of Harrison's second, some of his third, and a bit of his first book one concise story Harrison's Description of England is in three books, the second and third of ... failure of his correspondents[11] and the loss of part of his material "scambled up," what he depreciatingly calls "this foule frizeled Treatise of mine," to "stand in lieu of a description of my ... an interesting account of the virtues of the Queen's Maids of Honour, the vices of the Courtiers; the studies of the young Ladies, and the medical powers of the old; all of them being able to...

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History and Comprehensive Description of Loudoun County, Virginia pot

Ngày tải lên : 08/03/2014, 22:20

... majority of the acting justices of the peace for the said county of Fairfax, together with the justices of the county of Loudoun included within the part thus added to the said county of Fairfax, ... exception of the later Paleozoic rocks Its structures embrace nearly every known type of deformation It furnishes examples of every process of erosion, of topography derived from rocks of nearly ... is usually of a rounded form " However, much of the rock of the valley partakes of the nature of both hornblend and gneiss, and has been aptly termed a "hornblend gneiss rock." Beds of magnesian...

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A Description Of U.s. Enlisted Personnel Promotion Systems ppt

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 08:20

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Báo cáo khoa học: "Two-level Description of Turkish Morphology " docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/03/2014, 02:20

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