... if they just understood the logic behind their usage 1.4 CognitiveSemantics Approach to Spatial Prepositions In the present study, the semantic analysis oftheEnglish preposition in and its Vietnamese ... correspond to in Vietnamese According to Lý To n Thắng (1994), in theVietnamese cognition of space, the prototypical meaning ofthe locative preposition is somewhat like on in English by virtue ofthe ... conceptualizations ofthe objects and phenomena in the world and their interrelationships It seems the study of metaphorical mode of thought may lead tothe use of interpretative processes that belong to the...
... ofthe target language Accordingly, it is essential to grasp the related meaningsoftheEnglish preposition in within the framework ofcognitivesemanticsand in this way immensely understand ... Scope ofthe study The study is limited to investigating senses oftheEnglish preposition in and their Vietnamese equivalents within cognitive semantic theoretical framework Not only prototypical ... students at the MSA Design ofthe study The present paper is organized in four main parts The INTRODUCTION part is devoted to presenting statement ofthe problem, aims ofthe study, scope ofthe study,...
... in their meanings Aims ofthe study The aims ofthe study are: To find out the similarities and differences in themeaningsofthe four prepositions above, over, below and under Scope ofthe ... process The TR is understood to be higher andto move along the LM, which is conceptualized as the path (from the top tothe bottom ofthe LM) In my data, the process of activity as examining ... Physically, the roof is the highest part ofthe house and helps to protect people living in the house and furnitures in it from things like bad weather Metonymically, the roof stand for the house:...
... characteristics of Trajectors and Landmarks 1.5 Categorization and semantic structure 1.5.1 Image schemas 1.5.2 Prototype theory and Radial network 10 1.5.3 The relevance of semantic factors 11 II.5 ... NỘI, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Table of contents iv PART I: INTRODUCTION Rationale Aims ofthe study Scope ofthe study Research question Design ofthe study PART ... Chapter 1: Theoretical Background 1.1 An overview ofCognitive Linguistics andCognitiveSemantics 1.2 Spatial Prepositions and Semantic Perspectives on Spatial Prepositions 1.3 Spatial domain and dimensionality...
... in their meanings Aims ofthe study The aims ofthe study are: To find out the similarities and differences in themeaningsofthe four prepositions above, over, below and under Scope ofthe ... chosen as the tool in my investigation on themeaningsofthe four spatial prepositions above, over, below and under in order to find out the spatial as well as non-spatial senses of each andthe similarities ... determining the relation of spatial meaningsto non-spatial ones of a prepositions With the purpose to help English learners have an insightful view on these prepositions, CognitiveSemantics was...
... bar andthe saloon bar TheEnglish like showing off when they go out for a drink and whereas the poorest customers go into the public bar, they go into the saloon bar The differences between the ... mentioned The men, especially the husband andthe grandfather, sip alcohol and tell their family members what they see and hear or remind them of right or wrong things in life The others also ... difficult The oldest or the husband ofthe family sits at the head ofthe table and others sit in descending order according to age or wherever they like The meal starts when everyone has their own...
... aims to examine the syntax andsemanticsoftheEnglishverb “get” andtheVietnameseverb “lấy,” “nhận” in terms ofthe semantic categories of “acquiring,” “obtaining” and “receiving,” to help ... understand the differences and similarities on semantic features of these verbs in Englishand Vietnamese, andto make the effective use of them 1.2.2 Objectives The study is intended to: - set ... of time andthe length limit, the paper is just intended to examine mainly syntactic and semantic features oftheEnglishverb “get” andtheVietnamese verbs “lấy” and “nhận” in terms ofthe semantic...
... - Apply the topic to teach English in Dong Tan primary school - Compare, collate the result of implementing the topic - Remark, have conclusion about the result and effect ofthe topic The main ... methods of studying the subject I write this topic based on: + The method of studying theory + The method of investigating + Comparison, collation and summary ofthe result, effect ofthe topic ... about the stress ofthe words With the primary stress position of words exercises require students to have certain knowledge, and they have to know and remember the main rules of position of the...
... introductory remarks occurrence with the past tense andthe present perfect Chapters 13 and 14 look at thesemanticsofthe temporal adverbs when, before and after andthe consequences of these semantics ... determined in the first instance by themeaningsoftheverbandofthe other components ofthe predicate constituent (as defined in 1.7) andthe semantic relations between them If a verb, VP or ... categories expressed by verb forms Tense Introduction The formation ofthe present tense The formation ofthe past tense The formation ofthe other tenses Themeaningsof tenses: expressing temporal...
... Topics in English Linguistics 60-1 Editors Bernd Kortmann Elizabeth Closs Traugott Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York The Grammar oftheEnglishVerb Phrase Volume 1: The Grammar oftheEnglish ... Index Introduction Towards a theory of tense and time The absolute use ofthe present tense The absolute past tense The absolute use ofthe present perfect The present perfect vs the preterite in ... Reed and Bert Cappelle have offered me substantial assistance in writing this book I want to thank them specially I also wish to thank the various people who have contributed tothe writing of the...
