... Alpine and Polar Plants are Influenced by Growth Conditions and Climate Cornelius L€tz, Paul Bergweiler, Lavinia Di Piazza, u and Andreas Holzinger Dynamics of Tissue Heat Tolerance and ... Wagner and Mitterhofer 1998), grasses and graminoids (Carexspecies: Wagner and Reichegger 1997), subnival cushion plants (Saxifraga-species: Ladinig and Wagner 2005, 2009; Larl and Wagner 2006) and ... physiologists Plant development depends greatly on carbon fixation and a balanced N uptake by the roots Snow cover and time of snow melt determine N uptake for the metabolism Storage of C and N in alpine plants...
... modified pressure 299 Table II Whole- plant hydraulic resistance (Rplant) and resistance across root and stem (Rroot+stem) of Austrocedrus chilensis Values are means ± SD Rplant Rroot+stem (MPa cm2 ... concepts and results, Ann For Sci 59 (2002) 723–752 [3] Dong X., Zhang X., Some observations of the adaptations of sandy shrubs to the arid environments in the Mu Us Sandland: leaf water relations and ... leaf, Rplant, and from root to stem, Rroot+stem, was calculated from: Rplant = – (ψleaf - ψsoil) / E Rroot+stem = – (ψstem – ψsoil) / E where ψ soil was water potential at soil-root interface and...
... of nitrogenandcarbon in the physiology of ectomycorrhizae Can J Bot 61, 964-984 Gerard J & Dizengremel P (1988) Properties of mitochondria isolated from greening soybean and lupin tissues Plant ... amino group or to other carbon skeletons might occur through aminotransferases, since both AAT and GPT were detected in the mycorrhizal tissues Acknowledgments C Namysl and P Dizengremel gratefully ... (Marzluf, 198 1and roots, where GS is the major route of ammonium assimilation (Oaks and Hirel, 1985) Our findings also show that both pathways might be operative in mycorrhizal tissues The further...
... influence of elevation and associated vegetation type and the effect of moistureelevation interaction on C0 and C0k indicated that the environmental effect on C0 and C0k was complex and deserves further ... factors for soil nitrogenandcarbon contents across the Tibetan Plateau Global Change Biology, 15: 3001–3017 Bradley K., Drijber R.A., Knops J (2006): Increased N availability in grassland soils modifies ... L., Buckland S.M., Bardgett R.D (2008): Influence of disturbance andnitrogen addition on plantand soil animal diversity in grassland Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40: 505–514 J FOR SCI., 57, 2011...
... 725 Table III Carbon (C) andNitrogen concentration (N) and the ratio of the two (C:N) in different plant parts and in the wholeplant Values are the average of replicates ± one standard error ... Remobilisation of stored C and N in cork oak Figure Total (open bars) and winter (closed bars) carbon in first and second year leaves, branches, stem, coarse and fine roots and in the wholeplant Each value ... I Biomass of different plant parts of cork oak saplings, of the wholeplantand the ratios of parts to the wholeplant (%) Values are the average of replicates ± one standard error Different...
... content and isotope composition Total C and N contents and isotope ratio 15 in N 14 N/ plant material were measured using the corresponding gases derived from the combustion of aliquots of plant tissues, ... hand, assimilationand use of C and N by very young trees such as walnut seedlings are interrelated and changes in availability or acquisition of one at autotrophy often lead to changes in availability ... of carbonandnitrogen allocation during stalk elonC N gation by 13 and 15 tracing in Zea mays L., Plant Physiol 92 (1990) 79-87 [12] Curtis P.S., A meta-analysis of leaf gas exchange and nitrogen...
... plantand cycling within the plant may differ between and among deciduous and evergreen trees in many details, the major seasonal patterns of carbonandnitrogen allocation are very similar Carbon ... temporary storage of carbonandnitrogen is necessary for normal plantgrowth The major cycles of nitrogen storage and utilization are seasonal and associated with changes in tree growth, although ... these nitrogen compounds provide metabolic mechanisms for regulation of the nitrogencomposition of both xylem and phloem; for uptake, distribution and recycling of nitrogen within the plant; and...
... regulator of carbonandnitrogen metabolism in A thaliana [19], but a global understanding of the genes and processes that are regulated by carbonandnitrogen signaling in plants and the mechanism ... Treatments for carbonandnitrogen interaction studies Treatments for carbonandnitrogen interaction studies +C, -C, with and without carbon, respectively +N, -N, with and without nitrogen, respectively ... interactions between carbonand nitrogen, as it is induced only by CN, and not by carbon or nitrogen alone [36] Our studies of carbonandnitrogen regulation of gene expression in plants, combined...
... high availability (HA) and describes the Oracle features that can be used to achieve high availability Chapter 1, "Overview of High Availability" This chapter defines high availabilityand the ... protected and maximize the availability to your users What is Availability? Availability is the degree to which an application or service is available when, and with the functionality, users expect Availability ... well-integrated, standards-based, easy to implement, maintain and manage, and have a scalable architecture for accommodating future business growth High Availability Best Practices Choosing and implementing...
