categorial and noncategorial languages
Báo cáo khoa học: "CATEGORIAL AND NON-CATEGORIAL LANGUAGES" doc
... categorial ]ar~guages with the context-free languages. Finally, we discuss the linguistic relevance of these results, and compare categorial grammars with TAG systems i, this regard. A categorial ... CATEGORIAL AND NON -CATEGORIAL LANGUAGES Joyce Friedman Ramarathnam Venkatesan ABSTRACT Computer Science Department ... context sensitive languages. Main Theorem A categorial system with rule set R can generate a context-sensitive language if and only if R contains a partial combination rule and a combination...
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Faculty of English and Modern Languages
... and will to face hardships and adversities, and also has the ingenuity and determination to preserve himself and improve on his livelihood by fighting against nature. He is most practical and ... both his present demand and his future concerning. He always had objectives to attain and to better his actual life: a fine place to live in, good and delicious food to eat and to drink, etc. ... reality, the phenomena” land hedging and soil plundering” occurred. Farmers were driven out of their own lands and fields were turned into pastures for sheep-raising and wood-making industries....
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Tài liệu Unit_9: Programs and programming languages pdf
... high-level languages, e.g. FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL,PL/1, PASCAL or BASIC, depending on the type of problem to be solved. A program written in one of these languages is often called a source program, and ... many high-level languages: FORTRAN acronym for FORmula TRANslation. This language is used for solving scientific and mathematical problems. It consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases. ... langauges are APL (developed in 1962) and PASCAL (named after Blaise Pascal and developed in 1971) When a program written in one of these high-level languages is designed to do a specific...
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foreign languages in the labor market of vietnam demands, supplies and recommendation
... the world community and at the same time into the world market. Due to economic, political and social changes, there are definitely new and growing linguistic needs and demands. The move from ... ISBN 978-92-79-06902-4Chandra Shah & Michael Long. (2007). Labour mobility and mutual recognition of skills and qualifications: European Union and Australia/New Zealand. MONASH UNIVERSITY, ... closer at the demand for foreign languages in the context of Vietnam. After that, it will attempt to present the situation of foreign languages learning and teaching in Vietnam and existing foreign...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Modeling Morphologically Rich Languages Using Split Words and Unstructured Dependencies" docx
... into their stem and suffix forms is beneficialwhen the split is performed using a morphologi-cal analyzer and (ii) allowing the model to choosestem and suffix dependencies separately and flex-ibly ... experiment with splitting words intotheir stem and suffix components for mod-eling morphologically rich languages. Weshow that using a morphological ana-lyzer and disambiguator results in a sig-nificant ... rich languages pose a challenge to stan-dard modeling techniques because of their rela-tively large out-of-vocabulary rates and the regu-larities they possess at the sub-word level.The standard...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "NATURAL VS. PRECISE CONCISE LANGUAGES FOR HUMAN OPERATION OF COMPUTERS: RESEARCH ISSUES AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES" doc
... 10) (feedback on failures and successes), recording the history and current status of the problem solving process, and giving the user comprehensible and powerful co,ands. ll) Experimental ... Ministry computers and declared: '~e are computer workers and therefore well placed to know the present and future dangers of computer systems. They are used to classify, control and to repress.") ... the formation of questions or commands. A precise and concise notation may actually help the user in thinking of relevant questions or effective corm"ands. A small number of well defined...
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Báo cáo " Imperialism of communicative language teaching and possible resistance against it from teachers in Vietnam as an English foreign languages context " doc
... levels of proficiency, needs, and interests. Since CLT was introduced, the teacher’s roles have been taken into consideration. Breen and Candlin (cited in Richards and Rodgers (1986) [13]) claim: ... is that of researcher and learner, with much to contribute in terms of appropriate knowledge and abilities, actual and observed experience of the nature of learning and organizational capacities.” ... 1997) requires teachers and students to build a community of learning and teaching where there is no fear of failure and where sharing is for common interests. - Teachers and students VNU Journal...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Metabolomics, modelling and machine learning in systems biology – towards an understanding of the languages of cells potx
... multi-dimensional, and can be described or seen in variousways, including both wet (experimental) and dry (com-putational and theoretical), reductionist and synthetic,qualitative and quantitative, and a ... [38,44]). Figure 2C, D and E highlight the basic and iterative relationsbetween computational models and reality on onehand and between changes in the model that areinvoked and its subsequent ... data (obser-vations) and ideas (hypotheses); theory, computation and experiment; and the iterative assessment of theparameters and variables in such computational mod-els and experiments. The...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Some Comments on Algorithm and Grammar in the Automatic Parsing of Natural Languages" ppt
