... models of Merton ~1974!,Jarrow, Lando, and Turnbull ~1997!, Longstaff and Schwartz ~1995!, and Pitts and Selby ~1983!. It is inconsistent with the humped shape derived byKim, Ramaswamy and ... neutral valuation model devel-oped earlier and estimate the corporate spot rates that should be used todiscount promised cash payments when both state and local taxes and ex-pected default losses ... we calculated the standard deviation ofyear-to-year default rates over the 20 years ending 1996. We then increasedthe mean default rate by two standard deviations. This resulted in a maxi-mum...
... Theconvergence to 0 ofT0R d |b2h|1 + |x| d+ 2dxdtfollows by the standard dominated convergence theorem. The convergence to 0 ofT0R d |b1h|1 + |x|dxdt (and a fortiori of the integrals ... SinceR d ×ΓTT0Θ(|˙γ|)1 + |γ|dt d ηε(x,γ)=T0R d Θ(|bεt|)1 + |x| d μεtdt(10),(11)≤ (1 +εM)T0R d Θ(|bt|(x))1 + |x| d μtdt and R d ×ΓTψ(x )d ηε(x,γ)=R d ψ(x )d με0≤ ... Crippa−Ibt(x)∇ρε(x −y)wt(y)ϕ(x)dydxdt −Iwεϕdivbtdxdt=ILεϕdxdt −Iwεϕdiv btdxdt(in the last equality we used the fact that ∇ρis odd).Then, one uses the strong...
... C3062 (diluted 1 : 60 000), KAVKKDEL (diluted1 : 100), KSEKKDEL (diluted 1 : 100), KXXXXXKDEL(diluted 1 : 100), affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal IgGagainst human ARF-1 (diluted 1 : 400) and Gsa ... MgCl2, and 10 mm thymi-dine, and incubated at 30 °C for 45 min. The reaction wasstopped by the addition of Laemmli sample buffer [54], and this was followed by SDS ⁄ PAGE and autoradiography.Cell-free ... chloroquine and monensin interfered withthe ATP-dependent intraendosomal degradation ofinternalized radioactive CT [6]. Recently, we haveidentified an endosomal aspartic acid protease, cathep-sin D, ...
... residuesin PDGF-A and -B responsible for receptor bindingreside in loop 2, in addition to RKK161 in PDGF-AA and R27 and I30 in PDGF-BB. The residuesinvolved in PDGF-CC and -DD receptor bindingremain ... database forhomologues of the PDGF ⁄ VEGF family. PDGF -d and PDGF -D are now the accepted names for this gene and protein, respectively.The pdgf genesPDGF-c and PDGF -d were named and placed ... extensively studiedsince the 1970s, while PDGF-C and PDGF -D werediscovered recently. The PDGF-c gene was publishedin 2000 by three independent groups and namedPDGF-C [8], Fallotein [15] and SCDGF [7]....
... of detected edges. (d) Edges detected by the LoG operatorwith gradient threshold 10 and σ =2pixels.method. Since the shape of a patch is independent of the position of the 3×3 window and depends ... cutoff and treated as new trees, regions containing fewer than 10 pixels were considerednoise and removed from the image, and the standard deviation of the Gaussian was2 pixels. Edges obtained by ... that produce first and third derivatives of the same sign correspond tolocally minimum gradients and zero-crossings that produce first and third derivativesof different signs correspond to locally...
... interpretation discussed in se c tion 1.3.12§2 Matrix models and random surfaces2 Matrix models and random surfaces2.1 Definition of one-matrix modelNow it is time to define what a matrix model is. ... connected and disconnected diagrams.Therefore, it gives rise to both connected and disconnected surfaces. If we are interested,as in quantum gravity, only in the connected surfaces, one should consider ... used to describe quantum gravity! If this is so, a theory basedon strings should describe the world at the ver y microscopic level, such as the Planck scale, and should reproduce the st andard...
... emphasizing Perl’s grep, sed, and awk-like features, and relyingForward BackwardA and B; B if A;A && B; B if A;A and do { B }; do { B } if A;A && do { B }; do { B } if A;if (A) ... would surely have a different reaction—that Perl is needlessly complex and toohard to learn.Minimal Perl was created to address these obstacles presented by Perl’s redundancy and complexity. By ... commands and scripts, and the fundamentals of using Perl modules.But we don’t discuss everything you need to know about Perl in this chapter. Fur-ther details on this chapter’s topics and more...
... linear and continuous functionals α : V →K with the standard linear structure introducedabove is called the topological dual space of V , and it is still denoted by V∗.If V is finite dimensional, ... cells,made up of nucleotide units, and hydrolyzableinto certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usuallyadenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil), d- ribose or 2-deoxy -d- ribose, and phosphoricacid.See ... found in serum or other body fluidsthat possesses antibody activity. An individual Igmolecule is built up from two light (L) and twoheavy (H) polypeptide chains linked together bydisulfide bonds....