... RNA within the cell is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA which can then integrate randomly into the host cell genome The use of retrovirus vectors for gene delivery tothenervoussystem ... SURFACE MODIFICATION OF BACULOVIRUS DERIVED VECTORS FOR IMPROVED GENE DELIVERY TOTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM YANG YI (B Eng.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE ... member ofthe retrovirus family The main advantage of lentivirus-based vectors is their ability to integrate into the host genome of both dividing and nondividing cells, thereby providing the potential...
... transfers the gene into the nuclei of target cell is another key Chapter Introduction issue of gene therapy The tropism ofthe vector can essentially determine the cell type-specificity ofthe transgene ... expression in the CNS, and to test or modify viral vectors suitable to harbor these promoters The ultimate objective ofthe study is to use these promoters and vectors for gene therapy of neurological ... difficulty of gene delivery In sight of these considerations, special attention has to be paid tothe gene delivery system, especially tothe safety issue which is related tothe vector and the temporal...
... and B, ×66 C and D, ×132 Immunohistochmical study of nitric oxide synthase in thecentralnervoussystemof goat Enhanced expression of nNOS and iNOS in L monocytogenes-infected brain At necropsy, ... found in the neuronal processes Both nNOS and iNOS immunoreactivity were found in a proportion ofthe neurons in the brainstem and the staining pattern was similar to those of control brains with ... is the first study of NOS expression in the goat brain with listeriosis The involvement of iNOS in bovine and caprine listeriosis has been reported previously, and the increased expression of...
... gene therapy: gene delivery systems (vectors), regulatory elements and therapeutic genes The vectors refer tothe carriers of transgene into target cells, and they have been commonly divided into ... uptake into the cells, release from the endosomal compartment into the cytoplasm, and uptake ofthe DNA into the nucleus This multi-step process indicates that there are many factors affecting the ... three components to generate a safe and effective way for the delivery of genes into thepatient and subsequent treatment ofthe disease by the transgene In the current stage of gene therapy, most...
... acquired the neuroendocrine vesicles equivalent to those seen in the present-day neurons of higher animals by the time ofthe emergence ofthe Plathelminthes in the evolutionary history The eye ofthe ... In the stalk region ofthe photoreceptor cells, neuropeptides may be synthesized and work to modulate the transmission of light stimulus To clarify the role ofthe amidated neuropeptides in the ... amidation ofthe neuropeptide, might predate or coincide withthe emergence ofthe CNS in animals Thus, as the second objective of our present study, we examined the colocalization of PHM with cytochrome...
... some ofthe data on the role of CCR5 in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE appears to be conflicting, the weight of evidence identifies CCR5 as an active participant in the recruitment of inflammatory ... due to apoptosis Many studies have demonstrated apoptosis of infiltrating cells in the CNS of animals with EAE [80] The limitation of inflammation seen in the CNS could also be the result of a ... combination with a lack of recruitment into the CNS late in the disease due to a decrease in the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules Another possibility is the exhaustion of infiltrating...
... Abnormal CT scans ofthe brain in asymptomatic children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after prophylactic treatment ofthecentralnervoussystemwith radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy N Engl ... are planned that further reduce the dose of craniospinal radiation to 1,800 cGy, virtually no attention has been paid tothe possible contribution ofthe chemotherapy tothe cognitive decline ... to reduce the dose of radiation tothe brain and spinal cord from 3,600 centiGray (cGy) to 2,400 cGy led tothe development of a protocol in which reduced craniospinal radiation was coupled with...
... also raise the question of whether multiple pathological changes contribute tothe effects of chemotherapy on cognition The ability of irradiation tothe CNS to suppress the generation of new neurons ... Abnormal CT scans ofthe brain in asymptomatic children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after prophylactic treatment ofthecentralnervoussystemwith radiation and intrathecal chemother apy N Engl ... damage to white matter associated withthe systemic administration of chemotherapy These results are of particular interest in the context of many clinical reports that have identified neurotoxicity...
... known that the nanoparticles will interact withthe proteins present in the biological system, i.e the material surrounding the nanoparticles are proteins present in thenervoussystemofthe cockroach ... This correlation of activity and the effect ofthe nAuNPs on the CNS ofthe insect are due to how the brain ofthe cockroach controls its muscle response and locomotion [6] There is a significant ... X-ray radiation at a power of 350 W and a base pressure of 10-10 Torr The XPS system was used to verify the presence ofthe nanoparticles inside the brain by scanning the cryocut and fixed cockroach...
