basal ganglia—control of movement
Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 1 pps
... (Germany) List of Contributors VIII Preface Each of us performs thousands of eye movements every day without being aware of how the brain controls them The oculomotor system is one of the best understood ... during natural head movements, the VOR is of uttermost importance In this sense, the VOR is the basic machinery of all eye movements, providing a foundation on which other eye movements operate ... to the sensorimotor control of eye movements, discussing first properties of eye muscles, then their sensory receptors, the central connections of different types of extraocular motoneurons,...
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Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 3 ppt
... movements represent an example of the sensory guidance of movements that has contributed significantly to our understanding of some of the general principles underlying the sensory guidance of ... that the elicited eye movements are closely aligned with the direction of the offending canal With this proof that also in humans eye movements are produced in the plane of the stimulated SCC, ... accounts for most of the caloric response [37] Warm irrigation of the ear causes excitation of the lateral SCC and thus induces slow movement of the eyes away from the side of irrigation with...
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Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 4 doc
... area The features of these three types of neurons are reminiscent of the neurons in the SC, from which some of the input of the NRTP is derived However, unlike movement fields of saccade neurons ... under the control of an inhibitory projection coming from the caudate nucleus (CN) One of the main functions of the basal ganglia in the control of saccades seems to be the avoidance of unwanted saccades ... Takikawa Y, Kawagoe R: Role of the basal ganglia in the control of purposive saccadic eye movements Physiol Rev 2000;80:953–978 Hikosaka O, Wurtz RH: Modification of saccadic eye movements by GABA-related...
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Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 5 docx
... Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2000, pp 303–328 Ilg UJ, Hoffmann KP: Responses of neurons of the nucleus of the optic tract and the dorsal terminal nucleus of the ... role of striate cortex in the guidance of eye movements in the monkey J Neurosci 1987;7:3040–3058 Maunsell JHR, Van Essen DC: Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of ... direction (due to the third harmonic) of the movement of the general stimulus pattern [27] Longer interstimulus intervals can reverse the direction of the OFR [27] These findings support the hypothesis...
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Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 6 pdf
... maintenance of fixation This, in turn, leads to further Disconjugate Eye Movements 101 upward movement of the covered eye and, at the same time, to a reduction of the cyclovertical component of the ... tilt of the rotation axis of the covered eye during head oscillation about the naso-occipital axis [137] This ‘convergence’ of ocular rotation axes is the result of decreased force by the SO of ... our understanding of the supranuclear control of eyelid function Moreover, several lines of evidence indicate a strong interaction between the neural control of eyelid and eye movements Therefore,...
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Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 7 docx
... Clinical Application of Lid Movements Blinks and the Initiation of Eye Movements Under certain circumstances, blinks might slow eye movements down, speed them up, or elicit specific eye movements Patients ... rather to changes of the activity of OPNs or to visual suppression [65] The activity of 50% of the OPNs is decreased during ongoing smooth pursuit [88] Electrical stimulation of the OPN area during ... the eye movement [146] Disorders of eyelid-eye coordination occur when lid saccades are impaired but eye saccades preserved Involuntary lid movement without accompanying vertical eye movement, ...
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Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 9 pptx
... biomechanics of the eye Subsequently, models of the neural velocity-toposition integrator, which is common to all types of eye movements, are considered Finally, models of the various types of eye movements ... pathological eye movements often allows the topological diagnosis of the lesion causing the abnormalities Despite our extensive knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of eye movements, very little ... function for on-line motor control of rapid movements The most recent of these models [50] proposes that the role of the cerebellum goes beyond controlling eye movement in that the cerebellum is...
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Neuronal Control of Eye Movements - part 10 ppt
... fourth each of cases of downbeat nystagmus [30, 34] Treatment Since a loss of inhibitory cerebellar influence on the vestibular nuclei is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of downbeat ... side of the affected canal [11, 91] h-BPPV was reported to occur in about 12% of a series of 300 patients [91] BPPV of the anterior vertical canal probably occurs much more seldom than that of ... or jerk oscillation around the line of gaze A half-cycle consists of elevation and intorsion of one eye with synchronous Straube 182 depression and extorsion of the other eye [6, 47] During the...
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Báo cáo y học: "Thioglycosides as inhibitors of hSGLT1 and hSGLT2: Potential therapeutic agents for the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes"
... notion of using SGLT inhibitors as a means to control circulating levels of glucose The selective inhibition of hSGLT2 by thioglycoside I, which is responsible for most of the reabsorption of glucose ... used to determine the amount of ATP in mg of protein measured from the number of cells per well After 24 h, the microtiter plate was taken for scintillation counting of radioactive [14C]AMG using ... comparison of SGLT1 and SGLT3 The Journal of Membrane Biology 2000; 176: 111-117 44 Santer R, Kinner M, Lassen CL, et al Molecular analysis of the SGLT2 gene in patients with renal glucosuria Journal of...
