... constantPV)(11)()( 22 1 122 1 121 VPVPVPVPRCTTnCWVV1 2 0lnVVnRTWQ 4 /29 /20 08 2 Chapter XV The First Law of ThermodynamicsĐ1. Heat, work and paths of a thermodynamic process 2.The first law of thermodynamicsĐ3. Kinds of thermodynamic ... reduce the pressureat the constant volume V14 → 2: keep the pressureconstant at p 2 while the gasexpands to the volume V 2 V1 4 /29 /20 08 10 2.The first law of thermodynamics: 2. 1 Internal ... and 2 :VppV1 2 31 2 41 → 3 : keep the pressure constantat p1while the gas expandsto the volume V 2 3 → 2 : reduce the pressure to p 2 atconstant volume V 2 p1V 2 p1p 2 p 2 1 →...
... improves the efficiency. 5/6 /20 08 16For the isothermal reversible expansion from the volume V1to V 2 :1 2 21 12 ln 2 1VVnRVdVnRTdQSSSVV 2 1 2 1 12 TdQdSSSS The ... s-4:111 2 CBVTVT111 2 DAVTVT&1111DCABVVVVDCABVVVV 2 1 2 1 2 1)/ln()/ln(TTVVVVTTQQABDC11 2 2||||TQTQ The ratio ofthe heat rejected and the heat absorbed is just equal to the ratio ofthe temperatures. 5/6 /20 08 15Đ3. Entropy and quantitative formulation of the second ... calculate the efficiency of a Carnotengine: 2 1 2 1 2 12 21||||1||||||TTQQQQQQWeCarnotRemark: The efficiency of Carnot engine depends only on the temperatures of two...
... Road,Cambridge, CB2 2XZ, UKFax: +44 122 3 76 329 6Tel: +44 122 3 763311E-mail: sb419@hutchison-mrc.cam.ac.uk(Received 8 April 20 05, revised 11 May 20 05, accepted 13 May 20 05)doi:10.1111/j.17 42- 4658 .20 05.04768.xReplication ... found in the three domains of life: the Bacteria, the Eukarya and the Archaea. Furthermore, although there aremechanistic parallels, even within a given domain of life, the way origins of replication ... itself both at the level of the immediate chromatin environment ofthe intergenicregion, and also at the level of topological status of the DNA as a result of transcription ofthe adjacent genes.Origins...
... tongues of flame that I refer to. You have the air creeping in over the edge ofthe dish forming these tongues. Why? Because, through the force ofthe current and the irregularity ofthe action of ... so soon as the cold has taken possession ofthe bottles and their contents, hear a pop on the occasion ofthe bursting of the one bottle or the other; and, when we come to examine the bottles, ... in the same way as the vapour, one ofthe products ofthe candle, was condensed against the bottom ofthe dish, and obtained in the form of water; and to shew you how truly and thoroughly these...
... Italian island melted into a glow the hardships described in that earlier literature. With the beauty ofthe island, the companionship ofthe other artists there, and the deepening friend-ship with ... matters, and then gradually they descend further and more particularly into their doctrines.” 48 Haeckel’s respectful detestation ofthe Jesuits would deepen just after the turn ofthe century ... (Courtesy of Ernst-Haeckel-Haus, Jena.)lutionary theory from the second half ofthe nineteenth century through the rst part ofthe twentieth. These controversies concerned internal dis-putes of...
... 11bydirectunion between the —CO— groupsat the end of the spiral and the —NH—groups of the newlyformeddiketopiperazinering. The two hydrogen atoms of the imide groups of the newlyformed diketopiperazinering-will ... absolutelyessentialin the lowest forms of life : The primalforms of life are visualizedascom-posed largely of mineral constituents, suchasfer-roushydroxide. The ability of theseprecursors of 25 peptidesin ... aresimultaneouslypresent,theywillarrangethemselvesaround the axis of the whirlwindin the form of adiketopiperazinering. With the ringheldinthisposition, itcan bereadilyjoinedto the end of the spiral...
... (40.95%) and 42 (8%) of unknown gender.It was the mother who answered the questionnaire in89.5% ofthe sample, it was the father in 4.57% of the sample, and it was someone else in 6 .28 % ofthe sample.Distribution ... quality oflife irrespective of the severity of heart disease [23 ]. This recent result affirmsprevious findings of studies focusing on various dimen-sions of quality oflife [21 ,24 -27 ].As ... 23 .23 34 57.63 25 42. 37Young child (5-7) 49 19 .29 27 55.10 22 44.90Child (8- 12) 73 28 .74 43 58.90 30 41.10Adolescent (13-18) 73 28 .74 44 60 .27 29 39.73All ages 25 4 100.00 148 58 .27 106 41.73Comparison...