... most patients They cause significant distress to both patients and their carers and lead to early institutionalization of patients An additional impact of AD is on the day to day activity of patients ... showed the highest prevalence of dementia It is estimated that these parts ofthe world along with China will be home to around 55% of total affected population worldwide by 2040 The prevalence of ... of H2S measurement, it’s almost impossible to determine the active form of H2S (H2S, HS- or S2-) present in the biological system Hence the all-encompassing term of H2S is now used to refer the...
... showing the arrangement of aCC/RP2 motor neurons within thecentralnervoussystemof stage-16 embryo FCS measurements were done on the upper and bottom membranes of aCC/RP2 motor neurons The bottom ... glass to avoid drift with respect tothe cover glass bottom The nerve cord ofthe embryo faced downward towards the cover glass bottom for FCS measurement This approach placed the aCC and RP2 motor ... statistics, the variance is equal tothe mean value Therefore, the standard deviation (σ) is equal tothe square root ofthe mean value Although it is important to minimize the number of molecules...
... the brain, as this might be useful tothe understanding ofthe control of locomotion and pain responses The identification ofthe receptor(s), and the identification ofthe specific regions of ... potentially be a mixture of neurotoxins (which attack thenervous system) , hemotoxins (which attack the circulatory system) , cytotoxins and many other toxins that affect the body in different ways ... to study ohanin and its precursor to 17 understand the actual processes that allow the 12 kDa protein to transverse the BBB, and to study in detail the regions of interaction ofthe protein with...
... delivering the anesthetic tothe lungs, (3) transfer ofthe gas from the alveoli tothe blood flowing through the lungs, and (4) loss ofthe agent from the arterial blood to all the tissues ofthe body ... in theCentralNervousSystemThe capacity to integrate information from a variety of external and internal sources epitomizes the cardinal role ofthe CNS, namely to optimize the needs ofthe ... full cognizance ofthe factors related tothe delivery of anesthetic gases tothe brain, there remains the need to characterize and quantify the relative potencies of volatile anesthetic agents...
... injury due to cancer treatment The knowledge gained from this and other studies will guide the development of translational clinical research to protect thenervoussystem from injury, to better ... processing of an auditory stimulus compared with controls [15] Interestingly, all ofthe patients had received 5-FU as part of their treatment Journal of Biology 2008, 7:11 Journal of Biology 2008, ... injection They found a more persistent suppression of proliferation in regions ofthe brain where proliferation is essential to normal function (the subventricular zone, the dentate gyrus ofthe hippocampus...
... First, Mira tethers Pros tothe apical membrane and then tothe basal cortex of dividing NBs, directing Pros into GMCs which bud off from the basal side of NBs; second, Mira needs to be down- 24 ... and PAR-6 extend their localization from the anterior half ofthe cortex into the anterior part ofthe posterior cortex such that their localizations partially overlap with those of PAR-1 and PAR-2 ... CHARACTERIZATION OF MP2 CELL DIVISION AND PINS FUNCTION ON SPINDLE ASYMMETRY OF DROSOPHILA CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM LIN SHUPING (M.Sc.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF...
... Fig 52-3) and to formulate a differential diagnosis (Table 52-4) For instance, the finding of scaling papules (present in patients with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis) places thepatient in a ... that the erosion is the primary lesion and the redness and scale are secondary, while the correct interpretation would be that thepatient has a pruritic eczematous dermatitis with erosions caused ... nevomelanocytic nevus (Fig 52-2) can be difficult to recognize To aid in the interpretation of skin lesions, a variety of descriptive terms have been developed to characterize cutaneous lesions (Tables...
... configuration of skin lesions formed from coalescing rings or incomplete rings Pruritus: A sensation that elicits the desire to scratch Pruritus is often the predominant symptom of inflammatory skin ... Erosion: Loss of epidermis without an associated loss of dermis Ulcer: Loss of epidermis and at least a portion ofthe underlying dermis Excoriation: Linear, angular ... epidermal atrophy) Scar: A change in the skin secondary to trauma or inflammation Sites may be erythematous, hypopigmented, or hyperpigmented depending on their age or character Sites on hair-bearing...
... assess the distribution ofthe eruption accurately Thepatient should first be viewed from a distance of about 1.5–2 m (4–6 ft) so that the general character ofthe skin and the distribution of lesions ... eruption than is a patientwith a similar rash limited tothe sun-exposed portions ofthe face Once the distribution ofthe lesions has been established, the nature ofthe primary lesion must be ... distribution of lesions often correlates highly with diagnosis (Fig 52-6) For example, a hospitalized patientwith a generalized erythematous exanthem is more likely to have a drug eruption than is a patient...
... The distribution of some common dermatologic diseases and lesions Figure 52-7 Psoriasis This papulosquamous skin disease is characterized by small and large erythematous papules and plaques with...