... molecular basis of enzyme thermosta-
bility. J Bacteriol 185, 4038–4049.
20 Nanba H, Yajima K, Takano M, Yamada Y, Ikenaka
Y & Takahashi S (1997) Process for producing d-N-car-
bamoyl -a- amino acid. ... molecular mass
was also estimated by SDS–PAGE.
Characterization and comparative analyses of
HYD
Js
and HYD
Bp
The optimal temperature for activity of HYD
Js
with d-p-
HPH as substrate was determined ... Metab Dispos 2,
103–112.
11 Moller A, Syldatk C, Schulze M & Wagner F (1988)
Stereo- and substrate-specificity ofa d-hydantoinase
and a d-N-carbamyl amino acid amidohydrolase of
Arthrobacter...
... semipreparative column was from Agilent Tech-
nologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA), and trifluoroacetic acid
and acetonitrile used for HPLC were from Merck (Darms-
tadt, Germany). Trypsin and tosyl phenylalanyl ... 2008)
doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06352.x
Cone snails, a group of gastropod animals that inhabit tropical seas, are
capable of producing a mixture of peptide neurotoxins, namely conotoxins,
for defense and predation. Conotoxins are mainly ... of conotoxins
and their analogs [24–27].
Most NOESY crosspeaks were assigned and inte-
grated, with concomitant cycles of structure calcula-
tions for evaluation of distance and angle constraint
violations...
... 5Â-CTTTATTTTCAGGGCGCCATGAAGCGCG
CAAGACCGTCTGAA-3Â anda reverse oligomer 5Â-AGCT
CGAATTCG GATCCGGTACCTCAGAAGGTAGACAG
CAGAACC-3Â. For derivitization with TMR, a Gly-Gly-Cys
sequence was introduced at the C-terminus ... addition to an N-terminal Nco1 cloning site.
The forward o ligomer 5 Â-TCCGAAACCAGCG GCCGCTT
TATCGCGTTA AAAC CGGT GATCAA ACCCC -3Â and the
reverse oligomer 5Â-GTAGGCCTT TGAATTCCTCAAAA
AGTGCGGCTCGAT-3Â ... oligomers
5Â-CTGCTGTCTACCTTTGGAGGTTGCTGATCCGAA
TTCGAG-3Â (forward) and 5Â-GCTCGAATTCGGATCAG
CAACCTCCAAAGGTAGACAGCA-3Â (reverse). BL21
cells were transformed with the pETM11 construct and
grown until a D of 0.8...
... Salmon testes
DNA and some analytical grade chemicals such as EDTA,
Tris ⁄ HCl, CaCl
2
, NaCl and mineral oil were obtained from
Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Salmon testes DNA for the
enzyme activity ... folding pathway: structure-based analysis of
staphylococcal nuclease. Proteins: Structure, Function
and Genetics 27, 171–183.
15 Flanagan JM, Kataoka M, Fujisawa T & Engelman
DM (1993) Mutations ... Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
3 Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences, St Paul, MN, USA
Staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) is a...
... Chicester.
32. Mu
ă
hlradt, P.F. & Frisch, M. (1994) Purification and partial bio-
chemical characterization ofa Mycoplasma fermentans-derived
substance that activates macrophages to release nitric oxide,
tumor ... confers
interspecies variation ofa major surface lipoprotein and a
macrophage-activating lipopeptide of Mycoplasma fermentans.
Infect. Immunol. 67, 760–771.
34. Takeuchi, O., Kaufmann, A. , Grote, K., Kawai, T., ... mechanical
disturbance leading to a conformational change of the
protein and, with that, signal transduction.
Recently, Ben-Menachem
3
et al. [45] presented a physico-
chemical characterization of...
... isolation and charac-
terization of amphipathic a- helical peptides from the venom
of Opistophtalmus carinatus, a scorpion living in southern
Africa, and we have made a comparative analysis of
the ... synthesized
chemically and preliminary studies on antibacterial activity
showed that the quality and biological activity of native and
synthesized toxins were identical. Due to a shortage of
native material, all ... [20],
parabutoporin and opistoporin 1 were tested on Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria and their activity was
compared with the activity of melittin and mastoparan
(Table 1).
Parabutoporin...
