... 5.2 The effect of Poisson’s ratio ofthe disc nucleus on the axial stiffness ofthe lumbar motion segment 60 Fig 5.3 The effect of Young’s Modulus ofthe disc nucleus on the axial stiffness ofthe ... various forms of spinal pathologies Patient- specificity of a finiteelement model ofthe lumbar spine in both geometry and material property proves crucial to the study ofthe pathogenesis of lumbar ... in choosing the correct mesh density according to the nature ofthe problems to be solved and the ultimate objectives ofthe solving the problems If the mesh is too coarse, then theelement will...
... Schematic ofthe laser bending process where k is the thermal conductivity, is the density ofthe stainless steel, ˜ is the derivative ofthe enthalpy with respect to temc ˙ perature, and Q ab is the ... computed by the method ofelement removal and reactivation and the use of a new initial temperature at T s to calculate the stress/strain ofthe solidified elements During the calculation, element ... cooling The thermal strain reaches the peak value of 0.0232 at 69.52 ns At this time, the corresponding average temperature oftheelement is 1673 K, which equals the solidus temperature The element...
... 1,1,1 only the right hand side was modelled Figure - FEA Elements Element Types At the beginning ofthe research a number of trial models were created Models with fewer elements as well as models ... movement in the Y direction due to the lack of bending resistance in the bolt BRS2 elements Therefore supports had to be added to the underside ofthe end plate This removed the shear force from the ... Scale Test Results FiniteElement Model MYSTRO and LUSAS FEA software was used for thefiniteelement analysis The FEA models were created using command files rather than the CAD interface tools...
... which bl is the layer breadth, tl is the layer thickness, zl is the z-coordinate at the middle ofthe layer, El is Young’s modulus ofthe layer material, Gl is the shear modulus ofthe layer material ... 10x10=100 Fig Finiteelement idealisation of axisymmetric Fig Finiteelement idealisation of axisymmetric problem, mesh AM1 problem, mesh AM2 y p x 100mm 200mm Fig Finiteelement idealisation of plane ... results of meshes ofthe axisymmetric problem model are different with the results obtained by the plane strain problem model The variation stress was rather smooth without concentration of stress The...
... the first to apply the concepts of fracture mechanics to concrete beams With the advent of computers in the 1940s, and the subsequent rapid development ofthefiniteelement method (FEM) in the ... be taken ofthe size ofthe heterogeneous structure ofthe material This implies that the maximum size offinite elements used to model strain softening behavior should be linked to the aggregate ... (2.15) in which [ Kc ] is theelement stiffness matrix of an element bei tween the contours Γo and Γ1, and Nc is the number of such elements The derivatives oftheelement stiffness matrices...
... Details ofthe network configuration and hardware specifications are presented The development ofthe parallel dynamic finiteelement program is described, with emphasis on the choice of iterative ... to the effects of cyclic loading and the magnitude of strains in the soil; the pile-to-pile dynamic interaction effects (also called dynamic “pilegroup" effects); the degree of freedom ofthe ... describes the software and hardware development needed to carry out the large-scale numerical analyses The details ofthe nonlinear finiteelement program for the dynamic analysis of geotechnical...
... that the each ofthe NDT markers consists of a cluster of several elements in which the elemental average values ofthe strain data are collected (C) The bar chart shows the percentage of material ... condition is applied at the surface nodes ofthe base ofthe neck of Model 119 Figure 38: Mid-sagittal view ofthe displacement magnitude (in mm) contour plots ofthe head-neck model, ... well as more detailed segmentation ofthe brain components, are shown in this figure The meshed model on the right shows the complexity ofthe integration ofthe brain tissues into its segmented...
... (composed of uniform elements -the mesh is too dense to see the individual elements clearly), (b) Mesh (composed of smaller elements around the point of impact and larger elements towards the edge ofthe ... into thefiniteelement model The purpose of this stage ofthe research is to determine the dominant damage modes that have an influence on the residual CAI strength To confirm the efficacy of ... followed by a description ofthe modeling strategy adopted in thefiniteelement model formulation of this research Chapter presents stage I ofthe research, where thefiniteelement model is used to...
... that the FE model closely predicted the residual velocity of projectile, size of perforation hole and exit crater for the perforation cases For the penetration cases, the application ofthe modified ... investigated The comparison ofthe above FE simulations with the experimental data by Maalej et al (2005) in order to verify the FE results 13 Chapter 1: Introduction The application ofthe LS-DYNA FE models ... non-deformable hammer The panels considered are 75 and 100 mm in thickness The FE models are also used to simulate the impact-force time histories ofthe drop-weight hammer The comparison ofthe above FE...