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Báo cáo y học: "Foundation for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Budapest, Hungary"
... birth In Hungary 25.2% of congenital abnormalities were prevented by these methods Previously the selective abortion, i.e termination of pregnancy after the prenatal diagnosis of severe fetal defects ... Hungary about 20% of major congenital abnormalities (8.7% in the total group) were terminated after the prenatal diagnosis of defects Tertiary prevention: complete recovery of congenital abnormalities ... for their prevention Conflict of interest The author has declared that no conflict of interest exists References Czeizel AE, Intődy Z, Modell B What proportion of congenital abnormalities can...
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Control of Membrane Fouling by Coagulant and Coagulant Aid Addition in Membrane Bioreactor Systems
... the schematic diagram of a typical laboratory-scale MBR experiment Each reactor was made of plexiglass and had a designed working volume of 10 L A flat sheet membrane made of chlorinated polyethylene ... 10 L/day with 1,000 mg/L of biological oxygen demand (BOD), 50 mg/L of nitrogen and 25 mg/L of phosphorus The experiments were conducted at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 33 days and the hydraulic ... due to the performance of membrane filter and the biological degradation process of activated sludge in MBR and there was no significant difference among runs TMP profiles of MBR experiments with...
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Development of DMC controllers for temperature control of a room deploying the displacement ventilation HVAC system
... dimensions of the room are 12 ft x 12 ft x 9.5 ft with a surface are of 804 ft² and volume of 1368 ft3.The inlet vents on floor of the room are 6"×9" in cross-section, which gives an area of 2.25ft² ... International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 4, Issue 3, 2013, pp.415-426 Output of the process Step input r(t) Performance of G1(z) -0.2 Performance of G2(z) Performance of G3(z) -0.6 ... the University of Alberta, Canada Since November 2004, he has been with Harbin Institute of Technology, where he is currently a Professor and director of the Research Institute of Intelligent...
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BIOS Takes Control of the UHCI Host Controller
... of frame time are contained in Chapter of the USB Specification How the Microsoft host controller driver uses the SOF MODIFY register When the Microsoft host controller driver takes control of ... of frame time are contained in Chapter of the USB Specification How the Microsoft host controller driver uses the SOF MODIFY register When the Microsoft host controller driver takes control of ... example sequence of events that involves handoff of the host controller in both directions is shown in Figure Figure Example sequence of events in handoff of the host controller The time line in Figure...
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The Potential of Biofumigants as Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for the Control of Pest Infestation in Grain and Dry Food Products
... of all oils tested The main component of one of the oils is pulegone The other is not yet identified and it is called SEM76 (Shaaya and Kostyukovsky, 2006) In our study of the mode of action of ... because of the pesticidal properties of these chemicals (Fenwick at al., 1983) and because of the potential use of methyl ITC as fumigant for wheat (Ducom, 1994) In our study on the rates of sorption ... and exposure time of h were enough to get 100% kill For larvae of Tribolium and Trogoderma, a higher concentration of 2.5 μL·L−1 air and exposure time of h were needed The pupae of these three insect...
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Alternative Processing Technologies for the Control of Spoilage Bacteria in Fruit Juices and Beverages
... involves the use of mercury lamps, which generate 90% of their energy at a wavelength of 253.7 nanometers Exposure of bacteria to UV results in cross-linking of the thymine dimers of the DNA in ... 2001.6,7 CONTROL OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION Microbial contamination of fruit can occur at all stages of growth, harvesting, storage, and processing The surfaces of fresh fruits are often contaminated ... reduce microbial contamination of juice, many experts believe that the use of a kill step such as pasteurization rather than prevention of contamination is the best means of eliminating E coli O157:H7...
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Control of Cell Proliferation and Growth byMyc Proteins
... the balance of expression of members of the Myc/Max/Mad network of proteins (see Fig 1) may dictate the response to loss of Myc (Walker et al 2005) In mice, the effects of deletion of the c-myc ... arrest upon cre-mediated excision of c-myc (de Alboran et al 2001) Importantly, deletion of the mnt gene, which encodes a member of the Mad family of antagonists of Myc, restores proliferation to ... dramatic loss of proliferative capacity of such cells (Knoepfler et al 2002) As long as questions of redundancy between different members of the myc gene family and compensation by loss of antagonists...
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Electronics - Digital Control of Switching Power Supply
... operation, and flexibility In this article, several implementation aspects of digital control of power factor correction (PFC) stage of SMPS are explored 16-bit fixed point DSP, TMS320LF2407, is evaluated ... processing of signal, thus allowing very high bandwidth It also gives infinite resolution of the signal measured Analog control, however, also posses some drawbacks such as a number of parts required ... variations, and fewer part counts [2] It also reduces the size of the power supply by containing the complexity of control system within the software Therefore, since digital control is much flexible...
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Intrathecal baclofen for the control of spinal and supraspinal spasticity
... baclofen, like orally administered baclofen, is not metabolized but is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine Pharmacokinetics of intrathecal baclofen Baclofen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Baclofen ... significant benefits of ITB on some dimensions of There are still relatively few studies of the cost– benefit impact of ITB One retrospective review of 17 published studies, including a total of 324 patients ... risk of low-pressure headache An initial intrathecal trial dose of 25 or 50 μg of baclofen is used The smaller initial trial dose should be used if the patient is not on oral baclofen, in case of...
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