... cities and mountainous areas will remain great in the future as more hotels are being built in big cities and coastal areas. No one would take the risk of investing in constructing new hotels in ... purse strings and only spend money on the essentials, hindering travel and tourism. Therefore, all aspects of Vietnam tourism including arrivals and departures in the year 2009 have declined slightly ... declining every year.More Luxury Hotels Springing UpMany international corporations have recognized the promising tourism business in Vietnam and decided to invest. Many luxury hotels are being...
... to the cinema industry but also the tourism and leisure industries because of the economic impact of films on tourismand leisure on regions. From the industrial viewpoint, cinema andtourism ... freshness and changes, which sustain local interest in a destination and enhance its appeals to visitors. Tourist attractions and theme parks incorporate events as a key element in their marketing ... assisted Asian film industries including arranging about 200 business meetings (BFC, 2002). Film commissioners from 9 countries attended and exchanged information on shooting locations in BIFCOM 2001....
... of beginning and ending temperatures through 20oC, 25oC.The dates of beginning and ending temperatures through 20oC, 25oC are very important for defining the crop calendar and crop ... rotation , especially for defining the growing period for Agriculturein the North andin the Mountain regions. STRATEGIES TO BE ADAPTED ON AGRICULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT2) Long ... Vinh (North central region), Can tho and Bac Lieu (Mekong river delta). On the other hand, in winter-spring season rainfall is increasing trend which observed at Bac Giang, Ha noi, Nam dinh,...
... savings amongKenyan banks. Despite the liberalization of interest rates in 1991, nominal interest rateshave shown minimal increase, resulting in negative real interest rates, and a widening ... Savings Bank (POSB), non-bank financial institutions, savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOs), and development financial institution, mainly Kenya Industrial Estates. Informal finance ... “Rural finance guiding principles”. GTZ, Eschborn.Schrieder, G.R. and C.E. Cuevas. 1992. “Informal financial groups in Cameroon”. In D.W. Adams and D.A. Fitchett, eds., Informal Finance in Low Income...
... reported as $1.60--1.62 in India vis $1.16 in Sri Lanka, $1.40 inKenyaand 1.62 in India vis $1.16 in Sri Lanka, $1.40 inKenyaand below 90 cents in Vietnam and Indonesia (rubber is also ... ActắắStrengthening of buyer power exerting influence on the supply Strengthening of buyer power exerting influence on the supply chains leading to decline in prices chains leading to decline in prices ... (Kg./ha)(Kg./ha)NoNoCountryCountry Tea and rubber growing regions in IndiaTea and rubber growing regions in IndiaTea production (%)Tea production (%)YearYearNorthNorthIndia India SouthSouthIndia India All India...
... for this increase in expenditure to be entirelydue to an increase in business income. Given this, the increase in expenditure likely comes from both anincrease in income and an increase in the ... plot of land and are involved in subsistence farming in additionto their business. The main staple crop cultivated is maize.2.2 Background on formal and informal savings in Western Kenya Most ... estimating the impact of provid-ing comprehensive financial services (i.e., both savings and credit) on income (Burgess and Pande, 2005, in India; Bruhn and Love, 2009, and Aportela, 1999, in Mexico;...
... Figure3.4Projectteammembers‐fromLtoR:Datamanager;laboratory;projectteam(Kisumu)(Photocredit:BruceN,2009) In respectofthecurrent(integratedW&S and HHE)project,SWAPhasonefieldoffice,located in Nyando and managedbytheFieldOfficer,MarthaGembo.ThefieldofficerworkscloselywithNICHE and withthecommunities,beinginvolvedwithcommunitymobilization and ETLtraining,promotion and selling(atwholesale)tovendors, andin counselling, and also in implementing and supportingtheresearchactivities.Promotion and sellingofproductsisviaHIVsupportgroups and othercommunityselfhelpgroupswhoareengagedasvendorsofhealthproducts,followingcapacitybuilding(seeSection3.4).Thevendorsdrawnfromthesegroupsaremostlywomen,becausewomentraditionallyhavebeenthecaretakersofthesick,orphans, and aretheoneswhotakeresponsibilityforobtainingwater and cooking.Thereareafewgroupswhoaremixedwithbothmen and womenparticipating.Menarealsoinvolvedduringorientationworkshops and communitymeetings.Thisevaluationwasnottaskedwithcarryingoutdetailedassessmentofproject and financialmanagementprocedures,etc.However,alloftheseaspectswerereviewedthroughtheinterviews,viewingofsomerecordsofactivity, and observation.Theprojectappearstobewellmanaged,staffaremotivated and happy and goodrecordsarekeptatboththeKisumu and Nyando(field)offices.Initially,SWAP and NICHEweremanagedquiteseparately,butarenowmoreintegrated.Thespecificmethods,fieldactivities,datavalidityforNICHEwerealsonotevaluatedcomprehensively,althoughsomeaspects–notablythoserelatingtoHAPassessment,HWT ... Toexplorewhetherornotitispossibletoachievesynergies and economiesofscalebylinkingHWT and IAQinterventions2. Toexaminethepotentialforexpansion and scalingup in theimplementationofprojectscombiningtheseinterventions3. ... 49use and testing, and thesurveillanceforhealthoutcomes–havebeendiscussed in somedetailwithstaff.Issuesthoughttobeofparticularrelevancearereported in Sections3.5 and 3.7.3.4Education(health),productpromotion and finance(loans)Education and productpromotioniscentraltothisproject.Thekeypeople in termsofdeliveringthisarethevendors,whohavebeentrainedbySWAPprojectstaff.ThevendorsareindividualsidentifiedfromHIVsupport and communitygroups(typicallytwoindividualspervillagecommunity)mostofwhomarewomen, and whoarealreadyinvolved in someformofbusinessactivity,forexamplesellingagriculturalproduce(Figure3.5).Figure3.5Oneoftheprojectvendors(atrear,right)withtheproject and evaluationstaff.Thisvendorhadoneofthefewkiosksforadvertising and sellingproducts‐mostwoulddosodirectlyfromtheirhomes,whentheyvisit,atmeetings,etc.ThekioskcontainedasmallstockofHWTproducts and stoves.