... ofa federation of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia and the states of
Sabah and Sarawak in the north of Kalimantan. Kuala Lumpur, the national capital, Labuan
UNEP/SCS – National Report Malaysia ... part of South-East Asia and occupies a total land
area of 330,434 square kilometres. The land mass comprises three main components:
Peninsular Malaysia and the two states of Sabah and Sarawak, ... waters. As
coastal aquaculture systems are located mainly in sheltered coastal waters of the Straits of
Malacca, these agricultural wastes, carrying bacteria and heavy metals, can be a health...
... L, Hamid Q & Elias JA (2004) Acidic
mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation
and IL-13 pathway activation. Science 304, 1678–
1682.
4 Kasprzewska A (2003) Plant chitinases ) regulation ... increase of antifungal function.
Biosci Biotech Biochem 66, 1084–1092.
35 Kawase T, Yokokawa S, Saito A, Fujii T, Nikaidou N,
Miyashita K & Watanabe T (2006) Comparison of
enzymatic and antifungal ... equal amounts of (GlcNAc)
3
and (GlcNAc)
2
;
the 80 : 20 anomeric ratio of the products indicates
that cleavage after sugar 2 or sugar 3 occurs approxi-
mately equally often.
Structure
The overall...
... The remaining 495 amino acids are
considered to constitute the lac1 mature protein giving a
calculated molecular mass of 53 212 Da. Two putative
polyadenylation signals (TATAAA and CATAAA) were
identied ... cycles of 94 °Cfor20s,52°Cfor20s
and 70 °C for 2 min; then a final extension at 72 °C
for 10 min. The primers for lac1 P
LAC1F
(5Â-AGCTTT
CATTCCCAGTGATTG-3Â)andP
LAC1R
(5Â-AACGAG
CTCAAGTACAAATGACT-3Â) ... Stimulation of laccase production by
Fig. 6. Transcription analysis of lac1 by RT-PCR (A) and total laccase
activity (B) during various stages of V. volvacea fruitbody development.
mRNA was extracted...
... 5Â-CTAGACTCGAGCCTAAT
TTATATTTGCTCCTTGTGC-3Â. b-Actin primers were
designed as follows: forward 5Â-CTACAATGAGCTGCG
TGT-3Â and reverse 5Â-AAGGAAGGCTGGAAGAGT-3 ¢.
Cell survival and apoptosis analysis
For viability ... contain a KH
domain. RNA analysis and blast analysis indicated
that homologs and orthologs of VBARP exist, indica-
ting the presence of VBARP in diverse phyla such as
plants, yeast, and eukaryotes. ... (predictprotein:
http://www.cubic.bioc.columbia.edu/predictprotein).
RNA extraction and quantitative real-time
RT-PCR
Total RNA was extracted from human tissues and human
primary cells using Qiagen RNA purification kit (Qiagen,
Valencia, CA) and used in real-time...
... of the ORF and
contained a SalIsite(5Â-CTACGTCGACGATGGCGAA
CATCTGGCCACGAATC-3Â); the reverse primer corres-
ponded to the 3Â-end of the ORF and contained an XbaIsite
(5Â-AGGCTCTAGATTTATGAGAAATTGGCTTTCTG
GAC-3Â).
Expression ... post-treatment. The poly (A) -RNA was extracted from the
larvae, and 300 ng mRNA of each sample was loaded on a gel. Actin
mRNA served as an internal marker to equate mRNA quantities.
Fig. 9. Alignment ... DIG Labelling Mix (Roche). To
prepare a DmEH probe, primers (5Â-ATGGCGAAC
ATCTGGCCACGAATC-3Â and 5Â-TTATGAGAAATT
GGCTTTCTGGAC-3Â) were used, and to prepare Actin
5C probe as an internal marker,...
... switch point
between agonist and antagonist structures [21–23].
By molecular mechanics calculations the conformers of
Ac-HGly-NHMe, Ac-b
2
-HAla-NHMe and Ac-b
3
-HAla-
NHMe have been generated and ... acid-substituted SP analogues [HGly9]SP,
[b
2
-HAla9]SP and [b
3
-HAla9]SP may adopt conforma-
tions around residue 9 that are analogous to those
adopted by a- amino acids (Gly, Ala, Sar, Pro). To explain
the ... varying /, w
angles in intervals of 10° and setting h angle to ) 60 ± 10°
and 60 ± 10°.Each/, h,andw-value was fixed by applying
a harmonic potential and the structures were minimized
(adiabatic...