a structured language model
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Structured Language Model" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 03:20
...
Proceedings of the
Human Language Technology Workshop,
272-277.
ARPA.
Raymond Lau, Ronald Rosenfeld, and Salim
Roukos. 1993. Trigger-based language models: a
maximum entropy approach. In
Proceedings ... University, Baltimore, MD.
Frederick Jelinek, John Lafferty, David M. Mager-
man, Robert Mercer, Adwait Ratnaparkhi, Salim
Roukos. 1994. Decision Tree Parsing using a Hid-
den Derivational Model. ... those assigned man-
ually in the Penn Treebank (Marcus95) after under-
going headword percolation and binarization.
All four LMs predict a word
wk
and they were
implemented using the Maximum...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Phonotactic Language Model for Spoken Language Identification" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 15:20
... NIST Language Recognition
Evaluation database.
1 Introduction
Spoken language and written language are similar
in many ways. Therefore, much of the research in
spoken language identification, ... Recognition
Evaluation (LRE) data. The database was intended
to establish a baseline of performance capability
for language recognition of conversational tele-
phone speech. The database contains recorded ... by a chan-
nel noise. The n-gram language model has
achieved equal amounts of success in both tasks,
e.g. n-character slice for text categorization by lan-
guage (Cavnar and Trenkle, 1994) and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Discriminative Language Model with Pseudo-Negative Samples" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 02:21
... that they have the dis-
advantage of being computationally expensive, and
not all relevant features can be included.
A discriminative language model (DLM) assigns
a score
to a sentence , measuring ... spe-
cific applications and therefore were able to obtain
real negative examples easily. For example, Roark
(2007) proposed a discriminative language model, in
which a model is trained so that a correct ... June.
Brian Roark, Murat Saraclar, and Michael Collins. 2007.
Discriminative n-gram language modeling. computer
speech and language. Computer Speech and Lan-
guage, 21(2):373–392.
Roni Rosenfeld, Stanley...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Combining a Statistical Language Model with Logistic Regression to Predict the Lexical and Syntactic Difficulty of Texts for FFL" potx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 21:20
... features, as described below: a
statistical language model and a measure of tense
difficulty.
4.1 The language model
The lexical difficulty of a text is quite an elaborate
phenomenon to parameterise. ... poems as outliers).
4 Selection of lexical and syntactic
variables
Any text classification tasks require an object
(here a text) to be parameterised into variables,
whether qualitative or quantitative. ... Belgium
thomas.francois@uclouvain.be
Abstract
Reading is known to be an essential task
in language learning, but finding the ap-
propriate text for every learner is far from
easy. In this context, automatic...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation" doc
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 04:20
... signif-
icantly. Bear in mind that Charniak et al. (2003) in-
tegrated Charniak’s language model with the syntax-
based translation model Yamada and Knight pro-
posed (2001) to rescore a tree-to-string ... Stochastic analysis of lexical and
semantic enhanced structural language model. The 8th
International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference
(ICGI), 97-111.
K. Yamada and K. Knight. 2001. A syntax-based ... (EMNLP),
858-867.
E. Charniak. 2001. Immediate-head parsing for language
models. The 39th Annual Conference on Association
of Computational Linguistics (ACL), 124-131.
E. Charniak, K. Knight and K. Yamada. 2003....
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Lexicon Adaptation for Improved Character Accuracy – A New Direction in Chinese Language Modeling" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 07:20
... parts randomly: 5K as the adaptation corpus
and 5K as the testing set. We show the ASR char-
acter accuracy results after lexicon adaptation by
the proposed approach in Table 3.
LAICA-1 LAICA-2
A ... replaced by characters, we can
treat words as a means to enhance character recog-
nition accuracy. Such arguments stand at least for
Chinese ASR since they evaluate on character error
rate and ... total path probability mass. This can be
amended by involving the discriminative language
model adaptation in the iteration, which results in
a unified language model and lexicon adaptation
framework....
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Smoothing a Tera-word Language Model" doc
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 09:20
... and Linda C. Bauman Peto. 1995. A
hierarchical Dirichlet language model. Natural Lan-
guage Engineering, 1(3):1–19.
Y.W. Teh. 2006. A hierarchical Bayesian language
model based on Pitman-Yor processes. ... n-grams:
C(ab) − C(ab∗).
A( ab) = max(1, K(C(ab) − C(ab∗)))
A different K constant is chosen for each n-gram
order. Using this formulation as an interpolated 5-
gram language model gives a cross ... Speech and Language.
R. Kneser and H. Ney. 1995. Improved backing-off for
m-gram language modeling. In International Confer-
ence on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.
David J. C. Mackay and...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Succinct N-gram Language Model" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 09:20
... com-
pression tasks achieved a significant com-
pression rate without any loss.
