c standard template library stack example
Standard Template Library
Ngày tải lên :
12/09/2012, 22:55
... stack
Declarations:
stack& lt;T> s; // uses deque as underlying store
stack& lt;T, underlying_container> t ; //uses the specified
//container as underlying container for stack
Stack& lt;T> ... specified type
Generic algorithms act on objects in
containers
Iterators provide access to objects in the
containers yet hide the internal structure of the
container
Slide 18- 17
Copyright ... Addison-Wesley
More Common Container Members
c. swap(other_container); // swaps contents of
// c and other_container.
c. push_back(item); // appends item to container c
c. begin( ); // returns...
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JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library
Ngày tải lên :
13/09/2012, 11:16
... Types
Thao t c với URL
< ;c: import>
< ;c: param>
< ;c: redirect>
< ;c: param>
< ;c: url>
< ;c: param>
C c m c đích kh c
< ;c: out>
< ;c: catch>
JavaServer ... < ;c: out>
<x:out> chuyển đổi kiểu tập hợp c c node sang
thành String
Giá trị String thu đư c của node đầu tiên trong tập
Giá trị String c a một thành phần là sự ghép nối tất c
c c giá trị chuỗi c a c c ... Pages Standard Tag Library
18
Ví dụ
Ví dụ
< ;c: if>
< ;c: if test="${customer.lastName == ‘Le’}">
${customer}<br>
< /c: if>
< ;c: choose>
< ;c: choose>
< ;c: when...
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Standard Function Library
Ngày tải lên :
05/10/2013, 09:20
... ;;
esac
}
Using Your Library
Once you’ve included a library in your shell scripting environment, all functions it con-
tains become available to your scripts. There are several ways to incorporate ... portable.
CHAPTER 2
■
STANDARD FUNCTION LIBRARY
15
half based on the numeric value of the system name. The cool trick is the use of the sed
command to determine the last character of a string. Once ... location of other executables.
You can see how this script uses the ostype() function covered earlier to determine
your OS and thus the executable path.
13
■ ■ ■
CHAPTER 2
Standard Function Library
A
fter...
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- 1
The New C Standard- P8
Ngày tải lên :
17/10/2013, 19:15
... deemed deerth
-CC- deppress 33 preessed 0
-C- depress pressed
-ancy currancy 27 corractly 0
-ency currency correctly
-al rival 13 livas 2
-el rivel lives
The performance of human memory can be depend ... discussions in this book is that developers implicitly,
and perhaps explicitly, make cost/accuracy trade-offs when working with source code. These trade-offs also
0 cost/accuracy
trade-off
occur ... new in C9 9.
C
++
The C
++
Standard includes the additional keywords:
bool mutable this
catch namespace throw
class new true
const_cast operator try
delete private typeid
dynamic_cast protected...
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- 0
The New C Standard- P9
Ngày tải lên :
20/10/2013, 10:15
... than 00A0 represent characters in the basic
source character set. The exceptions listed enumerate characters that are in the Ascii character set, but not
in the basic source character set. The ranges ... a particular semantic association occurs, but how many times
the particular constant value occurs. The same constant value can appear because of different semantic
associations. A search for ... 842.2: Common token pairs involving floating-constants. Based on the visible form of the .c files.
Token Sequence
% Occurrence
of First Token
% Occurrence of
Second Token
Token Sequence
% Occurrence
of...
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- 0
The New C Standard- P10
Ngày tải lên :
20/10/2013, 10:15
... Allocated objects have no declared type.footnote
73
Commentary
The library functions that create such objects (
malloc
and
calloc
) are declared to return the type pointer to
void.
C9 0
The C9 0 Standard ... fact out.
C
++
The C
++
operator
new
allocates storage for objects. Its usage also specifies the type of the allocated object.
The C library is also included in the C
++
Standard, providing access ... caches to their processors. In some cases there can be an on-chip cache and an
cache 0
off-chip cache, the former being smaller but faster (and more expensive) than the latter.
ã
Processors can...
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The New C Standard- P11
Ngày tải lên :
24/10/2013, 08:15
... newly created object.
1026 function call
recursive
Storage for the unnamed object is created on block entry. Executing a statement containing a compound
1078 EXAMPLE
compound literal
single object
literal ... situations that can cause such usage to
appear in source code: the token sequence may be in automatically generated source code, or the sequence
may occur in developer-written source via arguments ... operator
(representing 0.3% of the occurrences of this operator).
1077
EXAMPLE 7 Since compound literals are unnamed, a single compound literal cannot specify a circularly
linked object. For example, there is...
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The New C Standard- P12
Ngày tải lên :
24/10/2013, 08:15
... percentages are
not listed.
Token Sequence
% Occurrence
of First Token
% Occurrence of
Second Token
Token Sequence
% Occurrence
of First Token
% Occurrence of
Second Token
identifier && 0.4 ... be accessed from storage in C9 9.
C
++
The C
++
Standard explicitly specifies the behavior for creating a composite pointer type (5.9p2) which is
returned in this case.
Coding Guidelines
The coding ... in which
the first two columns are the second and third operands (in either order):
c_ vp c_ ip const void
*
v_ip 0 volatile int
*
c_ ip v_ip const volatile int
*
vp c_ cp const void
*
ip c_ ip const...
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The New C Standard- P13
Ngày tải lên :
28/10/2013, 15:15
... (as a percentage of each
type-qualifier
). Based on
the visible form of the .c files.
Token Sequence
% Occurrence
of First Token
% Occurrence of
Second Token
Token Sequence
% Occurrence
of First ... tag is not used in C
++
, which calls the equivalent construct a class name.
Table 1463.1:
Occurrence of types declared with tag names (as a percentage of all occurrences of each keyword). Based ... the same cache line. The affect
cache 0
may be that assumptions about cache line interaction, made when deciding what machine code to generate,
are no longer true. The performance impact of optimizer...
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The New C Standard- P14
Ngày tải lên :
28/10/2013, 15:15
... associated current object. current object
brace en-
closed initializer
Commentary
This introduces the term current object. This terminology is new in C9 9 and is not commonly used by
developers. Current ... object maps to the object being initialized. Some of this knowledge is encoded in the extensive
examples provided in the Standard.
C9 0
The concept of current object is new in C9 9.
C
++
The concept ... abstract machine is concerned unnamed members are not affected by the
abstract
machine
C
184
initializer in a definition.
C9 0
This was behavior was not explicitly specified in the C9 0 Standard.
C
++
This...
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The New C Standard- P15
Ngày tải lên :
07/11/2013, 09:15
... altering, instructions only. The kinds of instructions that change control flow are: conditional branches CB,
unconditional branches UB, indirect procedure calls IC, procedure calls PC, procedure returns ... a
default
label or
case
constant expressions with values that
duplicate case constant expressions in the enclosing switch statement.)
Commentary
This specification (semantics in a Constraints clause) clarifies ... processor
executes the branch instruction it does not know which location to fetch the next instruction from, a pipeline
stall has occurred. Branch instructions are relatively common, which means...
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