... functions and design of the executive routine and sub- routines. In this type of parsing program, the function of the executive routine will be to determine what units to look for and where ... separation of grammar and algorithm is considered far from convincing. It does raise a related question, how- ever: If the major separation is not to be that between grammar and algorithm, what ... the grammar as the actual parsing algorithm and to view the remaining portions as forms of input data. 5. Leaving aside the matters of rule format and input data, two further questions can...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Coreference Resolution across Corpora: Languages, Coding Schemes, and Preprocessing Information" pptx
... respectively.• B3(Bagga and Baldwin, 1998). R and P arecomputed for each mention and averaged atthe end. For each mention, the number ofcommon mentions between the true and thesystem entity ... obtain R and P, respectively.• CEAF (Luo, 2005). It finds the best one-to-one alignment between true and system en-tities. Using true mentions and the φ3sim-ilarity function, R and P are ... done for English and usedtwo different types of corpus: MUC (Hirschman and Chinchor, 1997) and ACE (Doddington et al.,2004). A variety of learning-based systems havebeen trained and tested on...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Analysis and Synthesis of the Distribution of Consonants over Languages: A Complex Network Approach" pptx
... the languages and VCis the set of nodeslabeled by the consonants. E is the set of edgesthat run between VL and VC. There is an edge e ∈E between two nodes vl∈ VL and vc∈ VCif and only ... to the fact that languages usu-ally tend to have smaller consonant inventory size,2A random variable is said to have a β-distribution withparameters α > 0 and β > 0 if and only if its ... inventory size from 21 to 25, 30 and 38we neglected the contribution of the languages with consonant inventory size less than n wheren is 15, 20 and 25 respectively and subsequentlyrecorded the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Categorial Fluidity in Chinese and its Implications for Part-of-speech Tagging" pptx
... words and mark them nouns.5 Future Work and ConclusionAt present our tagset covers 14 general lexicalcategories and altogether 43 small categories(sub-classification). Both the tagset and the ... for use in lexicography and other natural language processing tasks. Focuswill also be on a more detailed synchronous and longitudinal study of the verb-noun and other categorial shifts, with ... linguisticphenomenon, as well as for lexicography and natural language processing.In Section 2, we first discuss POS ambiguity and categorial fluidity in Chinese and the diffi-culty thus posed on tagging....
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Translation and Extension of Concepts Across Languages" pdf
... concept acquisition framework (Davi-dov and Rappoport, 2006; Davidov et al., 2007;Davidov and Rappoport, 2008a; Davidov and Rappoport, 2008b) to suit diverse languages, in-cluding ones without ... integrate multilingual queries and docu-ments (Jagarlamudi and Kumaran, 2007). Ourgoal is to develop and evaluate a language-independent method for the translation and exten-sion of lexical categories. ... X.178English→Portuguese:afilhada,afilhado,amigo,av´o,avˆo,bisav´o,bisavˆo,bisneta,bisneto,cˆonjuge,cunhada,cunhado,companheiro,descendente,enteado,filha,filho,irm˜a,irm˜ao,irm˜aos,irm˜as,madrasta,madrinha,m˜ae,marido,mulher,namorada,namorado,neta,neto,noivo,padrasto,pai,papai,parente,prima,primo,sogra,sogro,sobrinha,sobrinho,tia,tio,vizinhoHebrew→French:amant,ami,amie,amis,arri`ere-grand-m`ere,arri`ere-grand-p`ere,beau-fr`ere,beau-parent,beau-p`ere,bebe,belle-fille,belle-m`ere,belle-soeur,b`eb`e,compagnon,concubin,conjoint,cousin,cousine,demi-fr`ere,demi-soeur,´epouse,´epoux,enfant,enfants,famille,femme,fille,fils,foyer,fr`ere,garcon,grand-m`ere,grand-parent,grand-p`ere,grands-parents,maman,mari,m`ere,neveu,ni`ece,oncle,papa,parent,p`ere,petit-enfant,petit-fils,soeur,tanteEnglish→Spanish:abuela,abuelo,amante,amiga,amigo,confidente,bisabuelo,cu˜nada,cu˜nado,c´onyuge,esposa,esposo,esp´ıritu,familia,familiar,hermana,hermano,hija,hijo,hijos,madre,marido,mujer,nieta,nieto,ni˜no,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "COMBINATORY CATEGORIAL RELATIONSHIP TO LINEAR GRAMMARS: GENERATIVE POWER AND CONTEXT-FREE REWRITING SYSTEMS"" pptx
... capacity of parenthesis-free categorial gram- mars. In 11 th Intern. Conf. on Comput. Ling., 1986. [5] J. Friedman and R. Venkatesan. Categorial and Non- Categorial languages. In 24 Ch meeting ... that Combina- tory Categorial Grammars also generates the same class of languages. We discuss the slruclm'al descriptions pro- duced by Combinawry Categorial Grammars and com- pare them ... TAG's, HG's, and LIG's. We prove this by showing in Section 3 that Com- binatory Categorlal Languages (CCL's) are included in Linear Indexed Languages (LIL's), and that Tree...
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- underresourced languages and domains
- programming languages concepts and constructs
- programming languages concepts and constructs ravi sethi pdf
- data types and operators in various programing languages
- faculty of foreign languages literature and linguistics
- faculty of foreign languages and literatures
- faculty of foreign languages and literatures bucharest
- faculty of foreign languages and literature bologna
- faculty of foreign languages and literatures university of tehran
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