... representing organic and conventional farms located in alpine, upland and lowland regions Notably, and rather innovatively, the authors included an estimate for GHG impacts of the estimated land use change ... this French study and concluded that reduced growth rates, inefficient feed production and composting of manure, with subsequent low nitrogen use efficiency and higher ammonia and indirect nitrous ... approach and compared one organic and one conventional arable farm on clay soil (both growing potato, sugar beet, wheat, carrot, onion and pea) and one organic and conventional vegetable farm on sandy...
... 259-268 [5] Hibino K and K Ushiyama 1999 Commercial production of ginseng by planttissue culture technology In: T.J Fun, G Singh, W.R Curtis [13] [14] [15] 195 (Eds.), Plant Cell andTissue Culture ... a total initial nitrogen concentration of 40 mM and the cell growth was inhibited at a high initial nitrogen concentration of 80 mM Similarly, the accumulation of total saponin and polysaccharide ... the initial nitrogen concentration in the medium for cell growthand metabolite production was studied in P ginseng cell cultures The initial nitrogen level was adjusted to 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM...
... high availability (HA) and describes the Oracle features that can be used to achieve high availability Chapter 1, "Overview of High Availability" This chapter defines high availabilityand the ... protected and maximize the availability to your users What is Availability? Availability is the degree to which an application or service is available when, and with the functionality, users expect Availability ... well-integrated, standards-based, easy to implement, maintain and manage, and have a scalable architecture for accommodating future business growth High Availability Best Practices Choosing and implementing...
... atmosphere and by reducing albedo, the ability to reflect sunlight, when deposited on snow and ice Carbon The uptake and storage of carbon Trees and plants, for example, absorb sequestration carbon ... and ice, wind patterns, and clouds are all affected, and these in turn have an impact on human well-being by influencing factors such as water availability, agriculture and land use Both O3 and ... experiments and observations showing the substantial effects of O3 on visible leaf health, growthand productivity for a large number of crops, trees and other plants Ozone also affects vegetation composition...
... symmetric matrix 618 SRP see spares requirements planning standard back propagation 722 standard deviation 211 standard work instruction (SWI) 603 standby redundant system 105 state matrix 412, 413 state ... flow capacity 474, 475 FMEA see failure modes and effects analysis FMECA see failure modes effects and criticality analysis FMSE see failure modes and safety effects formal elicitation 214 forward ... 356 practice 67 ratio (MR) 392 spares dependent demand 381 independent demand 381 strategy 360, 367, 368, 372, 377, 657 management oversight and risk tree (MORT) analysis 553 manpower costs 376...
... Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety in Engineering Design Rudolph Frederick Stapelberg Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety ... reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of the inherent process and system functions and their related equipment Determining engineering design integrity implies determining reliability, availability, ... design Such breadth is represented by the topics of reliability and performance, availabilityand maintainability, and safety and risk, in an overall concept of designing for integrity during...
... Bernard’s approximation 202 Acid plant failure modes and effects analysis (ranking on criticality) 276 Acid plant failure modes and effects criticality analysis 279 ... TIME = inoperable time, OT = operating time, ST = standby time, ALDT = administrative and logistics downtime, TPM = total preventive maintenance and TCM = total corrective maintenance 297 Regression ... availability with preventive maintenance 455 Models of closed and open systems 462 Coal gas production and clarifying plant schematic block diagram 464 a Series reliability...
... control and instrumentation, incorrect spare parts lists, lack of proper identification of spares and facilities equipment such as manual valves and piping both on design drawings and on site, and ... stoppages, and poor systems performance with regard to availabilityand utilisation resulted in longer ramp-up periods and shortfalls of operating capital to ensure proper project handover • In ... insufficiently designed system circuits and equipment, and increased engineering and maintenance costs Actual construction completion schedule overruns averaged months, and commissioning completion schedule...
... risk and safety • Reliability analysis: reliability theory, methods and models, reliability and systems engineering, control and prediction • Availability analysis: availability theory, methods and ... Maintainability and Safety The fundamental understanding of the concepts of reliability, availabilityand maintainability (and, to a large extent, an empirical understanding of safety) has in the main dealt ... distribution Availability, on the other hand, has to with two separate events—failure and repair Therefore, assigning confidence levels to values of availability cannot be done parametrically, and a...
... effects and consequences of potential and functional failure, as well as the complex integration of the systems as a whole It is unfortunate that the growing number of unfulfilled promises and expectations ... Assistance with and automation of complex tasks and activities of the design process where expertise is specialised and technical; • Strategies for searching in the space of alternative designs, and monitoring ... information that becomes part of the design (e.g mass-flow balances and flow stresses), and portions of the geometry (e.g the shapes and dimensions) The perspectives are not just a sophisticated toolbox...