azt 3tc idv therapy after the viremia peak results in limited and tissue dependent effects on viral replication and dissemination
Báo cáo y học: "Comparative biochemical analysis of recombinant reverse transcriptase enzymes of HIV-1 subtype B and subtype " ppt
... extensions beyond the stop In particular, both RTs showed the highest levels of extension in the minus-dCTP reaction, followed by those involving minus-dATP, minus-dTTP and minus-dGTP These results ... Under these conditions, the elongation of the primer past a template nucleotide complementary to the excluded dNTP requires the insertion of an incorrect nucleotide (misincorporation) and further ... This reinforces the need to conduct genotyping prior to commencement of antiretroviral therapy in newly infected individuals and/ or individuals about to undergo therapy for the first time The fact...
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Báo cáo Y học: The processivity and fidelity of DNA synthesis exhibited by the reverse transcriptase of bovine leukemia virus pot
... misinsertion is apparent from the elongation of the primer in the presence of the incorrect dNTP relative to that in the presence of dTTP total 32P-labelled primer extended per minute in the conditions ... elongation in one cycle of synthesis (before the polymerase disassociates from the growing strand) may depend on kinetic parameters that affect binding, single nucleotide addition, translocation, ... following the misincorporation of incorrect dNTPs opposite the template A nucleotide, which corresponds to position 23 in the 50-nucleotide template used, in comparison with the incorporation of...
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the nitro group in organic synthesis 2001 by noboru ono
... p-ratio and yield tution at single bonds On the other hand, radical nitration of adamantane using N2O5 gives a mixture of several compounds arising from the N- and O-attacks at the secondary and ... conditions Under forced conditions, they undergo cleavage of the C-C bond to give a complex set of oxidation products and lower nitroalkanes The nitration in the gas phase has been used in industry ... reactions discovered in recent years constitute important tools in organic synthesis They are discussed in more detail than the conventional reactions such as the Nef reaction, reduction to amines,...
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Báo cáo y học: "Protein synthesis molecule by molecule" pot
... modeled after the theoretical work of Berg [13] Berg supposed that the simplest model for protein synthesis involved competition between mRNA degradation on the one hand, and successful initiation ... Golding and Cox Second, the results As well as being a technical tour de force, the work did indeed demonstrate a high degree of individuality in the population, as Benzer foretold [1] That the ... to determine the number of molecules of enzyme in each cell, distinguishing one from two from three, and so on, by inspecting the slope of product accumulation versus time Broadly speaking, http://genomebiology.com/2006/7/6/221...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Kinetics of dextran-independent a-(1 fi 3)-glucan synthesis by Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase I pdf
... Filled and open circles indicate the GTF activity of GSGB and GS, respectively In the initial phase ( 60 min), the concentration of fructose increased (open squares in Fig 3) and the concentration ... bars in the GBd indicate the ‘A’ repeat [6,7] using GTF-I¢ (Asp85–Ile1256), which contains the GSd and the 246 N-terminal residues of the GBd (approximately 50% of the GBd) The results indicate ... simulation based on the enzyme kinetic parameters is in good agreement with the time course of dextran-independent insoluble glucan formation These results suggest that the dextran-independent synthesis...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Enzymatic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of anabolic pyruvate synthesis by pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus doc
... decarboxylation of pyruvate (Fig 4), indicating that the HE-TPP radical was a common intermediate in both the oxidative and reductive reactions The HE-TPP radical was formed only after the reduction of the ... assay In the presence of the reduced Fd1 and acetylCoA, the HE-TPP radical intermediate was formed (Figs 3F and 4B), indicating the intermediacy of the HE-TPP radical in both the oxidative and ... reactions The results obtained also indicate that electron transfer from external ferredoxin to the enzyme is an indispensable step to form the radical in the reductive reaction From the data obtained...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Interferon-a induces sensitization of cells to inhibition of protein synthesis by tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ppt
