... demand and greater need to market. The large increase in reallowance to
selling brokers, 36 basis points (2.00-1.64 percent), account for most of the increase, 45
Review of Accounting
and Finance
The ... Loughran and Ritter (1995), and Brav and Gompers (1997). We examine how this
phenomenon changes surrounding the 1987 crash by looking at 1 year, 3 year and 5
year returns, both raw and Nasdaq ... Financial Economics, Journal of Financeand Journal of
Financial and Quantitative Analysis. He has also served as Editor of Financial Management from
1987-1993 and has served as President of Financial...
... coauthor of
Handbook of Financial Analysis, Forecasting, and
Modeling, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Accountingand Finance, Barron’s Accounting
Handbook, Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, ... Thinking Finance
Chapter 1 Financial Decision Making and Analysis
3
1.1 The Nonfinancial Manager’s Concern with Finance 3
1.2 What Are the Scope and Role of Finance? 5
1.3 The Importance of Finance ... Finance 5
1.3.1 The What and Why of Finance 5
1.3.2 What Are Financial Managers Supposed to Do? 6
1.3.3 What Is the Relationship Between Accounting and
Finance? 6
1.4 Financial and Operating Environment...
... interest charges and to
repay current and future amounts outstanding.
■
Employees – individuals and their representatives need financial
information to assess job security and job prospects and to support
collective ... indirect costs
such as lighting and electricity. The issue is, what proportion?
Guidelines are available in Standard Statement of Accounting Practice, no
9 on ‘Stocks and work in progress’. It was ... include distribution and selling
costs, staff costs, depreciation, advertising and promotion, research and
development, legal fees and the remuneration of the auditors.
The profit and loss account...
... Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bragg, Steven M. .
Accounting andFinance for your small business / Steven M. Bragg.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: AccountingandFinance for your small business / E. James ... management—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Business enterprises Finance
handbooks, manuals etc. 3. Small Business—Management. 4. New business enterprises—
Management. I. Burton, E. James. Accountingandfinance ... and
require replacement.
p01.qxd 11/28/05 1:37 PM Page 1
Accounting and
Finance for Your
Small Business
Second Edition
STEVEN M. BRAGG AND
E. JAMES BURTON
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ffirs.qxd...
...
requirements and International Standards on Auditing
20 (UK and Ireland).
E
We
report to you our opinion
as
to
whether the parent
Company Financial Statements give a true and fair view
and whether ... Annual
Report and the parent Company Financial Statements
in
accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom
Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally
15
Accepted Accounting Practice) ... International
Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued
by
the Auditing
Practices Board. An audit includes examination, on a
te
st
45
basis,
of
evidence releva
nt
to
the amounts and disclosures...
... Clue about AccountingandFinance 1
Chapter Two: Getting to Know the Players 9
Chapter Three: Understanding the Language of Accounting 17
Chapter Four: Understanding the Foibles of Accounting ... Four
Understanding the Foibles of Accounting
So why is it that the rules of accounting demand consistency, and not uniformity? Wouldn't a uniform accounting
system allow you to compare and assess ... their financial health and performancethe
first step in the cycle of finance. Businesses rely on three key financial statementsthe income statement, the cash
flow statement, and the balance sheetto...
... in financeandaccounting or already had a career in
the financeandaccounting field. Age is a variable that was examined in order to better
determine if there was a relationship between age and ... system and have brought
attention to the accountingandfinance profession. As a result of unethical decision-
making practices among managers andfinance professionals, shareholders and
stakeholders ... brainpower,
knowledge, and ideas. Success in this environment means attracting and retaining
intelligent and demanding employees. Employers will seek employees who have high
standards for themselves and the...
... Page ii
Accounting and
Finance for Your
Small Business
Second Edition
ffirs.qxd 11/28/05 1:36 PM Page i
Accounting and
Finance for Your
Small Business
Second Edition
STEVEN M. BRAGG AND
E. ... Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bragg, Steven M. .
Accounting andFinance for your small business / Steven M. Bragg.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: AccountingandFinance for your small business / E. James ... management—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Business enterprises Finance
handbooks, manuals etc. 3. Small Business—Management. 4. New business enterprises—
Management. I. Burton, E. James. Accountingand finance...
... the
variations from budget, with an explanation of causes and circum-
stances. It thus meets the second and third objectives of a budget:
to keep score and direct attention.
The System of Interlocking ... relationships between costs and activities may not seem
direct and quantifiable. This could be the result of delayed
billings or nontraditional billings.
ã Consider and try using moving averages ... operating budget and comprise the targets of
operation for every segment of the business.
To be effective, responsibility accounting must be tailored to
each individual business. The accounting system...
... set of finan-
cial statements that reflects the impact of the upcoming budget on
the company. At a minimum, these statements should include the
income statementand cash flow statement, since these ... dif-
ferent raw materials, different processing and handling, and dif-
ferent packaging and shipping. The new product may change
your marketing plans, and a proposal for capital expenditures
may ... product’s life cycle. Taxes and the treatment
of expenses and income for tax purposes must be considered and
adjusted for in the model. For example, increases in receivables
and inventories are examples...
... under-
standing about the availability and reliability of certain information
and data sources.
A major task in capital budgeting is estimating future cash
flows. The quality of the final budget and ... competitive products and the
price per unit, units sold, and market share of each competitor
5. Current and past pricing structures for all products including
price discount policies and the distribution ... Assets and Capital Budgeting
CHAPTER
2
75
p01.qxd 11/28/05 1:37 PM Page 75
of all credit card purchases, rather than relying on a cursory
scan and approval of an incoming credit card statement.
ã...
... an accounting system, both to reduce
the risk of loss and assist in attaining budgeted goals. The selection
of these controls should be contingent on an evaluation of the risks
to which an accounting ... cost of each
control point and its impact on the overall efficiency of each
accounting process. In a larger organization, the continuing exam-
ination, selection, and installation of control ... receipt and cash disbursement
functions. It is easy for a person with access to both the cash
receipt and disbursement functions to commit fraud by altering
the amount of incoming receipts and then...
... office box, centrally located in a market,
and authorize your bank to open the box and directly credit
payments to your account. This procedure has advantages and
disadvantages. The obvious disadvantage ... Identify those cash inflows and cash outflows that can be
rescheduled.
By identifying those cash inflows and outflows that can be
rescheduled, you may be able to balance payments and receipts to
avoid ... Sometimes talk-
ing with your creditors and working out payment schedules that
meet your needs and theirs can be an effective compromise. A sur-
prising number of banks and large companies are willing...
... business?
ã Can labor be expanded and at what cost?
ã Can the current plant handle the additional demand?
ã How much money will be needed to finance buildup?
The answers to these and other questions ... Principal,
are based on an electronic spreadsheet command. The com-
mand is derived from the debt payment amount listed in the
Long-Term Debt Payment Schedule line and the Long-Term
Debt Interest Rate line, ... to which they are applied.
Another source of stolen funds may be personal loans advanced
by individuals using homes and items of personal property as collat-
eral. Finally, an ultimate source of...
... sheet and
income statement, whereas operational ratios are oriented more
toward production, service, and sales—figures that may not be
accumulated in the accounting system. Because of this, standard
financial ... was done, when, and by whom.
ã She discovered two critical steps:
1. All work product passed through the two junior secretaries
and one senior secretary as they input, edited, and printed
out ... sug-
gestions will be given for a retail store and a manufacturing firm.
The firm of Simmer, Braize, and Broyle, P.A., is a Midwest law
firm composed of 6 partners and 11 associate attorneys. They rep-
resent...