azt 3tc idv treatment initiated before viremia peak results in partial control of viral dissemination and replication in tissues
Báo cáo y học: "Comparative biochemical analysis of recombinant reverse transcriptase enzymes of HIV-1 subtype B and subtype " ppt
... (diphosphate for tenofovir), which bind to the active site of RT, acting as competitive inhibitors of RT and interfering with the addition of incoming nucleosides to growing viral DNA chains The NNRTIs ... Glaxo-SmithKline Inc Etravirine (ETR) was a gift of Tibotec Inc Efaverenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) were obtained from BristolMyers Squibb Inc and Boehringer Ingelheim Inc, respectively Recombinant ... analysis of recombinant HIV-1 subtype B and subtype C RTs The processivity of a polymerase is defined as the number of nucleotides incorporated in a single round of binding, elongation, and dissociation...
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Báo cáo Y học: The processivity and fidelity of DNA synthesis exhibited by the reverse transcriptase of bovine leukemia virus pot
... the ability of BLV RT to misincorporate nucleotides at the 3¢ end of the growing DNA strand and the further extending of the preformed mismatches) MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant RTs and DNA polymerase ... of either BLV RT, HIV-1 RT or MLV RT in the presence of mM of a single incorrect dNTP (i.e C, G, or A) or lM of the correct dNTP (dTTP) as described in Materials and methods The level of misinsertion ... be potent inhibitors of other RTs such as that of HIV [12] In the present study we have extended the investigation of BLV RT by an in vitro analysis of the processivity and the fidelity of DNA synthesis...
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the nitro group in organic synthesis 2001 by noboru ono
... transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including uploading, downloading, printing, decompiling, recording or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the ... that were prominent in organic synthesis In fact they have been extensively used as precursors of aromatic amines and their derivatives, and their great importance in industrial and laboratory ... (ortho to para) and avoidance of excess acids to minimize waste The use of solid acid catalysts is potentially attractive because of the ease of removal and recycling of the catalyst and the possibility...
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Báo cáo y học: "Protein synthesis molecule by molecule" pot
... to determine the number of molecules of enzyme in each cell, distinguishing one from two from three, and so on, by inspecting the slope of product accumulation versus time Broadly speaking, http://genomebiology.com/2006/7/6/221 ... system with this kind of accuracy The interesting and significant result comes from measurements of the kinetics of protein production Yu et al [11] found that synthesis occurred in bursts, with ... is a tetramer, and thus the appearance of activity is once removed from the synthesis of individual protein chains, is not taken into account in this simplified description It is instructive to...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Kinetics of dextran-independent a-(1 fi 3)-glucan synthesis by Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase I pdf
... of dextran-independent insoluble glucan formation and examined the enzyme kinetic properties of the nigerooligosaccharide acceptor reaction by using GBd-deficient GTF-I (GS) and GTF-I containing ... activity of GSGB and GS, respectively In the initial phase ( 60 min), the concentration of fructose increased (open squares in Fig 3) and the concentration of released glucose was lower than that of ... properties of GTF and the time course of saccharide production Owing to GTF’s kinetic property of improving activity in the presence of nigerooligosaccharides with increasing DPs, intermediate nigerooligosaccharides...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Enzymatic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of anabolic pyruvate synthesis by pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus doc
... characterization of enzymes that transfer electrons to ferredoxins in vivo is of particular importance for the improvement of this coupled assay and also with respect to obtaining a deeper understanding of ... Fd1 and acetylCoA, the HE-TPP radical intermediate was formed (Figs 3F and 4B), indicating the intermediacy of the HE-TPP radical in both the oxidative and reductive reactions The results obtained ... Fig 3A was < 10% that of the [4Fe-4S]1+ clusters in Fig 3B (determined by comparing the double integrals of the EPR spectra), indicating that a substoichiometric amount of the [3Fe-4S] cluster...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Interferon-a induces sensitization of cells to inhibition of protein synthesis by tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ppt
... examined whether caspase-8, which is activated following the binding of TRAIL to its receptors and the formation of the death-inducing signalling complex [30], is required for the inhibition of ... IFN treatment (triangles) The arrows indicate the concentrations of TRAIL producing 50% inhibition of protein synthesis 3700 Fig Effects of zIETD.FMK on TRAIL-induced inhibition of protein synthesis ... processing of the basal and elevated amounts of procaspase-8 in both control and IFN-treated cells and there was an approximately two-fold increase in the amount of the p18 large subunit of active...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Stimulation of poly(A) synthesis by Escherichia coli poly(A)polymerase I is correlated with Hfq binding to poly(A) tails ppt
