... first PON standard was APON, which uses ATM encapsulation oftransported data and is aimed primarily at small business applications.Over time, APON was followed by BPON.BPON (Broadband PON)Currently ... ports enables OTDRtrace development upstream to the central office and downstream to the access terminal. Also, the connector ports available at the distri-Chapter 3 — Advantage of Centralized ... in the early stages of buildingthe ideal FTTX network cannot be overemphasized.Competition– Today’s carriers are in a life -and- death race to maintain and extend their customer base to secure...
... rdfs:Class rdfs:Container containers rdfs:Resource rdfs:Class rdf:Bag unordered containers rdfs:Container rdfs:Class rdf:Seq ordered containers rdfs:Container rdfs:Class rdf:Alt containers ... rdfs:Class rdfs:Class rdf:XMLLiteral XML literal values rdfs:Literal rdfs:Datatype rdf:Property properties rdfs:Resource rdfs:Class rdf:Statement statements rdfs:Resource rdfs:Class rdf:List ... predicate – object hay (Subject, Predicate, Object). Ví dụ phát biểu “http://www.example.org/index.html has a creation-date whose value is August 16, 1999” sẽ được biểu diễn dưới dạng bộ ba như...
... order to fully understand the technicaland economic implications ofthe final decision and explore system variants available. This is pa rticularly advantageouswhen Figure 2.3 shows that a set ... damage to the fastening system and/ or base material. Separation mayrequire an additional process, for example, re-heating a soldered joint or plastic deforma-tion. A semi-permanent joint can ... parameters must apply to all joining processes. Also, it is essential that theparameters relate to knowledge that is readily available and appropriate to the level ofselection. Having reviewed...
... reduction and taking costs out of manufacture and assembly. The analysis metrics associated with part-count and potential costs are inputs to concept designand development. As part of the DFA process, ... important manufacturing processes. Manufacturing PRocess InformationMAps (PRIMAs) provide detailed data on the characteristics and capabilities of each processin a standard format under headings ... effects of assigning tolerances and specifying geometry and materials in design have farreaching implications on manufacturing operations and service life, and the associated risksare not properly...
... need to be understood, that is appraisal (inspection and testing) and failure, both internal (rework, scrap, design changes) and external (warrantyclaims, liability claims and product recall). ... of data on the characteristics and capabilities of a range of importantmanufacturing, joining and assembly processes. The intention is to promote the generationof design ideas and facilitate ... unformed material after molding.Typical applications.Open plastic containers and panels.Pages of Braille text.Vending cups.Food packaging and containers.Automotive parts.Electrical cabinets...
... Kaya) and Tae Kaya (Greater Kaya). Pon Kaya, also known as Ku˘mgwan Kaya, was located near Kimhae. Iron slags dating to at least the first century BCE testify to the long importance of this area ... offered an array of practical in-formation about administration, law, and systematic procedure as well as knowledge of literacy and the traditions of other lands. This was a valu-able aid to early ... to an expanding Silla that absorbed Pon Kaya in 532 and Tae Kaya in 562.THE WA AND THE MIMANAAnother political presence in fourth-century Korea was the Wa. If little is known for certain about...
... is a loosely-coupled set of modules and libraries,each designed to handle a single task (ray–object intersection acceleration, imagestorage, etc), and written in a way that makes it easy to ... simulation applications. Ward describes its design and history in a paper anda book (Ward 1994b; Larson and Shakespeare1998). Radiance is designed in the Unix style, as a set of interacting ... include Co-hen and Wallace’s Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis (Cohen and Wallace1993) and Sillion and Puech’s Radiosity and Global Illumination (Sillion and Puech1994) which primarily describe...
... need to be understood, that is appraisal (inspection and testing) and failure, both internal (rework, scrap, design changes) and external (warrantyclaims, liability claims and product recall). ... dataon a range of important manufacturing processes. Manufacturing PRocess InformationMAps (PRIMAs) provide detailed data on the characteristics and capabilities of each processin a standard ... of data on the characteristics and capabilities of a range of importantmanufacturing, joining and assembly processes. The intention is to promote the generationof design ideas and facilitate...
... size range and generalconfiguration..Quality issues: standard information includes a process capability chart (where relevant),typical surface roughness and detail, as well as any information ... 5 and 6 apply to all selection strategies:1 Obtain an estimate of the annual production quantity.2 Choose a material type to satisfy the PDS.3 Refer to Figure 2.2 to select candidate PRIMAs.4 ... manufacture and assembly for concept designs. It enables the effects ofproduct structure, design geometry and materials to be explored against various manufactur-ing and assembly routes. A sample data...
... http://209.64.216.70/Adhesive2.15 Darwish, S. M., Al Tamimi, A. and Al-Habdan, S. (1997) A knowledge base for metal weldingprocess selection. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 37 ... Product design for manufacture and assembly,Marcel Dekker, New York.1.36 DFA Practitioners Manual (Version 12) (2002). CSC Manufacturing, Solihull, UK.1.37 Shimada, J., Mikakawa, S. and Ohashi, ... D., Raines, M. and Swift, K. G. (2001) Designing Capable and Reliable Products,Butterworth–Heinemann, Oxford.1.33 Miles, B. and Swift, K. G. (1998) Design for manufacture and assembly. Manufacturing...
... found to be approximately £0.16, and the calculated assembly time is approximately52 s. Note that a relaxation is not taken into account and the fact that the operator would beworking in a clean ... published material (manufacturingbooks and manuals), manufacturing experts and sp ecialist suppliers. Obtain comparativefigures for the materials to be considered and tabulate the values.3 Repeat ... database, reuse and control of data and traceability of decisions. The CAD work-station provides additional scope for the application and integration of simultaneous engin-eering software tools...
... injection molding and compare and discuss.6 Add the pilot data to the system and represent as such. Add reaction injection molding data and make as pilot data only.7 Check the data against known ... processing an ideal component, including maintenance and N ẳ total productionquantity per annum.The above values of A, B and T are based on processing a simple or ideal design well suited to the ... components well suited to the process and calibrateaccordingly. Calibrate the new process to known reaction injection molding case studies.8 Add data to main database, coded as a new process. The...
... bothmaterial requirements. The search indicated two adhesive types: cyanoacrylate and epoxyresin as candidates. A search based on the same parameters for all quantities indicatestoughened adhesives ... as a third candidate. As all the candidate joining processes are similar,the final decision would be based on process, detailed design requirements and economicfactors, such as cost and availability ... user to match designed features with typical assemblysituations (and associated penalties) on charts for each aspect of the assembly analysis. In thisway ambiguity is reduced, and the user may...
... applications.Building and structural applications.Electrical, electronic, automotive, marine and aerospace assemblies.Packaging and stationery.Furniture and footwear.Craft and decorative work Design aspects.All ... in areas including: parts handling and fitting processes, machine capacity and processingroutes. Adopting the Negari machine layout with multi-stations and manual handling and loading of parts ... adhesive are available:.Natural animal (beeswax, casein), vegetable (gum, wax, dextrin, starch) and mineral- (amber,paraffin, asphalt) based glues. Commonly low strength applications such as paper,...
... explosion..Welds as strong as base material in many cases..Surface preparation important to remove any contaminates from the weld area such as oxide layers,paint and thick films of grease and oil..Possibility ... ferrous alloys: low carbon, low alloy and stainless steels and cast iron..Also, nickel, copper and aluminum alloys, and some low melting point metals (zinc, lead and precious metals)..Refractory ... used is acetylene for most welding applications and materials, known asoxyacetylene welding..Hydrogen, propane, butane and natural gas used for low temperature brazing and welding small and thin...