dependency avoidance of commitment
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Statistical Dependency Parsing of Turkish" docx
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 02:20
... tag of the head IG in-
6
This choice is based on the observation that in the tree-
bank, 85.6% of the dependency links land on the first (and
possibly the only) IG of the head word, while 14.4% of ... average of
about 8 words;
8
90% of the sentences had less
than or equal to 15 words. In terms of IG s, the
sentences comprised 2 to 55 IGs with an average
of 10 IG s per sentence; 90% of the sentences ... word.
92
Statistical Dependency Parsing of Turkish
G
¨
uls¸en Eryi
ˇ
git
Department of Computer Engineering
Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
gulsen@cs.itu.edu.tr
Kemal Oflazer
Faculty of Engineering...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Semi-supervised Learning of Dependency Parsers using Generalized Expectation Criteria" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 07:20
... x.
By relating the sum of the scores of all possible
trees to counting the number of spanning trees in a
graph, it can be shown that Z
x
is the determinant
of the Kirchoff matrix K, which is ... marginal
probability of a particular edge k → i (i.e. y
i
=k),
the score of any edge k
→ i such that k
= k is
set to 0. The determinant of the resulting modi-
fied Kirchoff matrix K
k→i
is then the sum of ... complex-
ity of non-projective data-driven dependency parsing. In
Proc. of IWPT, pages 121–132.
Ryan McDonald, Koby Crammer, and Fernando Pereira.
2005. Online large-margin training of dependency
parsers....
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Inducing Gazetteers for Named Entity Recognition by Large-scale Clustering of Dependency Relations" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 09:20
... semantics of MNs
well, the MN clusters constructed by using
dependency relations should serve as a good
gazetteer. However, the high level of computa-
tional cost has prevented the use of clustering
for ... for storing
only a part of classes C
l
, i.e., 1/|P | of the parame-
ter matrix, where P is the number of cluster nodes.
This data splitting enables linear scalability of mem-
ory sizes. However, ... and, in terms of execution speed, may
4
Acknowledgements: This corpus was provided by Dr.
Daisuke Kawahara of NICT.
5
To be precise, we need two copies of these.
6
Each node has a copy of the training...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Event Matching Using the Transitive Closure of Dependency Relations" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 09:20
... “resigns” is root of event.
Figure 2: Types of dependency features. Example features are for e = ”Abdul Halim Khaddam resigns as Vice
President of Syria” and s = ”The resignation of Khaddam was ... features obtained from the tran-
sitive closure of dependency relations. The
method yields a model capable of matching
events with an F-measure of 66.5%.
1 Introduction
Question answering systems ... using
the transitive closure of the dependency relation, we
believe that—especially in the face of a small data
set—we have struck a balance between the represen-
tative power of dependencies and the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Japanese Dependency Parsing Using Co-occurrence Information and a Combination of Case Elements" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 12:20
... accuracy of model (d) is comparable
to that of our model, we can conclude that the con-
sideration of the syntactic property of a verb does
not necessarily improve dependency analysis.
The accuracy of ... explanation
of the dependency structure T:
m(T ) : the number of verbs in T
v
i
(T ) : the i-th verb in T
c
i
(T ) : the number of case elements that mod-
ify the i-th verb in T
es
i
(T ) : the set of ... in
terms of the coverage and consistency of the rules.
The recent availability of larger-scale corpora an-
notated with dependency information has thus re-
sulted in more work on statistical dependency
analysis...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Online Large-Margin Training of Dependency Parsers" docx
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 15:20
... of parent node in dependency tree. c-word: word of child
node. p-pos: POS of parent node. c-pos: POS of child node. p-pos+1: POS to the right of parent in sentence.
p-pos-1: POS to the left of ... parent of x
j
. T = {(x
t
, y
t
)}
T
t=1
denotes the
training data.
We follow the edge based factorization method of
Eisner (1996) and define the score of a dependency
tree as the sum of the score of ... Linguistics
Online Large-Margin Training of Dependency Parsers
Ryan McDonald Koby Crammer Fernando Pereira
Department of Computer and Information Science
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
{ryantm,crammer,pereira}@cis.upenn.edu
Abstract
We...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Topological Dependency Trees: A Constraint-Based Account of Linear Precedence" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 18:20
... framework for dependency gram-
mar which supports the modular decomposition
of immediate dependency and linear precedence.
Duchier (1999) formulated a constraint-based ax-
iomatization of dependency ... the
limitations of Reape’s (1994) popular theory of
‘word order domains’. In Section 3 we introduce
the concept of topological dependency tree. In
Section 4 we outline the formal framework for
our theory of ... lieben
3 Topological Dependency Trees
Our approach is based on dependency grammar.
