... determined at two different substrate concentrations of carnitine: mm (for standard comparison with other published data), and a concentration equal to the Km for carnitine of each enzyme (for comparison ... analyzed at carnitine concentrations equal to the Km foreach enzyme Each construct was assayed at least three times with at least two independent mitochondrial preparations Values statistically ... glutamate by aspartate at position 17, and isoleucine by valine at position 31 However, the sole amino acid change between pig, human and rat CPT1B is the substitution of glutamate by aspartate at...
... of an isoleucine, a b-branched amino acid that is not exible In the active conformation, Val371 forms contacts with neighboring residues that are important for stabilizing the active state (e.g ... zymogen (red) and activated (green) FXI The Ile371 residue, in both structures, is displayed by space-lled atoms The catalytic triad (blue space-lled atoms) is also shown The conformational movements ... represented by mutations within the FXI gene (F11), which is located on chromosome 4q35.2 and consists of 15 exons spread over a genomic region of $ 23 kb To date, > 100 mutations responsiblefor FXI deciency...
... and r32 are cytosolic substrates for HflB In addition, HflB also acts on several membrane-associated substrates, for which the mechanism of proteolysis is probably somewhat different [21] Whether ... only for CII? We examined the mode of the inhibitory action of CIII on proteolysis of the heat shock sigma factor r32, another substrate of HflB Like proteolysis of CII, r32 proteolysis requires ATP ... this proteolysis is much slower in vitro, because of a lack of chaperone machinery The in vitro proteolysis requires ATP [14] We examined the proteolysis of purified r32-C-his (1.2 lm) by glutathione...
... mediate the information flow during substrate binding and catalysis [13] The conformation adopted by the loop structure in W58L isanother snapshot for different possible conformations that can ... exception is the region 304–310, the mobile surface loop, which adopts a completely different conformation (Fig 4B) This adaptation of a loop conformation is in accordance with the absence of substrate ... sample chromatogram is given in Fig 2B and the distribution of the products were calculated for a given substrate and summarized in Table The product distribution for the W58L mutant is different...
... showed that the increase in the amount of saturated fatty acids observed under conditions of impaired unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (i.e heme depletion) is specifically associated with phosphatidylinositol ... cytoskeletal regulation [1–5] The fatty acid composition of this phospholipid is quite distinctive in living organisms because, in comparison with other phospholipids, PI is by far the most saturated In ... synthesis, it might be involved in the stearic acid incorporation after the de novo synthesis of this lipid (i.e the second hypothesis) According to this hypothesis, previously raised for mammals...
... 4-t-Butyl catechol, 4-methyl catechol, and catechol have been shown to have synergistic effect on the oxidation of Dopa by tyrosinase It has been demonstrated that this effect is mediated by oxidation ... precise (150 mV for Dopa and 195 mV for compound 1), but indicate that the formation of the phosphonic o-quinone is not favored Thus, two other factors drive the reaction: much slower enzymatic ... characteristics of the diphenolic substrate modulate the rate of oxidation [23,25], it appears that the size of the side substituent is not the primary factor It has been demonstrated recently that...
... contributions WIC was responsiblefor carrying out the experiments, for data analysis, and for drafted this manuscript; KYK was responsiblefor the analysis and design for the histologic study; OS ... 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for min, the sections were digested with Proteinase K (20 μg/ml) at room temperature for 20 min, and were washed twice with distilled water foreach The endogenous ... of luminal obstruction foreach cross-sectioned airway present A mean obstruction score was determined foreach animal and then foreach group [6] Pathology scoring The pathological changes were...
... indicates that the binding of ATP per se is the ‘power stroke’ for drug translocation, and that energy obtained from the hydrolysis process is used to reset the transporter That ATP binding isresponsible ... phosphate Thus, ATP and vanadate generate an ADP-vanadate structure mimicking the transition state for the hydrolysis of the c-phosphate of ATP [30] Figure demonstrates the effect of pre-incubation ... conformation to prevent dissociation, and that reorientation occurs following harnessing of the energy from ATP hydrolysis If one of the initial events in the nucleotide catalytic cycle is responsible...
... AGC ATC TTC CAT GGC TTG ATC 3¢ 5¢ ATA CAC ACA AAC TCA CAA GG 3¢ 5¢ CAA CAT ATT TTA AAT AAA ATT GAC AAT 3¢ 5¢ ATA AAA ATG GTA TAC CTC ACT TGT*C 3¢ 5¢ TAA CAA TGA TTC TCT TTC TTT TAG 3¢ 5¢ AAT CTT ... phosphatase hydrolysis), corresponding to that expected for the F variant This result is the first evidence for the heterozygous status (M/F) of the individual goat milk analysed In addition to this, ... CAG ATA TTG AAA AGG AG 3¢ 5¢ CCA GTG AAT ATT CAG GAC TGA T 3¢ 5¢ AGG CTC TAG CAT GAT TTG ATG T 3¢ 5¢ GCA TTT TTA TTT TGA ATG TAA A 3¢ 5¢ TAG TTC AAA TGC ACA TCT TAT 3¢ 5¢ GGC AGA GAA TAC GTT TAT...
