... 20)same agr same agreement of anaphorand antecedent?same gramrole same grammatical role ofanaphor and antecedent?same semclass* same semantic class ofanaphor and antecedent?Table 1: Features ... pronounana npform NP form of the anaphorana gramrole grammatical role of theanaphorana agr agreement of the anaphorana semclass* semantic class of the anaphorante npform NP form of the antecedentante ... science, arts andentertainment, and travel.4.2 The MMAX Annotation ToolThe manual annotation of the training data wasdone with the MMAX (Multi-Modal Annotationin XML) annotation tool (Măuller and...
... embedding in a sentence6. anagram func grammatical function of anaphor7. ananpform form of anaphor8. anaagree person, gender, number9. anacase grammatical case of anaphor10. anas depth ... 17(1):51–89.Ihaka, Ross & Robert Gentleman (1996). R: A language fordata analysis and graphics. Journal of Computational andGraphical Statistics, 5:299–314.Kohavi, Ron & George H. ... top to bottom. If thelist contained an NP-markable at the current posi-tion and if this markable was not an indefinite nounphrase, it was considered a potential anaphor. Inthat case, pairs...
... systems to which we can compare them.We take this level of success as an indication of thefeasibility of our data-driven, modular approach. Additionally, our approach has the advantage ofwide ... contribute to a natural language understanding or machine translation application. Since WH dependenciesalso tend to distort the surface subcategorizationproperties of verbs, identifying gaps could also ... been dealt with as part of the syntax (butcf. Kuno, Takami & Wu (1999) for an alterna-tive approach) . Early generative treatments used a WH-movement transformation (McCawley, 1998) to describe...
... speculate, the supervised learning mayhave favorably worked to cause the same effect asautomatic feature selection technique. Features withhigh discriminative power may have been automat-ically ... proposed a novel approachto au-tomatic synonym identification based on supervised machine learning and distributional features. Forthis purpose, we re-formalized synonym acquisitionas a classification ... machine learning. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatic synonym identification based on super-vised learning technique. Firstly, we re-formalizesynonym acquisition as a classification...
... possible to give a syntactic definition of a speech act, how can the notion of speech acts be integrated into a formal, and in particular, a computational analysis of discou~? The natural alternative ... among rural Japanese cannot be attributed to facts of the Japanese language. What we could say, given the approach here. is that the set of situation-types which is the cnd-stata of NEGOTIATE ... situation-type so that the guy at the door now has the property both of having been told by the 114 A SITUATION SEMANTICS APPROACHTO THE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS 1 David Andreoff Evans Stanford...
... overall performance. The base classifiers can be expected to become more informative as more data are provided. We followed the structural learning approach (Ando and Zhang, 2005), which trains ... the training instances that do not have any errors to alleviate data imbalance in the training set. We emphasize the fact that the two learner corpora differ from each other in three aspects. ... researchers to utilize native corpora rather than GE tagged learner corpora for the GEC task. The native corpus approach consists of learning a model that predicts the correct form of an article...
... high-performanceanion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with a Carb-oPac PA-1 column on a Dionex (Sunnyvale, CA, USA)T. Naăgele et al. Systems biology of cold acclimation in A. thalianaFEBS Journal ... 3 software.Gas exchange measurementExchange rates of CO2were measured with an infrared gas analysis system (Uras 3 G; Hartmann & Braun AG, Frank-furt am Main, Germany). A whole-rosette ... Whereas manytropical and subtropical species have only limitedcapacities to cope with low temperature, plants fromtemperate climates, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, growat low temperature and can...
... integrated into a phrase-based decoder serving as additional distortion fea-tures.We evaluated our approach on large-scaleJapanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and ... source lan-guage based on both lexical and syntacticalfeatures. We evaluated our approach on large-scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and show that it cansignificantly ... Translation: Syntactically InformedPhrasal SMT. In Proc. ACL, pages 271-279. A. Ramanathan, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, JayprasadHegde, Ritesh M. Shah and Sasikumar M. 2008.Simple syntactic and...
... for instance, in fact is labelled as a prepositio'~aT-~rase rather than as an adverbial phrase. No attempt is made to show any paraphrase relationships. Putative deleted or transposed ... previously opened adjective phrase and continue an already opened noun phrase or 161 A PROBABILISTIC APPROACHTO GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF WRITT!N ENGLISH BY COMPUTER. Andrew David Beale, Unit ... prel~minary stage in developing computer programs and data files for providing a grammatical analysis of -n~estricted English text. From 1981-83, a suite of PASCAL programs was devised to automatically...
... traceInteraction rules Analysis databaseLogic EngineFigure 2.1: Analysis framework2.2 Analysis frameworkThe MulVAL core analysis fra mework is shown in Figure 2.1. An analysis database is a collection ... constantsIn Datalog, a term is either a constant or a variable. Datalog is an untyped language,so a predicate can be applied to arbitrary terms. However, to make a Datalog sentencemeaningful, ... applied to any vulnerability that matches thepattern. An underscore-led variable such as AttackSrc is an anonymous variable inDatalog — one that appears only once in a clause, and thus whose value...
... 1998. Machine trans-lation with a stochastic grammatical channel. InProceedings of ACL’98, pages 1408–1414, Mon-treal, Canada.Kenji Yamada and Kevin Knight. 2001. A syntax-based statistical ... Global Age. John Benjamins Publishers.Tony Veale and Andy Way. 1997. Gaijin: A template-based bootstrapping approachto example-based machine translation. In Proceedings of “NewMethods in Natural ... how one can use an ex-isting statistical translation model (Brown et al.,1993) in order to automatically derive a statisticalTMEM. Second, we adapt a decoding algorithmso that it can exploit...
... anodepotential was 10 V. Both end-plate potentials of the iontrap were set at 1.5 V and the duration of the electronpulse was 100 ms.Data acquisition and handlingPrimary data analysis was ... Commun. Mass Spectrom. 16, 993–998.16. Tanaka, Y., Sato, I., Iwai, C., Kosaka, T., Ikeda, T. & Nakamura,T. (2001) Identification of human liver diacetyl reductases bynano-liquid chromatography/Fourier ... were fed a standard pellet dietand tap water ad libitum. Appropriate measures were taken to minimize pain and discomfort for the mice, which weremaintained in accordance with the National Institutes...
... in language learning. Machine Learning, Special issue on Natural Language Learning, 34:11–41.W. Daelemans, J. Zavrel, K. Van der Sloot, and A. Vanden Bosch. 2007. TiMBL: Tilburg memory basedlearner, ... hasbeen argued that memory-based learning is at anadvantage in solving these highly disjunctive learn-ing problems compared to more eager learning thatabstract from the examples, as the latter ... information available in the training corpus andmodelling the task applying an approach similar to the one that has been applied to tasks like semanticrole labeling (Morante et al., 2008) or negationscope...
... Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process-ing (EMNLP).Masaaki Nagata, Kuniko Saito, Kazuhide Yamamoto,and Kazuteru Ohashi. 2006. A clustered global phrasereordering model for statistical machine ... and Ashish Venugopal. 2006. Syntaxaugmented machine translation via chart parsing. InProceedings of the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, HLT/NAACL.Andreas Zollmann and Stephan Vogel. ... ofmorphologically similar words into the same class.3 Ashish Venugopal and Andreas Zollmann. 2009. Gram-mar based statistical MT on Hadoop: An end -to- endtoolkit for large scale PSCFG based MT. The PragueBulletin...