... series of gel-shift experiments in order to generate a hierarchy of Hfq 456 binding efficiency to these different RNAs harboring internal or 3¢ terminal presumptive binding sites Interestingly, ... mRNA (5¢rpsO) Examination of its secondary structure reveals a bulge loop containing a UUUUAAAAUGU sequence and an 11 nucleotide long linker containing Us and As [36] It is interesting that this ... this case, has an inhibitory effect on binding of poly(A) by PNPase In contrast, an interaction between Hfq and PNPase would be expected to inhibit both initiation and elongation of the tail FEBS...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Dinucleoside polyphosphates stimulate the primer independent synthesis of poly(A) catalyzed by yeast poly(A) polymerase ppt
... the following apparent preferences: comparing dinucleotides with the same number of inner phosphates, guanine dinucleotides are more active than adenine dinucleotides and, adenine dinucleotides ... taken and analyzed by HPLC as indicated in Materials and methods Relative activity of GpnGs as effectors of the synthesis of poly(A) Based on the above results, the effect of several diguanosine ... Formation of poly(A) (spots at the origin) was clearly seen in the samples containing dinucleotides, but scarcely visible in the control reaction (with enzyme and without GpnG) carried out in duplicate...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Phosphatidylinositol synthesis and exchange of the inositol head are catalysed by the single phosphatidylinositol synthase 1 from Arabidopsis docx
... extracted and the amount of labelled PtdIns was determined (Table 1) In the absence of CMP, the presence of AtPIS1 allows the incorporation of labelled inositol into PtdIns, according to the ... extractions as in Bligh & Dyer [16] Radioactivity was measured in the lower chloroform and upper aqueous phases In the absence of CMP and in both +PIS and –PIS strains, a release of label in the aqueous ... medium and inositol (Fig 1C) or M9 medium lacking inositol (Fig 1D) were incubated in conditions of exchange in the presence of PtdIns isolated from soybean The radio-HPLC elution profile of PtdIns...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Heterologous synthesis of cytochrome c¢ by Escherichia coli is not dependent on the System I cytochrome c biogenesis machinery ppt
... PHCP and PH c552 proteins were heterologously synthesized in the periplasm of E coli JCB387 cells (Fig 4) Judging from the staining intensity, the level of production of the PHCP protein in the ... expression in various E coli strains by means of heme-specific staining of SDS ⁄ PAGE gels On such gels, when stained materials are observed at positions coinciding with those of PHCP and PH c552, ... c¢ [14] In addition, the a-band in the pyridine hemochrome spectrum of reduced PHCP corresponded to 550 nm, which is indicative of the covalent bonding of heme vinyl groups to the protein via...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Iron regulatory protein-independent regulation of ferritin synthesis by nitrogen monoxide pot
... the degradation of IRP2 associated with an increase of ferritin synthesis [20,37] Here, we examined the kinetics of ferritin synthesis and changes in RNA-binding activities of IRPs in response to ... Mechanism of ferritin iron uptake: activity of the H-chain and deletion mapping of the ferro-oxidase site A study of iron uptake and ferro-oxidase activity of human liver, recombinant H-chain ferritins, ... Fig Effects of SNP on ferritin synthesis (A) and IRP-binding activities (B) in RAW 264.7 cells (A) Cells were incubated in the presence of SNP (100 lM) for the indicated time intervals and were...
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Báo cáo khoa học: 15 N-Labelled proteins by cell-free protein synthesis Strategies for high-throughput NMR studies of proteins and protein–ligand complexes doc
... synthesis of proteins in the presence of other proteins provided in excess at the start of or during the reaction, e.g., for the purpose of rescuing nascently produced insoluble proteins into soluble ... Ala and Glu, Glu and Asp, and Glu and Gln is efficient in wheat germ extract but can effectively be suppressed by inhibitors of transaminases and glutamine synthase [20] Among the multitude of ... than the protein amide resonances and therefore not interfere with the protein fingerprint represented by the amide cross-peaks in the [15N]-HSQC spectrum Remaining free [15N]-amino acids are...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Induction of PPARb and prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis by Raf signaling: failure of PGI2 to activate PPARb potx
... 30-fold induction with a fusion protein consisting of the PPARb ligand binding domain LBD and the LexA DBD (Fig 4) In contrast, no induction was seen after treatment with 4-OHT in spite of the ... prostanoid signaling network are targets of C-Raf signaling pathways Triggering of C-Raf signaling resulted in a dramatic Cox-2 and ERK-dependent increase in the synthesis and release of PGE2 and PGI2 ... ERK-dependent induction of Cox-2 transcription and to a modest increase in mPGES-1 and PGIS mRNA expression (Fig 2) Induction of Cox-2 by Ras-dependent signaling, inclu- Raf induction of PGI2 synthesis in...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Characterization of the tRNA and ribosome-dependent pppGpp-synthesis by recombinant stringent factor from Escherichia coli pot
