... Corpus- BasedInductionofSyntactic Structure: Models of Dependency and ConstituencyDan KleinComputer Science DepartmentStanford ... beinducing models of linguistic constituency and de-pendency with the goal of recovering linguisticallyplausible structures. We make no claims as to thecognitive plausibility of the induction mechanismswe ... isomorphic (in terms of stronggenerative capacity) to a restricted form of phrase structure grammar, where the set of terminals andnonterminals is identical, and every rule is of theform X → X...
... discretization of the world interms of actions.Now we are ready to define canonical reaction ckformally. Let Skbe the state of the virtual worldwhen instruction ukwas uttered, Sk+1be the state of the ... to actions. In Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conferenceon Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP, pages82–90, Suntec, ... AkikoAizawa. 2005. Soft computing for perception -based decision processing and analysis: Web -based BISC-DSS. In Masoud Nikravesh, Lotfi Zadeh, and JanuszKacprzyk, editors, Soft Computing for InformationProcessing...
... LOB corpus. Proceedings, 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguists. University of Pittsburgh. Association for Computational Linguists. CORPUS- BASED ACQUISITION OF ... view of syntax, we have found that a small set ofsyntactic predictions covers the wide variety of constructs in the MUC-3 corpus. 3.3 CREATING THE TRAINING INSTANCES Output from the syntactic ... encoding of these heuristics, either as part of a formal grammar or as a set of disarnbiguation rules, is difficult because successful heuristics demand the assimilation of complex syntactic...
... determination. With small amounts of material (e.g. a few picomoles), no single analyticaltechnique is capable of the complete characterization of anoligosaccharide structure. Structure elucidation is ... voltage of 80 V was used forCID MS/MS of singly charged ions [M-H]–and 50 V forFig. 3. Product-ion spectra of DFiLNO with [M-H]–(A) and [M-2H]2–(B) as precursors. The structureof DFiLNO ... the TFiLNO structure. The structureof MFiLNO is thus assigned as:DFiLNO. The methylation analysis for DFiLNO identi-fied a decasaccharide. The chemical shifts of anomericprotons of the reducing...
... cases,adding the structured feature would bring consis-tent improvement against the baselines regardless of the number of sentence distance. This observa-tion suggests that the structured syntactic ... pronounand a candidate, the structured feature at leastshould be able to cover both of these two expres-sions. Generally, the more substructure of the treeis included, the more syntactic information ... explore how tomake use of the structured syntactic knowledge todo pronoun resolution. Traditionally, syntactic in-formation from parse trees is represented as a set of flat features. However,...
... linearized, presumably because of the processing limitations of the hearer/reader(and of the speaker/writer). Walker (1996) has ar-gued in favor of the importance of limited atten-tion in processing ... theresults of the statistical analysis of those factors,and finally we describe several algorithms for thegeneration of VPE which we automatically ac-quired from the corpus. 2 The Corpus All ... SECTIONS5+6( ), presumably because of the smallnumber of data points. The counts are shown inFigure 2.The syntacticstructure also correlates withVPE, with the different forms of subordinationfavoring...
... (anno-tated in the corpus) between the referent of “it” de374in (c) and the referent of “the terminals” de380 in (d),by virtue of which de374 might be thought as being amember of the CF list of (d). ... finite unitin the gnome corpus. 2The spans of text withthe indexes (a) to (d) in example (1) are exam-ples. This definition of utterance is not optimalfrom the point of view of minimizing Centeringviolations ... previous work on corpus- based evalu-ations of Centering, and particularly the meth-ods used by Poesio et al. (2004). We use thegnome corpus (Poesio et al., 2004) as the do-main of our experiments...
... of the advantages of a corpus- based method in the exploration of learner English. To be specific, Chapter Four first illustrates the creation of two verb lemma lists (one from the learner corpus ... English in the aspect of the width and depth of verbs? (By the width of verbs, I mean the size of vocabulary in verbs. By the depth of verbs, I mean the range of senses of verbs and the many ... English of non-native speakers reflect the influence of their native tongue? For this kind of investigation, it is very useful to annotate the corpus with classes of errors, or features of non-native...
... dependency -based analysis of the sourcetext. The input to our reconstruction algorithm isa relational structure representing a dependency- based deep semantics of the utterance, e.g. in thesense of ... conducted an evaluation of the parallel struc-ture building algorithm on a sample of sentencesfrom Europarl (Koehn, 2002), a parallel corpus of professionally translated proceedings of the Euro-pean ... implic-itly conveyed parallel structures based on the def-initions of swapping operations with optional in-corporation of recasting operations if needed. Theprocedure consists of two main parts (see...
... Expression 34b, Structure 34* Typical structureof an International Declaration on Human Rights 37* Typical structureof an International Convention on Human Rights 38* Sources of data 39* References ... Use of Grammar 26a1. Modality 26a2. Use of Active/ Passive voices 27a3. Sentence order 27a4. Length of sentences 27a5. Kinds of sentences 28b. Use of vocabulary 28b1. Archaic words and phrases ... terms of discourse structures and major linguistic features5.1 Similarities 32a, Type of discourse 32b, Register (or Functional style) 32c, Writing style 32d, Linguistic features 33e, Structure...
... witness thereof" appears in most Endings of Conventions. This old form might internationally be a source of confusion because of the meaning of the word "witness". People often blame ... the signature of the Members of the Council of Europe. It shall be ratified. Ratifications shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of Europe. (Articles 59.1 of European Convention ... Nation's Declaration of the Rights of the Child; Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child and Declaration on Social and Legal Principles relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children; The...
... largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting. 6. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years. ... proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice ... freedoms of others. Article 151. States Parties recognize the rights of the child to freedom of association and to freedom of peaceful assembly. 2. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of...
... University of Agriculture *Email: vdhoa@hua.edu.vn Received date: 14.05.2012 Accepted date: 21.09.2012 ABSTRACT The effects of different doses of gamma rays (0, 15, 18, 21 kR) on mutagenic induction ... treatment effect. LD50 is of great significance to determine the sensitivity of different genotypes to the critical dose of mutagens causing 50% lethality. Response analysis based on plant survival ... color (Fig. 6). Table 3. Effect of gamma rays on grain yield components in M1 generation of three soybean cultivars Cultivar Dose of gamma rays Number of pods per plant 1000 seed Weight...