... wall
temperatures.
The ratio multiplier, A
o
/A
i
, is usually omitted for general
process design from the r
i
factor for inside fouling. For thin-
walled (18
—
12 ga) and highly conductive metal tubes, ... Delhi
66131_Ludwig_FM 5/30/2001 4:04 PM Page iii
42 Applied ProcessDesignfor Chemical and Petrochemical Plants
Figure 10-25E. Tubesheet layout for U-tube exchanger. Tube passes: two or four. Tube ... the per-
formance of an exchanger in a specific process service, they
cannot and most likely will not accept responsibility for the
fouling effects on the heat transfer surface. Therefore, the
owner...
... hexadecyl-sulfate,
Biotechnology
for
Industrial
and
Municipal
Wmtes
17
8
Biotechnology
for
Waste and WastewaterTreatment
4
Biotechnology
for
Waste and WastewaterTreatment
Cell material ... are used in biologicaltreatment are
listed in Table
1
along with
the
treatment agents and typical wastes that
are treated.
TABLE
1
METHODS
OF
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Process
Treatment ...
aerobic treatment) . Any one or more
of these transport rates can be the controlling factors that determine the
process efficiency.
Types
of
Biological Processes
Biological treatment processes...
...
BIOTECHNOLOGY
FOR
INDUSTRIAL
AND
MUNICIPAL
WASTES
1
Wastewater Treatment
3
BOD
Removal
5
Types
of
Biological Processes
5
Municipal Wastewater
6
Activated Sludge Process
...
aerobic treatment) . Any one or more
of these transport rates can be the controlling factors that determine the
process efficiency.
Types
of
Biological Processes
Biological treatment processes ...
suspension or motion.
Content
8
Biotechnology
for
Waste and WastewaterTreatment
Content
Content
34
Biotechnology
for
Waste and WastewaterTreatment
Suspended
Growth
Systems
Suspended-growth...
... were written
for
engineers
on the
design team,
the
process
hazard analysis team,
and the
people
who
make
the
basic decisions
on
plant
design.
Engineering design
for
process
safety
... 535
Table
17-5 Combustible-Dependent Constants
for
Low-Strength Enclosures
552
Guidelines
for
Engineering
Design
for
Process
Safety
CENTER
FOR
CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY
of
the
AMERICAN
INSTITUTE
... for
Different
Process Equipment
119
Table
4-2
Basic Considerations
for All
Fired Equipment
132
Table
4-3
Process Vessels: Special Material Concerns
136
Table
4-4
Checklist
for
Design
...
... of
protection—the
process
design.
The
best
first
line
of
defense
is to
design
a
process
in
which hazardous incidents cannot
happen.
If
such
a
process
can be
designed,
or if
... suggestions
for
future
development.
Chemistry
of
side reactions
and
by-products
may
also
offer
opportunities
for
increasing
the
inherent
safety
of a
process.
For
example,
a
process
... sulfuric
acid)
for
sulfona-
tion reactions
If
a
chemical
process
requires the
concentrated
form
of a
material,
it may
be
feasible
to
store
it as a
more dilute
form
and
concentrate
...
... median period of pain relief being 5 months.
The range of relief for the radiofrequency group was
from zero days to 16 months for all 26 patients who
underwent the radiofrequency procedure. ... patients reported significant pain improvement
for at least 36 months postoperatively. This durable
effect is particularly promising, given the propensity
for facet joint pain to return following ...
re-innervating the joint.
In this study we investigate the long-term effi-
cacy of facet debridement for the treatment of chronic
back pain originating in the facet joint.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patient...
... International Publisher. All rights reserved
Research Paper
Endoscopic thoracic laminoforaminoplasty for the treatment of thoracic
radiculopathy: report of 12 cases
Scott M.W. Haufe
1,2
, ... efficacious
intervention for thoracic stenosis, whether central or foraminal, refractory to conservative
management is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic laminoforamino-
plasty ... or foraminal stenosis treated with endoscopic
laminoforaminoplasty via a small incision, of less than
one inch.
Materials and Methods
Twelve patients were treated with endoscopic
laminoforaminoplasty...
... the joint design has a better performance than the
various separate design schemes. Furthermore, the joint source precoder, relay for-
warding matrix and destination equalizer designfor dual ... of cooperative protocols: amplify-and-
forward (AF), decode-and-forward (DF) and compress-and-forward (CF). For AF
strategy, the relay only amplifies and forwards the received signal from the source
to ... 14, 29].
In terms of transceiver design minimizing MSE, for dual-hop AF MIMO relay
systems with single relay, the optimal closed-form solution for joint optimal for-
warding and equalizer matrices...
... Upstream DesignFor Six Sigma 30
2.9 Summary 31
3. Introduction to Service Designfor Six Sigma (DFSS) 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Why Use Service Designfor Six Sigma? 34
3.3 What Is Service DesignFor ... (FMEA)
development Designfor serviceability
Simulation/optimization
Design scorecard
4. Preliminary designDesign parameters with Design mapping (process and
detailed specification functional mappings)
Design ... targets for reliability, Creativity tools: TRIZ and
quality, processability, axiomatic design
and ease of use FMEA
Pugh concept selection
Robust design
Design reviews
Process managemnt
5. Design...
... MODEL FORMULATION
MODEL APPLICATION
MODEL PROCESSINGMODEL VALIDATION
Problem
Conceptualization
Model Formulation
Model Application
Model Processing
Model Validation
Summary of
Research Design
The ... examples. Forums for idea exchange, ad hoc
interest groups formed to discuss some topical issue, and industrial advisory boards are
further example [14].
Analogous relationships often form between ... Industry-GRI linkage 54
ix
4.2 AHP Model Formulation 16
4.3 The AHP Model for Overall Linkage 17
Figure I.3 : Hierarchy for overall linkage 18
4.4 The AHP Model for Individual Linkage 18
Figure I.4...