... containing tRNAMet , were incubated with increasing amounts of f tRNAPhe before the addition of SF As can be seen in Fig 7A, the activity of SF, calculated as pmol pppGppÆpmol ribosome)1Æmin)1, increased ... Jenvert and L Holmberg Schiavone A-site footprint at G530 in 16S rRNA (Fig 6D, red line [28]) and A-site footprints in domain IV in 23S rRNA at nucleotides C1941 and C1942 (Fig 6E, red line [29]) ... activation of SF occurred Phe Binding of tRNA to the A, P and E-sites of poly(U) programmed ribosomes In the second set of experiments poly(U) programmed ribosomes were incubated with increasing amounts...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Oligosaccharide synthesis in Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and its modulation by the substrate potx
... rates of their utilization were 0.10 lmolÆmg of protein)1Æmin)1 and 0.06 lmolÆmg of protein)1Æmin)1, respectively, while the rates were 0.05 lmolÆmg of protein)1Æmin)1 and 0.03 lmolÆmg of protein)1Æmin)1 ... nature of the substrate Cellulose metabolism in Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 Incubation in medium containing cellulose Resting cells of F succinogenes (10 mgÆmL)1 of protein) were preincubated ... seemed to be lower (Fig 4B), in agreement with the decrease of the terminal Glc unit of MD (MDt) and of the internal Glc units of MD and MD1P (MDint) cross-peaks in NMR spectra (Fig 2B, plot...
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Báo cáo Y học: Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis in Streptococcus equi FM100 by 4-methylumbelliferone doc
... identifiable species In this regard, our most interesting result indicated that with increasing time of MU treatment there was a decrease in the proportion of smaller CL species and an increase in the larger ... and 22 h), and the HA production in the culture medium was quantitated by a sandwich binding protein assay using a very specific HABP (Fig 3) By h of culturing, a small amount of HA released into ... change by treatment of cells with up to 1.0 mM MU At 2.0 mM, however, a decrease in the level of total protein containing HAS was observed (about 20% of the control value of HAS content remained)...
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Báo cáo Y học: Concerted regulation of free arachidonic acid and hormone-induced steroid synthesis by acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyl-CoA synthetases in adrenal cells pdf
... obligatory role of the protein in steroidogenesis, we detected the protein and its mRNA in all steroidogenic tissues including placenta and brain [32] Inhibition of ACTH release and steroid synthesis ... Fig Combined effect of triacsin C and NDGA on steroid hormone synthesis Y1 cells were preincubated in the presence or the absence of increasing concentrations of triacsin C (4 h, 37 °C) and of NDGA ... 0.275 and 0.1 lM in the presence of 5, 10 and 25 lM of NDGA, respectively (Fig 5B) The inhibitory effect of both triacsin C and NDGA was clearly not due to an inhibition of P450scc activity since...
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Báo cáo khoa học: DNA mediated disassembly of hRad51 and hRad52 proteins and recruitment of hRad51 to ssDNA by hRad52 pot
... DNA induced conformational changes on hRad51 protein hRad51 (25 lM) was incubated in binding buffer in the absence (lanes and 3) or presence of 75 lM ssDNA (lanes and 5) and mM ATP (lanes and ... steric hindrance imparted by ssDNA binding or to changes in protein configuration ⁄ conformation following ssDNA binding or a combination of both ATP has been shown to induce changes in hRad51 ... disappearance of small ones To assess the role of hRad52 on hRad51 binding, we performed gel shift analyses of complexes at a limiting amount of hRad51 (1 lm) in the presence of increasing levels of hRad52...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Methylene analogues of adenosine 5¢-tetraphosphate Their chemical synthesis and recognition by human and plant mononucleoside tetraphosphatases and dinucleoside tetraphosphatases pot
... according to the method of Dixon and Webb [46] from the slopes of plots v ⁄ vi against [I] (where v and vi are velocities in the absence and presence of inhibitor, respectively, and [I] is the inhibitor ... narrow-leafed lupin, and the results are summarized in Table Of all the analogues, ppCH2ppA Methylene analogues of adenosine 5¢-tetraphosphate Table Analogues of p4A as inhibitors of (asymmetrical) ... the adenine ring and the length of the polyphosphate chain contribute to the strength of binding of the mononucleoside polyphosphates by the (asymmetrical) Ap4A hydrolases, whereas a single methylene...
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Tìm thêm: xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể điều tra đối với đối tượng giảng viên và đối tượng quản lí điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu nội dung cụ thể cho từng kĩ năng ở từng cấp độ xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct mở máy động cơ lồng sóc các đặc tính của động cơ điện không đồng bộ hệ số công suất cosp fi p2 đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 động cơ điện không đồng bộ một pha thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008 chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25