basic architecture software for mac
An evaluation of the material “basic english iii” for the second year non- english major students at bac giang teachers’ training college
... partly meet the requirements for the types of tasks/ exercises for language points.The tasks for reading included in the material were various with different types. For example, reading the text ... practice these sub-skills. Concerning the sub-skill of asking for information, 37.5% teachers agreed that students were required to ask for information, while 62.5% of them disagreed. This proves that ... effective method to collect the data for the study. As Robinson (1991: 71) said it can provide useful information and “form an essential part of the data for an evaluation exercise”. In this...
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Tài liệu Asian 2003 Software for the Next Generation Information System Tool docx
... GuideChapter 1: General Information1: General InformationIntroductionAsian 2003 is a software program for the Next Generation Information System (NGIS) tool. With the software installed in the ... enter new information for a vehicle, go to step 4 and then step 6.ãTo reuse saved information for a vehicle already tested go to step 5 and then step 6.4 To enter new information for a vehicle, ... (see Figure 3.2 on page 16). 4 Software DescriptionAsian 2003 User Guide Software Description Software InstallationBefore using the Asian 2003 software, the software must be installed in the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation" doc
... client then calls the servers for pa-rameters to perform synchronous multi-stack search for each sentence to get the N-best list parse trees.Again, the expected count for a particular parameterof ... language models for statistical machine transla-tion. MT Summit IX., Intl. Assoc. for Machine Trans-lation.C. Chelba and F. Jelinek. 1998. Exploiting syntacticstructure for language modeling. The ... Distributed architecture is essentially a MapRe-duce paradigm: clients store partitioned data and per-form E-step: compute expected counts, this is Map;servers store parameters (counts) for M-step...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Quadratic-Time Dependency Parsing for Machine Translation" pdf
... models in machine translation. InProc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 858–867.P. Chang, M. Galley, and C. Manning. 2008. Optimiz-ing Chinese word segmentation for machine transla-tion performance. ... 2004. A smor-gasbord of features for statistical machine transla-tion. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL.F. Och. 2003. Minimum error rate training for statisti-cal machine translation. In Proc. of ... Chinesesyntactic reordering for statistical machine transla-tion. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 737–745.D. Wu. 1996. A polynomial-time algorithm for statis-tical machine translation. In Proc....
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Hand-held Scanner and Translation Software for non-Native Readers" docx
... chain,it is relatively easy for the system to identify theverb-object collocation break-record.5 ConclusionDemand for terminological tools for readers ofmaterial in a foreign language, either ... L stands for the possibly empty list of leftconstituents, X for the (possibly empty) head ofthe phrase and R for the (possibly empty) listof right constituents. The possible values for Xare ... position the cursor on thespecific word for which help is requested, ornavigate word by word in the sentence.ã For each word, the system retrieves from thetagged information the relevant lexeme andconsults...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine Translation" pdf
... Association for Computational LinguisticsA Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine TranslationPi-Chuan Chang∗Computer Science DepartmentStanford UniversityStanford, CA 94305pichuan@stanford.eduKristina ... model for machinetranslation which makes use of both syntactic andsurface information.The framework for our statistical model is as fol-lows. We assume the existence of a dependency tree for ... error were 4% for Per-mutations and 2% for TargetProjective, computed onreference sentences.We compare the performance in BLEU of ordersselected from both spaces. We evaluate the perfor-mance...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation" doc
... integer variable for each pair of hotels Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine TranslationUlrich Germann , Michael Jahr , Kevin Knight , Daniel Marcu , and Kenji YamadaInformation Sciences ... Computer ScienceUniversity of Southern California Stanford University4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 1001 Stanford, CA 94305Marina del Rey, CA 90292 jahr@cs.stanford.edugermann,knight,marcu,kyamada @isi.eduAbstractA ... before returningto the start.how to express MT decoding (Model 4 plus En-glish bigrams) in IP format.We first create a salesman graph like the onein Figure 3. To do this, we set up a city for...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Phrase-Based Backoff Models for Machine Translation of Highly Inflected Languages" docx
... significant almostall training conditions for both languages; BLEUimprovements are significant in all conditions for Finnish and for the two smallest training sets for German. The effect on the overall ... applied before training and after gener-ating the output in the target language. Normaliza-tion of English/German inflectional morphologyto base forms for the purpose of word alignment isperformed ... (Zitouni et al., 2003) for languagemodeling and by (Gildea, 2001) for semantic rolelabeling. (Resnik et al., 2001) used backoff trans-lation lexicons for cross-language information re-trieval....
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Resolution for Machine Translation of Telegraphic Messages" docx
... issue in machine translation. In this paper we describe a technical solution for the issue, and reSent the performance evaluation of a machine trans- tion system on telegraphic messages before ... most likely tag for each word is assigned, contextual transformations are used to improve the accuracy. We have evaluated the tagger performance on the TEST Data both before and after training ... experiment. For this experiment, the subjects were asked to study a number of MUC- II sentences, and create about 20 MUC-II-like sentences. These 121 Ambiguity Resolution for Machine Translation...
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Basic Accounting Supplement for Using Simply Accounting Version 8.0 for Windows pdf
... Accounting Transactions 13 Basic AccountingSupplement for Using Simply Accounting Version 8.0 for WindowsbyM. Purbhoo and D. Purbhoo Basic Accounting Supplement for Using Simply Accounting ... deal, because of thispotential for bias. Basic Accounting Supplement for Using Simply Accounting Version 8 Page 3 of 13Purbhoo & PurbhooACCOUNTING THEORY Basic AccountingAccounting is ... such as annual statements to shareholders, income statements for income taxpurposes and for normal business decisions, etc. This need for reporting changes regularly createsthe need to measure...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Research Methodology for Machine Translation" pptx
... 10 Edmundson and Hays Word: a form that represents a set of forms differing only in inflection. For example, "great" and "greater" are forms of the same word, while "great* ... used here was designed for convenient machine printing. 2. H.P. Edmundson, D.G. Hays, E.K.Renner, and R.I.Sutton, "Studies in Machine Translation — 4: Manual for Pre-editing Russian ... marks before and after the occurrence, and the Russian form of the oc- currence. In order to record all of the information needed in translation and analysis, two cards are required for each...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Modeling of Extraction Sets for Machine Translation" pptx
... Association for Computational LinguisticsDiscriminative Modeling of Extraction Sets for Machine TranslationJohn DeNero and Dan KleinComputer Science DivisionUniversity of California, Berkeley{denero,klein}@cs.berkeley.eduAbstractWe ... model outperforms both un-supervised and supervised word aligners at pre-dicting word alignments and extraction sets. Wealso demonstrate that extraction sets are useful for end-to-end machine ... are useful for training alignment models (Fraser and Marcu,2006; Fraser and Marcu, 2007). The ITG gram-mar formalism, the corresponding word alignmentclass, and inference procedures for the class...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "M AX S IM: A Maximum Similarity Metric for Machine Translation Evaluation" doc
... Semantic Roles(Gimenez and Marquez, 2007) proposed usingdeeper linguistic information to evaluate MT per-formance. For evaluation in the ACL-07 MT work-shop, the authors used the metric which ... overlaps SR-Or-t for all the different se-mantic roles t that are found in the system and ref-erence translation sentence. A uniform average ofthe counts is then taken as the score for the sen-tence ... sentences for Europarl and 2,007 English sentences for NewsCommentary) and their translations in various lan-guages. As part of the workshop, correlations ofthe automatic metrics were measured for...
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