... However, the in uence of IFNs on the regulation of translation by TRAIL has not previously been investigated We therefore examined the effect of increasing concentrations of TRAIL on the incorporation ... (triangles) The arrows indicate the concentrations of TRAIL producing 50% inhibition of protein synthesis 3700 Fig Effects of zIETD.FMK on TRAIL-induced inhibition of protein synthesis and caspase-8 ... UÆmL)1) and then further treated with the indicated concentrations of TRAIL for the last h (A) or h (B) Protein synthesis was measured by the incorporation of [35S]methionine into acid-insoluble...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Stimulation of poly(A) synthesis by Escherichia coli poly(A)polymerase I is correlated with Hfq binding to poly(A) tails ppt
... using the corresponding reverse primers The template used to synthesize the 3¢rpsO RNA containing an insertion of 18 A residues between the two hairpins was obtained after two PCRs using first the ... which, in this case, has an inhibitory effect on binding of poly(A) by PNPase In contrast, an interaction between Hfq and PNPase would be expected to inhibit both initiation and elongation of the ... Numbers on the secondary structures indicate the length of the single stranded regions Black rectangles locate Hfq binding sites determined by enzymatic and chemical probing and by mutational analysis...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Dinucleoside polyphosphates stimulate the primer independent synthesis of poly(A) catalyzed by yeast poly(A) polymerase ppt
... plates and the rate of synthesis of poly(A) as a function of ATP concentration determined as in Fig Moreover, in these conditions less than 30% of the ATP was consumed in the case of the reaction ... 0.050 mM) After 5, 10 and 20 incubation, aliquots of the reaction mixture were analyzed by TLC The results corresponding to the 5-min incubation are shown in Fig No appreciable synthesis of poly(A) ... was incubated with of 0.2 mM ATP and in the absence or presence of Gp2G, Gp3G, Gp4G and the reaction products analyzed by HPLC after 30, 60 and 120 incubation In the absence of dinucleotides, the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Phosphatidylinositol synthesis and exchange of the inositol head are catalysed by the single phosphatidylinositol synthase 1 from Arabidopsis docx
... exogenous PtdIns De novo synthesis was measured in the incubation conditions described above, in the presence of CDP-DAG and myo-inositol (Table 1) The exchange reaction was assayed by incubating bacterial ... CMP -dependent exchange reaction, far greater in quantitative terms than the CMP-independent one; and, finally, a reaction which is the reverse of synthesis, dependent on higher concentrations ... under various conditions with different substrates The values indicated and in pmol PtdInsÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein In the upper phase they are given as pmol inositolÆmin)1Æmg)1 Each value is the mean ±...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Heterologous synthesis of cytochrome c¢ by Escherichia coli is not dependent on the System I cytochrome c biogenesis machinery ppt
... positions of the PHCP and PH c552 proteins, respectively The band denoted by the asterisk on the right-hand side is the result of nonspecific staining of the extracts containing the PH c552 protein ... c¢ [14] In addition, the a-band in the pyridine hemochrome spectrum of reduced PHCP corresponded to 550 nm, which is indicative of the covalent bonding of heme vinyl groups to the protein via ... environment in the protein interior The spectra of the oxidized and reduced PHCP were essentially the same as those reported for other cytochromes c¢ (Fig 3A), indicating that the heme environment in the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Iron regulatory protein-independent regulation of ferritin synthesis by nitrogen monoxide pot
... similar iron regulatory proteins and (IRP1 and 2) function as iron sensors [4–7] In iron-depleted conditions, IRPs are active and consequently bind specific nucleotide sequences, iron-responsive ... located in the 5¢-UTR of ferritin mRNA and the 3¢-UTR of transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNA Such binding leads to translational repression of ferritin mRNA and stabilization of the TfR message Conversely, ... complexed iron, contributes to IRP2 degradation by supplying iron to cells In this study, we show that the iron component of SNP is not involved in the stimulation of ferritin synthesis More3...
