... %f indicates the number is floating-point data. In addition, the formatted I/O
functions also recognize %d for decimal integers, %x for hexadecimals, %c for characters,
and %s for character strings.
The ... PROGRAMMING FOR DSP APPLICATIONS
Appendix C
Introduction of
C Programming for
DSP Applications
C has become the language of choice for many DSP software developments not only
because of its powerful commands ... example. C compiler translates high-level
C programs into machine language that can be executed by computers or DSP proces-
sors such as the TMS32 0C5 5x. The fact that C compilers are available for...
... và năng l c th c thi nhiệm vụ cho c n
bộ c ng ch c có liên quan.
Năm là, cc cơ quan c liên quan c n tiếp
t c tổ ch c tập huấn, đào tạo cho c n bộ, c ng
ch c có liên quan c a cc cấp chính quyền ... (7+8/2007)
đ- c th c hiện tích cc trên c n- c, từ
Trung -ơng đến địa ph-ơng; và đà đạt đ- c
một số kết quả tích c c, góp phần vào phát
triển chung c a nền kinh tế. C thể điểm
qua một số cc t c động tích ... dự án c vốn đầu t- n- c ngoài c ng
ch-a đ- c ban hành ho c chỉ dẫn c thể.
(iii) Lĩnh v c đầu t- c điều kiện c n quy
định quá chung; và ch-a c h-ớng dẫn c
thể về điều kiện đối với cc dự án...
... Abstract Base Class Employee 342
12.5.2 Creating Concrete Derived Class SalariedEmployee 345
12.5.3 Creating Concrete Derived Class HourlyEmployee 346
12.5.4 Creating Concrete Derived Class CommissionEmployee ... existing classes. Chapter 12 presents the crucial concepts
of polymorphism, abstract classes, concrete classes and interfaces, all of which fa-
cilitate powerful manipulations among objects in ... introduces how to
create classes and objects. These concepts are extended in Chapter 10. Chapter 11
discusses how to create powerful new classes quickly by using inheritance to “ab-
sorb” the capabilities...
... 0-cells, each
being paired with a copy of
the shorter-frame operand
cell:
abc d
abc e
abc f
abc g
The operation dyad , is
performed on each pair of
cells:
abcd abce abcf abcg ... quotes for characters and double quotes for strings.
J uses only single quotes for defining character constants (the " character is a primitive in
its own right). If exactly one character ... number or character is called an atom (object of basic type) which is said
to have the type numeric or character as appropriate. (Actually, there are types other than
number and character, including...
... instances
strctev3.cpp Polymorphism and constructors
strctev4.cpp Efficient constructors
static1.cpp Static data in a class
static2.cpp More static data in a class
strctev5.cpp Error checking in the constructor
strctev6.cpp ... constructor
strctev6.cpp Softer error checking in the constructor
strctev7.cpp Multiple polymorphic constructors
strctev8.cpp Polymorphism in a class
strctev9.cpp External routines used by a class
destrct1.cpp ... class
destrct1.cpp Simple constructors and destructors
destrct2.cpp Multiple scopes and when things are destructed
destrct3.cpp Arrays of objects being constructured and destructed
destrct4.cpp Pointers...
... 6
2 Classes, Objects, and Namespaces 9
2.1 Classes and Objects 10
2.1.1 Declaring Classes 10
2.1.2 Creating Objects 11
2.2 Access Modifiers 12
2.2.1 Controlling Access to Classes 12
2.2.2 Controlling ... Champlain
mdec@DeepObjectKnowledge.com
Brian G. Patrick
bpatrick@trentu.ca
2 Chapter 1: Introducing C# and .NET
■
In addition to being syntactically familiar, C# is strongly typed, architecturally
neutral, ... implemented, compiled,
and executed as a collection of compilation units.
9
10 Chapter 2: Classes, Objects, and Namespaces
■
2.1 Classes and Objects
A class is an abstraction that represents the common...
... below, one forC (Compilers .C) and another
for C# (Compilers.Csharp), can own (and access) different classes with the same name.
Therefore, Lexer and Parser for the C compiler are accessed without ... are associated with the namespaces Compilers .C and Compilers.Csharp,
respectively:
namespace Compilers .C {
class Lexer { }
class Parser { }
}
namespace Compilers.Csharp {
class Lexer { }
class ... System.Collections; // To access ArrayList class.
2
3 namespace Co {
4 namespace System {
5 namespace Collections {
6 public class OurList { /* */ }
7 //
8}
9}
10 namespace Project {
11 public class...
... }
static void IncR(ref Counter c) {
c = new Counter();
c. Inc();
Console.Write("cR = {0} ", c. GetCount());
}
static void IncV(Counter c) {
c = new Counter();
c. Inc();
Console.Write("cV ... on Constructor/Destructor Chaining
Objects are built from the top down. A constructor of a derived class calls a constructor
of its base class, which in turn calls a constructor of its superclass, ... several BoundedCounter constructors can be implemented
by reusing the Counter class constructors. Each of the two BoundedCounter constructors
explicitly creates an instance of Counter by calling the...
... Object Root Class 67
return value and reference objects:
class Stack {
public object pop() { }
public void push(object o) { }
}
4.6 The Object Root Class
Before tackling the object root class, ... int capacity)
■
4.6 The Object Root Class 69
protected object MemberwiseClone();
// Static Methods
public static bool Equals(Object a, Object b);
public static bool ReferenceEquals(Object a, ... Implicit upcast.
8 o = (object)s; // Explicit upcast (not necessary).
9 s = (string)o; // Explicit downcast (necessary).
10 d = (double)o; // Explicit downcast (syntactically correct) but
64 Chapter...
... within a method are to be checked/unchecked for overflow, then
the checked or unchecked operator can be applied to a block of statements as shown
here:
public sbyte I() {
unchecked {
// Other statements ...
100 Chapter 5: Operators, Assignments, and Expressions
■
it is equivalent to explicitly turning off all overflow checking:
csc /checked- TestChecked.cs
Running this program will (incorrectly) ... ")" .
CheckedStmt = "checked" "{" statement+ "}" .
UncheckedExpr = "unchecked" "(" expression ")" .
UncheckedStmt = "unchecked"...
... .
AccessorDecls = ( GetAccessorDecl SetAccessorDecl? )
| ( SetAccessorDecl GetAccessorDecl? ) .
GetAccessorDecl = Attributes? AccessorModifier? "get" AccessorBody .
SetAccessorDecl ... the
interface ICounter, like all interfaces, does not specify an access modifier for its members.
They are always implicitly public. Therefore, the property Count in ICounter has public
access.
7.5.3 Declaring ... the abstract class ACountable:
abstract class ACountable {
public abstract bool Tick();
}
The ICountable interface prescribes common behavior for all subclasses that inherit from
it. Once implemented...
... // Constructor with a specific initial capacity.
Stack() // Default constructor with initial capacity 10.
Stack(ICollection) // Copy constructor from a specific collection.
Stack(int) // Constructor ... Constructor with a specific initial capacity.
Queue() // Default constructor with initial capacity 32.
Queue(ICollection) // Copy constructor from a specific collection.
Queue(int) // Constructor ... item at a specified index, respectively.
Constructors
Like all classes, instances of collections are created using constructors. Concrete collec-
tions have several constructors that typically fall...