... billions.
Every newspaper or magazine has its own features with many articles
and column for daily events. In addition, news story always plays an
important role and has a remarkable position ... important sentence in the paragraph. It
controls and limits the ideas that can be discussed in a paragraph.
In grammar, that topic sentence has two parts: the topic and the
controlling idea.
- ... stalling data
By Alex Berenson
Published: April 2, 2008
The lead outside investigator ona crucial trial of two widely used heart
drugs said in an economic-mail message last July that Merk and...
... of administration, scoring
and interpretation of scores. A test constructor has to take into considerations how long the
test will take, what special arrangements have to be made, whether any ... Testing and Assessment. An article on the web of BBC/ Bristish
Coucil.
4. Alderson, C., Clapham, C. & Wall, D. (1995). Language Test Construction and
Evaluation. Great Britain: Cambridge ... the test appears reasonable
or too easy or too difficult.
In addition, among various types of validity, content and face validity are considered to be
most important for teachers to consider...
... translation
25
3.1.2
Translation by a calque or loan translation
26
3.1.3
Translation by loan transcription
27
3.1.4
Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word
28
3.1.5
Translation by paraphrase using a related ... technical translation, and translation of
Neologisms will be presented one after another.
1.1.1. What is translation?
Translation, a phenomenon traditionally considered as an “art”, has been approached ... like constructing a calque, or loan translation; loan transcription
or borrowing directly with or without an explanation.
a. A calque translation
A calque or loan translation is the way that a new...
... encourage the process of change in
language teaching.
1
• The Functional-Notional Approach
In the 1970s teachers of the Functional-Notional Approach stopped teaching grammar and
started teaching ... meetings. Approximately half the teachers
surveyed have access to a cassette player at school, one quarter to a DVD/CD player and
one-fifth to a computer. Access to materials for preparing visual aids ... Mistakes are not “bad”.
• They are natural and unavoidable part of learning a language.
• They are useful. They show the teacher what their students have and have not learnt.
32
30-34 years ...
... experience and training 9
• Qualifications 10
2.6.2.2. Information about Schools 10
• Access to resource at school 10
• Conditions that facilitate teaching 10
• Conditions that impede teaching 11
... support.
I am sincerely grateful to Mr. Đinh Tấn Bảo and my colleagues of Foreign
Languages Department, Quang Ngai Teachers Training College for their attention and
encouragement.
I am appreciative ... Limitations and suggestions for further study 38
References 39
Appendix 41
iii
2.6.2. Findings and discussion 9
2.6.2.1. Teachers’ Personal Information 9
• Age of teachers 9
• Teaching experience and...
... important in language teaching. In fact, nearly all of the teachers at
DL1USS are very young and energetic as well as they have a good background of
vocabulary and grammatical structures. They are ... Positions of speaking in language teaching programs,
Difficulties in and constraints on learning to speak a foreign language, and Factors affecting
students’ participation in speaking activities.
Chapter ... has great influence on English
teaching and learning, especially on teacher’s management.
*Teacher’s preparation
Most of the teachers I observed had prepared their speaking lessons comparatively...
... study
The study was carried out on the basis of qualitative research method including
questionnaires and class observation.
2
PART A: INTRODUCTION
I. Rationale
In many second or foreign language teaching ... the task in hand. There are many advantages of using visual aids in a reading lesson
that the teacher can use. First of all, using visual aids can focus attention on meaning and help
to make ... The data analysis from the
questionnaires and class observations help the author have an overview of teaching and
learning reading at MSA. With more details about students’ and teachers’ attitudes...
... interpreted as in appearance, according to the outward
appearance or according to what has been heard (Longman, Dictionary of English
language and culture, 1999). In Vietnamese, they can be understood ... MODAL ADVERBS
Along with adjectives, a wide range of adverbs can be of Evidential modality. Some of them
act as prominent markers which are taken into consideration in this section. They are ... 1989), and Palmer (1986, 2000) into consideration
as principal ground of theory on which the Evidential modal markers are analyzed. The
reason is that we look at Evidentials as devices of modality,...
... towards
internationalization and globalization is developing very fast. So everyone needs to use a
common language. So far, many people have learnt and used English as an international
language.Vietnam ...
study, the data collection method, instruments as well as process of data collection and data
analysis.
IV. Data analysis and discussion
This focuses on presenting, analyzing and discussing ... discussion on the communicative approach as well as
oral grammar practice in teaching English grammar .
2.4. Grammar teaching from a CLT perspective
As we know, communicative language teaching...
... CLT as in the situations in Korean, Indonesian and
Japanese context. HaUI teachers' opinions about the traditional grammar based exams as a
difficulty and their priority of training in assessing ... information gap between the speaker and the hearer;
making a choice from his repertoire of language of what to say and how to say it; and
evaluating feedback from what he has done.
Information gap ... in a sense, a 'strong' version of the communicative approach and a 'weak' version.
The weak version, which has become more or less standard practice in the last ten years,...
... techniques such
as comparison, transformation, and contrastive analysis are applied in a quick-minded and active
way to find out a general picture about the idiomatic variants and synonymous idioms ... the author presented a contrastive analysis on the concept, formulation,
cultural traditional function, syntactic function and classification of simile in English and its
Vietnamese equivalents. ... contain three
main literature functions which are perceptive function, aesthetic function and educational
function. For example, the proverb Money makes the mare go demonstrates a remark as...
... intelligence, personality, learning strategies, attitude and motivation, teaching
strategies, environment and context of learning and social context.
Chapter 3 (Data collection and analysis) consists ... teaching and
learning situations, learners’ motivation and attitudes towards the target language reveal to
have less important effect than the factors mentioned above in this study. The data ... learning and adopting of a language
that is not your native language. Once you have acquired a foreign language, you have
mastered that language. Second language acquisition may be more difficult...
... affairs.
Illocutionary forces have three types of pre-conditions as components:
• Propositional content conditions put restrictions on the propositional content of an
illocutionary act of a particular force. ... organization giving it a status of a
communicative event. In English, as in many other languages, the clause is organized as a
message by having a special status assigned to one part of it. One ... interaction.
1.4. THEME - RHEME STRUCTURE AND EVIDENTIALS
Halliday (An Introduction to Functional Grammar, 1985) observes that in all languages, the
clause has the character of a message: it has...