We also propose to distinguish two structures: (a)
a tree ofsyntactic dependencies, (b) a tree of topo-
logical...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Online Learning of Approximate Dependency Parsing Algorithms" potx
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 02:20
... pro-
vide state -of- the-art performance across multiple
languages. However, the parsing algorithms re-
quire that the score of a dependency tree factors
as a sum of the scores of its edges. This ... the second-order
MST has a score of m. Proof: First we observe that no tr ee
can have a score greater than m since that would require more
than m pairs of edges of t he form (x
i
, y
j
, z
k
). ... O(n
3
) extension of the Eisner algorithm to second-order dependency parsing. This figure
shows how h
1
creates a dependency to h
3
with the second-order knowledge that the last dependent of
h
1
was...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Importance of linguistic constraints in statistical dependency parsing" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 22:20
... Because of this
output of MST has higher number of instances of
multiple subjects/objects than Malt.
Total Instances
Malt
39
MST + MAXENT
51
Table 1: Number of instances of multiple ... Comparison of NA and PA with previous
best results for Hindi
Improvement in case of MST+MAXENT is
greater than that of Malt. One reason is because
of more number of instances of multiple ... seen a surge
in the development of dependency based tree-
banks.
Due to the availability of dependency tree-
banks, there are several recent attempts at build-
ing dependency parsers. Two CoNLL...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Detection and Correction of Errors in Dependency Treebanks" potx
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 22:20
... found. The overall number of errors thus
seems to be over 1% of the total size of a corpus,
which is expected to be of a very high quality. A
fact that one has to be aware of when working with ... Automatic Correction of Errors
In this section we propose our algorithm for auto-
matic correction of errors, which consists out of
the following steps:
1. Automatic detection of error candidates, ... gold-standard.
2. Substitution of the annotation of the error
candidates by the annotation proposed by
one of the parsers (in our case
MSTParser).
3. Parse of the modified corpus with a third...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Sentence Diagram Generation Using Dependency Parsing Elijah Mayfield Division of Science and Mathematics " docx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 01:20
... discov-
ered. Recently, however, a number of dependency
parsers have been developed that have very differ-
ent theories of a correct model of dependencies.
Dependency parsers define syntactic relations
between ... system of conversion makes the assumption
that the governor of a typed dependency will al-
ready have been assigned a position in a diagram.
This is due to the largely tree-like structure of
dependency ... of the root dependency. The dependent is
added to the diagram data structure based on its
relation to the governor.
Before analysis of dependency graphs begins,
our algorithm takes in a set of...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Exploring Correlation of Dependency Relation Paths for Answer Extraction" doc
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 02:21
... paths
of each pair is calculated by employing Dynamic
Time Warping algorithm. The input of the cal-
culation is correlations between dependency re-
lations, which are estimated from a set of train-
ing ... it
is the most important phrase of the question. Con-
straint are the other phrases of the question ex-
cept topic, such as ”1983” and ”1996”. Verb is
the main verb of the question, such as ”lead”. ... to
further enhance state -of- the-art QA systems even
if they have a good NER.
In addition, we evaluate component contribu-
tions of our method based on the main idea of
relation path correlation....
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Đề tài " On the dimensions of conformal repellers. Randomness and parameter dependency " pot
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 09:20
... inf
n
1
n
log M
n
(s).
Proof. We pro c ee d as in the last half of the proof of the operator bounds,
Lemma 2.7. Through a small modification, notably replacing δ
f
by ∆, and
making use of mixing, condition ... the properties of our conformal maps. The diameter of K
is finite within U. Given two points y and z in K, choose a geodesic between
them of length not greater than the diameter of K. By taking ... roles
of y and w we see that P
b
f
(ξ) is independent of the choices made (up to a
permutation of J). In the following we will denote by
(6.38) D
b
f
= {v ∈ P
b
f
(ξ) : ξ ∈
K
∆
}
the set of all...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Data point selection for cross-language adaptation of dependency parsers" pot
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 00:20
... adaptation of dependency parsers.
3 Experiments
3.1 Data point selection
The key idea in our experiments is that we can use a
simple form of instance weighting, similar to what is
often used ... Corpus-
based induction of syntactic structure: models of de-
pendency and constituency. In ACL.
Ryan McDonald, Koby Crammer, and Fernando Pereira.
2005. Online large-margin training of dependency
parsers. ... part -of- speech tags are
enough to do reasonably well, and languages are rel-
atively similar at this level of abstraction. Of course
annotations differ, but nouns are likely to be depen-
dents of...
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