(PhotoCredit:BruceN,2009)Initially,visitsaremadetothegroupswhereSWAPisintroduced and allitsproductsarepromoted,emphasizingthehealth and economicimpacts.Thegroupsareencouragedtousethisasanincomegeneratingactivity and atthesametimeimprovetheirownhealth.The'EducationThroughListening'(ETL)methodisusedforallteaching.ETLisamethodthathasbeendevelopedbyCDC/DrBobbiePerson(SeniorBehaviouralScientist,CDC,Atlanta),whichplacesemphasisonencouragingthehouseholder/potentialcustomertothinkabouttheirsituation and needs and howtheymightbeabletomeetthesewiththeproductsavailable.Onceagroupbecomesavendortheyqualifyfortraining.Trainingcoverssafewater(onedaytrainingfortheentiregroup), and anintroductiontomicrofinanceservices,sincesomegroupsreportedthattheydonothaveenoughcapitaltopurchasetheproducts.OncetheyregisterwithKRep(theorganisationofferingMicrofinanceservices) and qualifyforaloanafteratleasteightweeksofsavings,theyundergotraining in businessskills.Thisprovidesbasicskillsonhowtomanageasmallscalebusiness,generationofbusinessideas,marketing,recordkeeping, and soon.Duringthebusinesstraining,theywillbetakenthroughalloftheproductsagain,theirusedemonstrated, and healthbenefitsexplained,togetherwithhowtheycanturnvendingtheseproductsintoanincomegeneratingactivity.Aclearmessagefromtheprojectisthattheproductswillnotbefreegive‐aways, and animportantissuehasbeenhowhand‐outsfromanumberofotherNGOs and aidorganizations(especiallyduringfloods, and drought)haveinterferedwiththemarketsustainabilityofSWAP'sactivities....
... on techniques for improving productivity, andin the process they themselves have gained more respect and social standing within communities and households, which has increased their self esteem.ã ... varying positions about strategies which are likely to be effective, including: (i) expanding the area of agriculture; 17 (ii) increasing per hectare production in agricultural exporting countries;18 ... to infrastructure and marketsFinancial capital x Increased incomes to farmersƠ2.4.3 SACDEP, Thika, Kenya 53Sustainable Agriculture Community Development Programme (SACDEP) Kenya is an indigenous...
... universities, and local communities in support of the methods and goals of sustainable landuse. In particular, NGOs can assume a prominent role in training and education atthe community level, in partnership ... isabsorbed and released. Intact forest cover allows rainfall to reach AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE HUMID TROPICS 32 Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in theCommittee on Sustainable ... work in March 1990. It sought to understand theoverarching environmental, social, and policy contexts of land conversion and deforestation and the promise of sustainable land uses—by integrating...
... travel andtourism marketing 38CHAPTER 4 The dynamic business environment: factors in uencingdemand for tourism 56Part Two Understanding the Consumer and the Marketing Mix in Travel and Tourism ... of tables xxiiiList of mini-cases xxvPart One The Meaning of Marketing in Travel andTourism 1CHAPTER 1Introducing travel andtourism 2CHAPTER 2 Introducing marketing: the systematic thought ... of tourism, international and domestic, day and stay, are involved in every one of the economic growth trends listed above. Tourism isCHAPTER ONE Introducing travel and tourism1 4 This page intentionally...
... purposes)Introduction In Kenya, a public-sector hiring freeze beginning in 1994has resulted in a shrinking health workforce that limits thegovernment's ability to respond to increased demand ... Touche, Kenya, was selected to carry out mostof these business functions, and the African Medical and Research Foundation, Kenya Medical Training College, and Kenya Institute of Administration ... continued effort to build leadership and managementcapacity at all levels;▪ professionalizing HR departments and units and ensur-ing that HR staff have input into strategic decisions and HR innovations...
... cross-sectional analysis of characteristics of HIV-infected adults initiating ART between2002 and 2009 in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania andin the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate ... in 2002 to 65% in Kenya, 53% in Uganda and 44% in Tanzania by 2009 [3]. Accessto ART has also had a measureable impact on the eco-nomic and social dimensions of life in Africa by increas-ing ... in Nyanza Provin ce and Nyanza ProvincialHospital. In Uganda, affiliated sites include the Infec-tious Diseases Institute and Mulago Hospital, the Nsam-bya Hospital in Kampala and the Imm une...
... culture training The information about technical training, training quality and rate of technical application were showed in the Table 6. 84.2% of households in the project area were trained in clam ... total harvesting. All farmers in the region adopted guidelines of packing the harvested clams after harvesting. Two parameters including cleaning clams after harvesting and keeping harvested ... Validation 36training from Australia. Over 200 farmers including 36 farms participated in the demonstration and received technical training in clam farming. Considering the size and duration of...
... and Japan, is faltering and the domestic purchasing power of many people is increasingly constrained. Simultaneously organic agriculture, under the name of agro-ecology, is increasingly being ... area is arable land; mainly maize and feed grain and therefore the crop enter food chain as animal feed. The rest of the area is under permanent plantations including vineyards and particularly ... elucidates and quantifies the impact of various determinants influencing purchasing behaviour of organic and integrated fruit and vegetables in Slovenia. Results of this research are aimed at enabling...