...
Sentence ranking is a crucial part of
generating text summaries. We compared
human sentence rankings obtained in a
psycholinguistic experiment to three different
approaches tosentence ranking: ... rankings (cf. Goldstein
et al. (1999), Radev et al. (2002) for that
distinction).
We evaluated different approachestosentence
ranking against human sentence rankings. To
obtain human sentence ...
‘bare-bones’ algorithms is viable because it allows to
see how performance differs due to different basic
approaches tosentence ranking, and not due to
potentially different effects of different...
...
Classical and modular approaches
to exponential Diophantine
equations I. Fibonacci and Lucas
perfect powers
By Yann Bugeaud, Maurice Mignotte, and Samir
Siksek*
CLASSICAL AND MODULAR APPROACHES
971
We ... and (ii) are treated in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. Sections 7 and
8 are devoted to step (iii). Sections 9 and 10 are concerned with Steps (iv)
and (v). Section 11 deals with steps (vi) and ... pack-
ages PARI/GP [2] and MAGMA [7]. The total running time for the various compu-
CLASSICAL AND MODULAR APPROACHES
985
Suppose then that (n, y, p) is a solution to (18), and associate to this
solution...
... of rule
c → e, and K is the total number of ways
to rewrite c, we now take into account our
DP(α
c
, P
0
(· | c)) prior in (1), which, when
truncated to a finite grammar, reduces to a
K-dimensional ... and is not in general amenable to latent
variable problems.
A simpler alternative to this two step approach
is to use a generative model of synchronous
derivation and simultaneously segment and ... MIT
Press.
Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu. 2002. Summa-
rization beyond sentence extraction: a probabilis-
tic approach tosentence compression. Artif. Intell.,
139(1):91–107.
K. Lari and S. J. Young....
... factors
grammatical relation
(Re!),
verb
(Verb),
and prob-
ability band (Band). The factors
Re!
and
Band
had
three levels each, and the factor
Verb
had 10 lev-
els. This yielded a total ... Li and Abe, 1998; Clark and Weir, 2002;
Ciaramita and Johnson, 2000; Abney and Light,
1999). In the latter case the taxonomy is used
to provide a mapping from words to conceptual
classes, and ... frequency, and randomly chose one
noun from each band. The division ensured that
the experimental stimuli represented likely and un-
likely verb-argument combinations and enabled us
to investigate...
... research groups including Terra
and Clarke (2003) and Pado and Lapata (2007).
These questions are similar to the SemEval task, but
in addition to the original word and the sentence
context, the list ... activations s(t) is maintained and updated at
each sentence position t. These activations encapsu-
late the sentence history up to the t
th
word in a real-
valued vector which typically has several ... combination has three in-
puts: the total word similarity, the cosine similarity
between the sum of the answer word vectors and the
sum of the rest of sentence s word vectors, and the
number of out-of-vocabulary...
... seemed to be related to autonomic ataxia, women are prone to express
symptoms related to somatoform autonomic dysfunction defined by the International
Statistical Classification of Diseases and ... somatic
symptoms related to suicidal ideation compared to men. Two of those were symptoms
related to sleep disturbance. Together with other symptoms, such as feelings of edema and
chest pain, ... appropriate to treat them together with somatic symptoms and
depression for suicide prevention. In model B, it is difficult to readily understand the
relation between somatic symptoms and suicidal...
... faster and better
remember things faster and better
1.3. Approachesto language teaching and
1.3. Approachesto language teaching and
their relevance to vocabulary
their relevance to vocabulary
1.4. ... teaching and learning
1.2. Vocabulary in language teaching and learning
1.3. Approachesto language teaching and their
1.3. Approachesto language teaching and their
relevance to vocabulary
relevance ... interesting and useful
Very interesting and useful
b.
b.
Rather interesting and useful
Rather interesting and useful
c.
c.
Interesting and useful
Interesting and useful
d.
d.
Uninteresting and useless
Uninteresting...
... both
to understand what makes proteins ÔtickÕ andtoengineer
proteins with native-like properties.
In this review we discuss combinatorial approaches
toward understanding protein structure and stability. ... were randomized
to Lys, Glu and Gln; hydrophobic residues were mutated
to Phe, Ile, Leu and Val; charged residues were mutated to
Lys or Glu for basic or acidic positions, respectively; and
variable ... difficult to purify and has a complex double
hydrophobic core (Fig. 4). The authors first sought to
directly randomize the structural residues in TIM to
estimate the overall tolerance to mutation....
... Teaching and Learning
69
Approach, Concepts, and Development of Indicators 19
the diculty of building and reinforcing structural and institutional
supports, and a failure to agree on basic goals and ... Challenges
and Potential for
Collaborative
Approaches to
Education Reform
Introduction 3
CBOs and other groups in urban settings to address systemic barriers
to high-quality teaching and learning ...
Puerto Rico, and Santa Ana) were former UPP collaboratives that reor-
ganized to apply for these funds. e funds were to be used to develop
collaboratives to unite the CBOs, schools, and their...
... include
• Phytonutrients and phytochemicals: Thousands of biologically ac-
tive components have been identified and investigated. However,
there are still probably thousands remaining to be identified ... Arts and Sciences Program), and Joan
White. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my academic men-
tors David J. Hufford, PhD and Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, MD, MBA for all
their advice and ... (2003). A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obe-
sity. New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 2082–2090.
Giovannucci, E. (1999). Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and cancer:
Review...
... of the periopod and returned to the culture
tanks. At 24, 48 and 72 h after injection, the hepatopan-
creas and ovary of the shrimp were dissected for total
RNA preparation, and the hemolymph ... in
the hepatopancreas serves as an extraovarian source
for the final synthesis of vitellin. The newly made vitel-
logenin is expected to be secreted rapidly into the
hemolymph and transported to the ... rMeMIH-B
*
*
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Fig. 2. Histogram showing the relative expression levels of MeVg1
in (A) hepatopancreas and (B) ovary explants after exposure to dif-
ferent concentrations (i.e. from 0.3 p
M to 0.3 lM) of...
... DFID and UNDP. It aimed to reduce the level
of community vulnerability to natural and human-induced hazards and risks to manageable
and humanitarian levels.” This program was supposed to be ... society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and
recover from the effects of a hazard in timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration
of its ... adoption of risk reduction approaches,
and to channel support through government and velopment partners, civil society and
NGOs into a people-oriented disaster management and risk reduction partnership....
... European, and Asian approachesto fuel economy and
regulations; Chapters 4 and 5 review and assess technologies
to reduce fuel consumption; Chapter 6 assesses direct and
indirect costs and benefits ... 81
4-22 Fuel consumption reduction due to stop removal, with respect to conventional vehicles
without stops, and with respect to conventional vehicles with stops (50 percent load on
the left, ... Manufacturers, 20
2-3 Top 10 Commercial Fleets in North America, 21
2-4 Top 10 Transit Bus Fleets in the United States and Canada, 21
2-5 Top 10 Motor Coach Operators, 2008, United States and Canada, 22
2-6...
... perpetrators and their plans. To disrupt a terror cell’s planning or an attack in progress,
security organizations need to know what to look for, where to position themselves, and who
to apprehend, ... Department of Homeland Security. To contribute
to policy debate during this transition andto inform future homeland security policy develop-
ment, the RAND Corporation initiated an effort to reexamine ...
Current Approaches
9
An Alternative Approach to reat Uncertainty: Bringing Together Traditional Prevention and
Mitigation Efforts
10
Portfolio Approachesto Prevention and Mitigation—Pros and...