...
VII. The Veins
1. Introduction
2. The Pulmonary Veins
3. The Systemic Veins
a. The Veins oftheHeart
b. The Veins ofthe Head and Neck
1. The Veins ofthe Exterior ofthe Head and Face
2. The ... AnatomyoftheHuman Body. 1918.
7. The Notochord
The notochord (Fig. 19) consists of a rod of cells situated on the ventral aspect ofthe neural tube; it
constitutes the foundation ofthe ... ofthe Neck
3. The Diploic Veins
4. The Veins ofthe Brain
5. The Sinuses ofthe Dura Mater. Ophthalmic Veins and Emissary Veins
c. The Veins ofthe Upper Extremity and Thorax
d. The Veins of...
... improve thehuman
capital or skills of a country’s population, or to facilitate the employ-
ment ofhuman capital in diverse sectors ofthe economy. Table 1.1
provides the categories of reforms ... set of reforms designed to promote the use of
human resources through more-general reforms to the labor market or
the economy. In the case ofthe labor market, these could encompass,
for example, ... general interest
in human capital and economic initiatives.
12 Facing Human Capital Challenges ofthe 21st Century
We used the interview notes to provide an overview ofthe areas of
human capital...
... encoded another type of KLK11, isoform 2,
despite the presence of exon 1c. The secretory path-
ways of KLK11 isoforms appeared to differ, although
both isoforms were secreted from cells. Hence, the ... show the transcription initiation sites ofthehuman and a white arrowhead shows the transcription initiation site of
the mouse. Dashes show gaps and asterisks show the same nucleotide in the ... mechan-
ism of KLK11 gene expression.
Results
Three different primary transcripts are derived
from thehuman KLK11 gene
We determined the nucleotide sequences of 15 clones
of the PCR products from the human...
... to the
protein of interest. In the case ofthe rpL32 fragment
or the (GCC)
9
sequence, there are several repeated
ZF5-binding sites within a single oligonucleotide.
Therefore, the affinity of ... (1994)
Identification of a GC element in the promotor of the
murine L32 ribosomal protein L32 gene and the 3¢-ter-
minal region ofthehuman apolipoprotein A-I gene,
capable of binding with murine and human ... Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health
of the Russian Federation. The first pair of primers
(5¢-GGCCTTCAAGGCATTAAG-3¢,5¢-AAACAAATGG
CCTGTCCG-3¢) spanned a 958 bp 5¢-part ofthe ZF5
coding region; the...
... in front ofthe HSVtk promoter and transfected into HeLa cells.
CAT activity was normalized for transfection efficiency. The values of
the activities are set relative to the activity ofthe clone ... mL of sample. The column was eluted at
0.1 mLÆmin
)1
. Fractions of 0.5 mL were collected after the
void volume ofthe column.
SDS/PAGE and protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS
Samples from the ... identifica-
tion of NF1 by MALDI-TOF MS is based primarily on
peptide mass matches within the conserved DNA binding
domain, we cannot distinguish between the various
isoforms. Furthermore, NF1 exist in the...
... independent of 15d-PGJ
2
stimulation.
Thereafter, the precise site of action of 15d-PGJ
2
was identified by further 5¢ deletion analysis dissecting
the )192 to )154 region of Prm3. Deletion of the
PPARc ... (DR5). These data
provide direct evidence for the role of PPARc in the regulation of human
TP gene expression within the vasculature and point to further critical dif-
ferences in the modes of transcriptional ... 15d-PGJ
2
-suppres-
sion of luciferase expression. On the other hand, either
deletion ofthe latter PPARc (b) and RXR IV half
sites, such as within the )154 subfragment, or dis-
ruption ofthe RXR IV half...
... sepa-
rations. The purity ofthe enzyme was determined by SDS/
PAGE, and the molecular mass verified by MALDI-TOF
MS. The monomeric molecular mass of 52.4 kDa deter-
mined was > 99.99% ofthe predicted ... metabolism.
Rapid progress in the pathophysiology ofhuman diseases
has always been hampered by the availability of human
tissue, aesthetics, and ethical considerations. The principle
aim of this study was ... 2), with a K
i
of 100 n
M
.Thelatter
two compounds were also found to be mixed inhibitors of
the enzyme (data not shown).
The pH optimum was determined as 8.25 and the activity
of the enzyme was...
... exhibit the same pheno-
type as the heg mutant fish – that ofthe dilated heart
covered by a single layer of myocardium. The similar-
ity ofthe phenotype in these nonsense alleles suggested
that these ... failure in mice lacking Ccm2. The
connections oftheheart to the aorta, and
the associated cranial portions ofthe dorsal
aorta are narrowed in mice lacking Ccm2.