... categories expressed by verb forms Tense Introduction The formation ofthe present tense The formation ofthe past tense The formation ofthe other tenses Themeaningsof tenses: expressing temporal ... volume and in subsequent volumes dealing with theEnglishverb phrase (The definitions ofthe terms and concepts used in the book are brought together in an extensive glossary at the end ofthe ... Abstract The aim of this book is to describe the workings ofthe system of special verb forms used in Englishto locate situations in time In this introductory chapter we lay the terminological and...
... introductory remarks occurrence with the past tense andthe present perfect Chapters 13 and 14 look at thesemanticsofthe temporal adverbs when, before and after andthe consequences of these semantics ... interpretation ofthe discourse Chapters 12 to 14, as mentioned above, deal with the interaction of temporal adverbials andthe tense ofthe clause in which the adverbial functions Chapter 12 explores further ... amendment of you’ll only buy able to buy to you’ll only be able to buy 1.4 The structure ofthe book The book falls roughly into three parts: chapters and provide essential background tothe study of...
... e to refer tothe sum of all those constituents ofthe clause that not belong tothe subject NP Others use the term in a much narrower sense, to denote no more than the main verband any auxiliaries ... tothe time ofthe head clause situation, respectively We will therefore stick tothe traditional labels ‘present infinitive’ and ‘perfect infinitive’ and consider them based on the form ofthe ... to be the temporal zero-point It is criterial of tensed forms that they encode information concerning the relation ofthe time of a situation tothe temporal zero-point t0 (which is usually the...
... (which is the citation form oftheverb used as an entry in dictionaries) 1.16 The formation ofthe past tense The regular past tense indicative form consists ofthe stem oftheverband a suffix ... 1.15 The formation ofthe present tense The forms ofthe present tense of all verbs except be and have are homophonous with the stem oftheverb (e g underline), except in the third person singular ... for shall and will in the future perfect and for the nonmodal uses ofthe conditional tense forms should and would in the conditional tense andthe conditional perfect 1.18 Themeaningsof tenses:...
... petrol will run onto the floor represents the actualization ofthe situation referred to as bounded Ϫ the situation will cometo an end when the twenty litres in the tank have run out of it Ϫ whereas ... question of how a clause represents the actualization of a situation (Both ontological aspect and actualization aspect are determined by the choice of lexical material, the former on the level ofthe ... was in the middle of writing an essay ’) There are in principle three kinds of imperfective aspect, depending on whether the speaker focuses on the beginning, the end or the middle ofthe situation...
... determined in the first instance by themeaningsoftheverbandofthe other components ofthe predicate constituent (as defined in 1.7) andthe semantic relations between them If a verb, VP or ... situation-template by the addition of one or more complements or adverbials totheverb Multi-word predicate constituents like walk tothe church or walk IV The precise meaningsand uses of ‘situation’ and ‘actualization’ ... towards the actualization of a situation (e g You must pay me back now!), and modality which has to with other factors affecting the (non)actualization ofthe situation referred to, such as the...
... situations (and tothe clauses denoting them), the literature also applies these labels tothe verbs or verb phrases which typically refer to a particular group of situations We read of ‘punctual verbs’, ... head of its verb phrase The features are therefore typical, not only ofthe simple situationtemplate oftheverb know but also of all more enriched situation-templates using this verb (i e VPs and ... without there being an identifiable agent, as in The key broke in the lock) In order to avoid any confusion it would be advisable to apply the label ‘type of situation’ tothe referent of a verb, verb...
... example, the features [( dynamic] and [( agentive] help to determine the possibility of using theverb phrase in the progressive form The distinction [( telic] is relevant tothe use of temporal adverbials ... initiator or causer of an action” (our emphasis), and Brinton (2000: 279) writes: “These sentences [e g Orlando cooled the water, Orlando made the water cool, Orlando caused the water to become ... state We refer to them as static situation verbs or state verbs (Some people speak of verbs of state.) Examples of static situation verbs are: seem, contain, know, consist ofTheverb be can be...
... required to make the situation durative.) One after the other, the ramblers reached the top ofthe hill (The idea of repetition is induced by the plurality ofthe subject NP andthe duration-implying ... next to his ashes.] The fact that the transition cannot form part ofthe ‘middle part’ ofthe situation referred to by the progressive form is due tothe fact that the transition itself is thepossible ... tothe punctual transition from the state of being alive tothe state of being dead The sentence Jim suddenly stopped [to light a cigarette] expresses a punctual transition from motion to standstill...
... result of this kind of measuring, it renders the clause (and the actualizing situation referred to) bounded, but it does not affect the atelic nature ofthe kind of situation denoted by the VP ... between the types of situation are determined by elements in the predicate constituent It is therefore perfectly possibleto build a classification of situation types on the basis ofthe ontological ... from examples in the past tense therefore often concern boundedness rather than telicity To illustrate the (a)telic nature of a situationtemplate it is therefore better to use the VP in a present...