1 Introduction
There has been an increase in available N -gram
data and a large amount of web-scaled N-gram
data has been ... the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers, pages 341–344,
Suntec, Singapore, 4 August 2009.
c
2009 ACL and AFNLP
A Succinct N-gram Language Model
Taro Watanabe Hajime Tsukada Hideki Isozaki
NTT ... Communication Science Laboratories
2-4 Hikaridai Seika-cho Soraku-gun Kyoto 619-0237 Japan
{taro,tsukada,isozaki}@cslab.kecl.ntt.co.jp
Abstract
Efficient processing of tera-scale text data
is an important...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "SIMULATING CHILDREN''''S NULL SUBJECTS: A NEARLY LANGUAGE GENERATION MODEL" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 21:20
... Universal Grammar and
American Sign Language: Setting the Null
Argument Parameters. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
MacWhinney, B., & Snow, C. (1985). The Child
Language Data Exchange ... form a 'maximal' phrase or XP. Lexical
items are inserted as soon as the appropriate X °
heads (or XPs, for pro-forms) become available.
Each time a structural unit is built, and each ... while leaving the NPL and
NPI parameters set at the default (negative) values.
FELICITY can also be used to address theories
pertaining to other aspects of language acquisition
that appear slightly...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Scalable Probabilistic Classifier for Language Modeling" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 22:20
... Ducharme, P. Vincent, and C. Jauvin. 2003.
A Neural Probabilistic Language Model. Journal of
Machine Learning Research, 3:1137–1155.
A. Berger, V. Della Pietra, and S. Della Pietra. 1996.
A Maximum ... Discrimi-
native n-gram Language Modeling. Computer, Speech
and Language, 21:373–392.
R. Rosenfeld. 1994. Adaptive Statistical Language Mod-
elling: A Maximum Entropy Approach. Ph.D. thesis,
Carnegie ... Rosenfeld. 1996. A Maximum Entropy Approach to
Adaptive Statistical Language Modeling. Computer,
Speech and Language, 10:187–228.
A. Stolcke. 2002. SRILM – An Extensible Language
Modeling Toolkit....
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Preference-first Language Processor Integrating the Unification Grammar and Markov Language Model for Speech Recognition-ApplicationS" potx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 07:20
...
Lee, L. S. et al. (1990). A Mandarin Dictation
Machine Based Upon A Hierarchical Recognition
Approach and Chinese Natural Language Analysis,
IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, ... unification
granunar and Markov language model are integrated in a
word lattice parsing algorithm based on an augmented
chart, and the island-driven parsing concept is combined
with various ... correct rate of recognition can be as
high as 98.3%. This indicates that the language
processor based on the integration of the unification
grammar and the Markov language model can in fact
be...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Flexible POS Tagger Using an Automatically Acquired Language Model" potx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 21:20
... Information
Retrieval and Filtering: An Empirical Basis for
Grammatical Rules. Information Processing &
Management, May.
M. Magerman. 1996 Learning Grammatical Struc-
ture Using Statistical ... Programs for Machine
Learning. San Mateo, CA. Morgan Kaufmann.
3. Richards, D. Landgrebe and P. Swain. 1981 On
the accuracy of pixel relaxation labelling.
IEEE
Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics. ...
All this makes that the performance cannot reach
100%, and that an accurate analysis of the noise in
WS3 corpus should be performed to estimate the
actual upper bound that a tagger can achieve...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A NATUWAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE USING A WORLD MODEL" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
09/03/2014, 01:20
...
Ginsparg, J. M., A Robust Portable Natural
Language Data Base Interface, Proc. Conf.
Applied Natural Language Processing, 1983,
pp.25-30.
Grosz, B. J., TEAM: A Transportable Natural-
Language ... A slot
represents a relationship to another class using a
$class facet and mapping information to the
database schema using a Sstorage facet. The value
of a Sstorage facet denotes the class ... have an attribute
relationship. The phrase 'commodity A& apos; can modify
the phrase 'to sell' both semantically and
(Geneva) (commodity A) (to sell) (retailer) (name)
S(Sales)...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Applying a Grammar-based Language Model to a Simplified Broadcast-News Transcription Task" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 02:20
... linguistically motivated grammar
(a hand-crafted Head-driven Phrase Structure
Grammar) and a statistical model estimating
the probability of a parse tree. The language
model is applied by means of an N-best ... create an artificial recognition task
with manageable complexity. Our primary aim was
to design a task which allows us to investigate the
properties of our grammar-based approach and to
compare ... prac-
tice, but they have no theoretical justification. Our
grammar-based language model is incorporated into
the above expression as an additional probability
P
gr am
(W ), weighted by a parameter...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A New String-to-Dependency Machine Translation Algorithm with a Target Dependency Language Model" pot
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 02:20
... International Conference on Acoustics,
Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP).
E. Charniak, K. Knight, and K. Yamada. 2003. Syntax-
based language models for statistical machine transla-
tion. ... up.
cat(D
a
red apple
)
= LA(cat(D
a
), LA(cat(D
red
), cat(D
apple
)))
= LA(LC(cat(D
a
), cat(D
red
)), cat(D
apple
))
Based on Theorem 2, it follows that combinatory
operation of categories has ... Meeting of
the Association for Computational Linguistics.
D. Marcu, W. Wang, A. Echihabi, and K. Knight. 2006.
SPMT: Statistical machine translation with syntacti-
fied target language phraases. In...
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