The paired dorsal aortae in a ... mutation exhibit a dilated
heart phenotype. The myocardium proliferates to a
normal number of cells, but instead of building into
concentric layers to form the walls ofthe heart, the
myocardial cells...
... structure ofthe 17
glutamines present in the wild-type G-CSF. The first column reports
the position ofthe glutamines in the wild-type protein sequence.
The second column indicates the percentage of ... determine the yield of
the reaction.
PEGylated G-CSF and mutant analysis
The characterization ofthe PEGylation sites ofthe wild-
type and mutant G-CSF was performed by combining
PEGylation ofthe ... The Authors Journal compilation ª 2009 FEBS 6741
The analysis ofthe trajectories ofthe equilibrated
MD simulation showed that the root mean squared
fluctuations (RMSFs) ofthe protein have their...
... loop in the primed side ofthe binding site
groove. Although the prodomains of cathepsins F and
W share the same degree of similarity to the prodo-
main of cruzipain, the similarity ofthe mature ... type of N-terminal tag was previ-
ously used for the expression ofthe propeptide of
human cathepsin K, and it did not interfere with the
inhibitory activity ofthe protein [24]. Although some of
the ... cross-inhibition of brucipain by PCZ. The pro-
domain of cruzipain shares the highest identity with
the C-terminal portion (residues Pro147–Leu251) of
the prodomain of cathepsin F (32%) and that of cath-
epsin...
... functional studies of Nog o-A.
On the other hand, the recent identification of Nogo-40
as a potent NgR antagonist suggests a promising starting
point for the design of potential therapeutic agents ... Zn
2+
.
Furthermore, the d etermination ofthe Nogo-40 solution
structure offers a starting point for further understanding
the interaction between NgR and Nogo-40, and for
future designs of molecules ... stabilized by the
introduction ofthe helix-stabilizing solvent trifluoroethanol.
We report here the structure of Nogo-40, a Nogo-66
Fig. 1. Schematic representation ofthe doma in organization o f the...
... with the
Gly93 of another.
The crystal structures of diubiquitin and tetraubiquitin
showed some alternatives ofthe quaternary c onformations
of ubiquitin polymer for e fficient r ecognition by the ... partic-
ularly evident in the regions of 28–43 and 71–83, that
correspond to the strand b2, the N terminus ofthe h elix a1,
the helix a2, and the connecting loop to the strand b5
(Fig. 3 A,D).
SuchalargedifferencebetweentheNMRandcrystal
structures ... residues 45–58 in the
former model and 40 , 49 and 55–58 in the latter model of
SUMO-2 and the equivalents of ubiquitin. Although the
sequences have only 18% identity, the protein folds of
SUMO-2 and...
... accumulation of cystine in the lysosome
[1,2]. During the normal degradation of proteins in the
lysosome, cystine, the disulfide-linked form of cysteine,
is not reduced in the oxidating environment of the
lysosome ... with which these CTNS mutant alle-
les can complement ers1D. Importantly, the inability of
these mutant ctns alleles to complement ers1D provides
the proof of principle for the utility of yeast ... analysis of Gtr1–GFP fusions in live
cells (data not shown). In the presence of Meh1, Gtr1
is found at the vacuole, while in the absence of Meh1,
Gtr1 appears to be localized to the cytosol. Given the
degree...
... in the absence of competitor. As shown in
Fig. 6, in the presence of an amount of free IBB-
HMGB2
186
comparable to the amount of protein in
the complex, transfection efficiency was only 37% of
controls, ... uptake of protein–DNA
complexes via endocytosis. The IBB-HMGB2
186
molecule in the presence
of the endosomolytic reagent was the most effective. Our results show that
recombinant derivatives ofhuman ... pCMS-eGFP-E2C-Luc
was used, which contains the eGFP-encoding gene under
the control ofthe SV40 enhancer ⁄ promoter, and the firefly
Photinus pyralis luciferase gene under the control of the
cytomegalovirus immediate...
... ions but the hydro-
lysis of ATP was also observed in the presence of
manganese, cobalt and calcium ions (Table 1).
To further characterize the ATPase activity of both
GST-NBDs, the effect of ATPase ... was tested of a number of allocrites to
stimulate the ATPase activity ofthe NBDs of MRP1. The
following compounds (tested at the indicated concentra-
tions) had no significant effect on the basal ... comparison, we have
measured the effect of S-decyl-glutathione on the ATPase
activity of MalK [40] and of GlcV, the ATP-binding subunit
of a glucose uptake system from the thermoacidophilic
Sulfolobus...