... In each case, Vmax (maximal rate of ATP hydrolysis), Km(ATP) (ATP concentration at the half-maximal rate of reaction) and Km(DNA) (DNA concentration at the halfmaximal rate of ATP hydrolysis) for ... this study for stimulation of ATPase and preparation of various helicase substrates for RecD Table S2 Primers used in this study for cloning and mutagenesis of P syringae recD This material is ... for the reactions were calculated Km(ATP) was determined at a saturating concentration (1 lm) of ssDNA, and Km(DNA) was calculated at a saturating concentration of ATP (2 mm) The values obtained...
... activity for insoluble Blue Starch may reect that substrate binds at (an) as yet unidentied site(s) which is (are) situated far from the site of catalysis and can compensate for hampered substrate ... the typical distortion of the substrate ring at subsite )1 in GH-H catalyzed reactions [66], resulting in very low rate of catalysis, this mutation also promoted transglycosylation This, together ... Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit, PerkinElmer) and the plasmid was used for P pastoris transformation by electroporation [50] upon linearization at the BstXI site Screening was performed for Zeocin...
... minutes at 50°C and 10 minutes at 95°C for AmpliTaq Gold activation, followed by 40 cycles of 15 seconds at 95°C for denaturation and minute at 60°C for annealing and extension The specificity of each ... When B-Raf is mutated, oxaliplatin induces TAp73 downregulation, while when B-Raf is wild type, the treatment induces TAp73 upregulation This induction is maintained when the treatment is combined ... were added at the concentrations indicated and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C The concentrations were 10 nM Cetuximab (recommended concentration by Merck and the most used concentration used...
... infection and pathogenesis is not well understood MHV strain 3, which causes fulminant hepatitis, was shown to induce the synthesis of PGE2 in macrophages [25] However, the exogenous administration of ... mock-treated (control) cell cultures Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6) For statistical analysis a one-way ANOVA with the TukeyKramer test was performed using GraphPad Prism ... Analysis of the defects responsiblefor the impaired regulation of EBVinduced B cell proliferation by rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes II Role of monocytes and the increased sensitivity of rheumatoid...
... infection and pathogenesis is not well understood MHV strain 3, which causes fulminant hepatitis, was shown to induce the synthesis of PGE2 in macrophages [25] However, the exogenous administration of ... mock-treated (control) cell cultures Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6) For statistical analysis a one-way ANOVA with the TukeyKramer test was performed using GraphPad Prism ... Analysis of the defects responsiblefor the impaired regulation of EBVinduced B cell proliferation by rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes II Role of monocytes and the increased sensitivity of rheumatoid...
... noted before, the articles that investigate this configuration either suggest the relay gain matrix heuristically or concern another constraint such as a limited power constraint at the destination, ... ni for i = 1,2, ,K and n are assumed to be statistically independent Furthermore, as it is noted earlier, a scalar operation is merely done ateach destination In other words, the weight matrices ... SNR (TSNR) is set to 12 dB It can be observed that foreach channel realization, there is an optimum value for η that is dependent upon the instantaneous first and second hop channel matrices Thus,...
... banks Therefore, when working on issues of market risk management, this thesis only focus on issues: interest rate risk management and foreign currency risk management 2.2.1 Real situation of interest ... Finance Division RiskManagement Division Human Resources Division Marketing Division Information Division Supporting Division Business Division Treasury & Capital Market Division Business Division ... the dissertation Therefore, it can be confirmed that the thesis titled “ Market risk managementat Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade” is the first doctoral dissertation...
... USA) Statistical analysis Results are shown as mean ± SE Statistical analyses were performed following analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons or Students t-test when data consisted ... added to each well, and the plates were incubated for additional hrs at 37oC After removing media, 100 µl of DMSO was added to each well The plates were shaken for 10 at room temperature, and ... concentration-dependent increase of Apaf-1 protein expression at early time point However, such pattern was not found at later time-point, indicating that initial apoptosis is associated with...
... after irradiation This group of patients could not be distinguished from the other patients by any of the patient characteristics listed in Tables and In the patients who developed infiltrates, levels ... co-localisation of inflammatory lesions and local accumulation of SBCs was seen (Figure 3) The latter group of patients could not be distinguished from the other patients by any of the characteristics ... (FcγR)-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells It is conceivable that this leads to inflammation given that ligation of FcγR induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [17,18] In this study,...
... containing 5% non-fat milk for hour at room temperature followed by incubation overnight with the appropriate antibody at 4°C The membrane was washed three times and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated ... microplate reader at an excitation wavelength of 530 nm and an emission wavelength of 590 nm The number of cells is expressed as relative fluorescence units Statistical analysis Data are expressed ... PUMA-mediated apoptosis requires functional p53 It is of interest that neither of these relationships is effective in cultured FLS This cell lineage can Page of (page number not for citation purposes)...
... destruction rather than formation of the cartilage extracellular matrix by chondrocytes Thus, metabolic homeostasis is perturbed at the cellular level in OA because chondrocyte catabolism predominates ... proanabolic activity for matrix formation is exclusively mediated through activation of FGFR3 in human articular cartilage [33] Accumulated cell-associated proteoglycan and cellular proliferation were ... and that activation of FGFR3 by FGF18 is anabolic for human articular cartilage homeostasis [33, 34] FGFR1 isresponsiblefor the upregulation of MMP-13 and ADAMTS5, as well as downregulation...