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Báo cáo khoa học: 15 N-Labelled proteins by cell-free protein synthesis Strategies for high-throughput NMR studies of proteins and protein–ligand complexes doc
... al (e) The reaction mixture is accessible This allows the synthesis of proteins in the presence of other proteins provided in excess at the start of or during the reaction, e.g., for the purpose ... acid type of the residue preceding it in the amino acid sequence Sequence specific resonance assignments of the [15N]-HSQC peaks are obtained in this way so long as the corresponding amino acid pairs ... cross-peaks so that they can no longer be distinguished from one another Notably, cross -peak overlap is less likely to occur in these spectra, because each contains only about one third of the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Induction of PPARb and prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis by Raf signaling: failure of PGI2 to activate PPARb potx
... (PhosphorImager) In this system, the synthetic PPARb agonist GW501516 gave a 30-fold induction with a fusion protein consisting of the PPARb ligand binding domain LBD and the LexA DBD (Fig 4) In contrast, ... activation on the transcriptional activity of PPARb The simultaneous upregulation of PGI2 synthesis and PPARb expression suggested the induction of an autocrine ⁄ intracrine signaling loop upon activation ... modest increase in mPGES-1 and PGIS mRNA expression (Fig 2) Induction of Cox-2 by Ras -dependent signaling, inclu- Raf induction of PGI2 synthesis in the absence of PPARb activation ding the ERK...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Characterization of the tRNA and ribosome-dependent pppGpp-synthesis by recombinant stringent factor from Escherichia coli pot
... at the indicated concentrations, and incubation continued for 10 at 37 °C SF was added at two different concentrations (0.13 lM, ; or 0.67 lM, m) together with tRNAPhe (C) and the incubation continued ... filter-binding assays In vitro, it is easy to manipulate binding of unacylated tRNA to the ribosome by increasing the magnesium concentration [14] The magnesium concentration also affects the binding ... added to the reaction mixtures (total volume 15 lL) and incubation was continued for the indicated times at 37 °C T4-mRNA, tRNAMet and tRNAPhe were f used at the concentrations indicated in the figures...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Oligosaccharide synthesis in Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and its modulation by the substrate potx
... media, while in the cells they decreased at the end of the incubations Figure shows TLC analyses of supernatants and cell extracts obtained following the incubation of resting F succinogenes with ... dramatically increased following incubation with cellulose compared to incubation with glucose or cellobiose All the metabolite concentrations increased with time in the supernatant; the concentration ... metabolite X increased by sevenfold between and h of incubation and reached its maximum after h of incubation TLC experiments confirmed the presence of spot and spot in these incubations with cellulose...
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Báo cáo Y học: Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis in Streptococcus equi FM100 by 4-methylumbelliferone doc
... reconstitute a membrane-like environment in which the enzyme is intrinsically more active For example, the HA translocation function, in which the growing HA chain traverses the bilayer in an intact ... concentration of MU in the 22 h cultures (data not shown) On the other hand, release of HA into the culture medium, as assessed by HPLC analysis, was observed after h, and increased with continued incubation ... various concentrations of MU (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) At the various time points (0, 3, 5.5, and 22 h), HA released into the culture medium was measured by the sandwich binding protein assay using...
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Báo cáo Y học: Concerted regulation of free arachidonic acid and hormone-induced steroid synthesis by acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyl-CoA synthetases in adrenal cells pdf
... recommendations The His-tag domain adjacent to the cloning site borne by the pET22b(+) vector, allowed purification of the expressed fusion proteins using a Ni2+ chelation resin Purification of the recombinant ... Fig Combined effect of triacsin C and NDGA on steroid hormone synthesis Y1 cells were preincubated in the presence or the absence of increasing concentrations of triacsin C (4 h, 37 °C) and of ... previous results showing that antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide matching a sequence that contains the serine included in the catalytic triad inhibit steroid synthesis in a recombinant...
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Báo cáo khoa học: DNA mediated disassembly of hRad51 and hRad52 proteins and recruitment of hRad51 to ssDNA by hRad52 pot
... suggesting that the effects were distinct and not related to general ionic conditions in the assay This conclusion was further strengthened when the protein aggregation was tested as a function of ... conditions, the hRad52 protein by itself showed only marginal binding (lanes 10 and 11) In the set containing hRad51 protein, addition of hRad52 protein converted free DNA as well as ‘small protein–DNA ... arise either due to steric hindrance imparted by ssDNA binding or to changes in protein configuration ⁄ conformation following ssDNA binding or a combination of both ATP has been shown to induce...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Methylene analogues of adenosine 5¢-tetraphosphate Their chemical synthesis and recognition by human and plant mononucleoside tetraphosphatases and dinucleoside tetraphosphatases pot
... within the substrate-binding sites seen in the recently established three-dimensional structures of the lupin Ap4A hydrolase [55] and the human enzyme [56] The stronger inhibition of the human ... details on the synthesis of and the results of enzymatic studies on a series of novel p4A analogues that have a single methylene bridge substituting one of the three bridging oxygens in the tetraphosphate ... Dixon and Webb [46] from the slopes of plots v ⁄ vi against [I] (where v and vi are velocities in the absence and presence of inhibitor, respectively, and [I] is the inhibitor concentration),...
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Tìm thêm: hệ việt nam nhật bản và sức hấp dẫn của tiếng nhật tại việt nam khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế tiến hành xây dựng chương trình đào tạo dành cho đối tượng không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu nội dung cụ thể cho từng kĩ năng ở từng cấp độ xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct mở máy động cơ rôto dây quấn các đặc tính của động cơ điện không đồng bộ hệ số công suất cosp fi p2 đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 sự cần thiết phải đầu tư xây dựng nhà máy thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008 chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25