... exponent ofthe empirical formulation of G0 n number of joints in the lining ring where n > ndf denotes the number of degrees -of- freedom pt denotes the nodal pore water pressure at the current ... the effective stress stiffness matrix Ko coefficient of earth pressure at rest Ks' represents the stiffness matrix ofthe soil skeleton Kw the bulk modulus of water and n is the porosity ofthe ... pressure balance EPCG element- by -element PCG EQMR element- by -element quasi-minimal residual Z excav Lshield xv FE finiteelement FEA Finiteelement analysis FEM finiteelement model HCC hyperbolic...
... minimised The author hope that this thesis will address some ofthe problems involved in the 2D idealisation ofthe soil nail problem and hence maximise the user’s understanding ofthefiniteelement ... compatibility of strain in the nail with equilibrium ofthe system It considers the displacements at the head ofthe reinforcement to be the same as that ofthe facing It assumes a zone of Rankine equilibrium ... limited use of its output Most ofthe times, the comparison has been of deflection ofthe wall facing of reinforced soil and nail forces Simulation of failure or stability calculations ofthe system...
... undrained analysis The analysis aimed to investigate the effect ofthe pile cap size, the thickness and the stiffness ofthe granular fill on the percentage ofthe load carried by the piles The results ... 2.3): Profile A: The maximum settlement is located at the center ofthe tank This settlement profile could be seen from the case of flexible raft seated on deep soft soil The depth of soft soil ... that the behavior ofthe piles will be ductile For the case when one or several ofthe piles are overloaded, the redistribution ofthe load among the piles can take place The pile cap size and the...
... centrifuge testing and the other from a field project 1.3 Organisation of Thesis Chapter presents a review ofthe literature relevant to the study of this thesis This review covers the various popular ... a reasonable degree of accuracy with the aid of numerous methods that are available to him The selection of method would largely depend on the complexity and severity ofthe tunnelsoil-structure ... the surface settlement profile The method offers the advantage of simplicity with only parameters required as input The method needs an estimate of volume loss (Vl) and the trough width parameter...
... at the end ofthe chapter References to more recent work will be given at the end ofthe appropriate chapters Following the brief history, we introduce the basic concepts of non-linear finiteelement ... analyse a range of problems 2.1 A SHALLOW TRUSS ELEMENT We will now use the ‘shallow truss theory’ of Chapter to derive thefiniteelement equations for the shallow truss of Figure 2.1 The derivation ... in the References at the end of Chapter NOTATION We will here give the main notation used in the book Near the end of each chapter (just prior to the References) we will give the notation specific...
... (10.106) to obtain the components ofthe spin (WN)l* in terms ofthe stretches and components of U, while, from (10.92),we can further relate the latter to the components of iEso that (10.110) ... definition of (4.91) and (10.11) in that, in the former, one would have Q(N)’srather than Q(n)’s The Almansi strain, A(N), the Green strain E of (10.1l), the Biot strain, E, of (10.14) and the log, ... (10.56) gives the relationship between the terms in the tangent tensor (D,TK) relating the Truesdell rate of Kirchhoff stress, i~to the velocity strain tensor (2) with the terms in the tangent...
... represents the apparent extension ofthe interaction zone but only to that of their mother root The global response was essentially local, since only the laterals close to the tip ofthe mother root ... include sub -models describing the interactions between the roots and their exogenous environment, the soil However, the organs ofthe plant, especially the roots, not interact only with their exogenous ... responded In the second example [7], the growing medium ofthe root system was artificially made heterogeneous by the means of a hydroponics system, in which the major part ofthe root system bathed...
... Reminder ofthe complexity ofthe control ofthe activity of an enzyme In the bottom metabolic pathway, the generic metabolite γ can be: (a) a positive- or negative-feedback effector ofthe generic ... names (enzyme s names) in the metabolic system across the top ofthe columns ofthe matrix The matrix is often gigantic, having as many columns as there are enzymes, and the metabolite names (reactants), ... some of these modelsof metabolism are very complicated, they not (generally) involve the fine details of pre-steady-state or even steady-state rate equa tions for the respective enzymes The...
... breast screening - http://thomsonlifestylecentre.com /breast- cancer-screening-package The American Cancer Society recently launched new cancer ofthebreast screening recommendations The brand ... recommendations The brand new recommendations stand to find the best ideas in cancer ofthebreast tests rooted in the newest understanding The recommendations are targeted at women by having an average ... personal doctor concerning the benefits of regular self-exams and together determine if this ought to be part of your family healthcare Women should realize how their breasts normally feel and...
... diseases ofthebreast Lymphatics ofthebreastThe lymphatic drainage ofthebreast is of great importance in the spread of malignant disease ofthebreast but of lesser importance in benign breast ... above thebreast outline giving the ‘secondary mound’ The familiar shape ofthe adult resting breast is then attained by a recession in the level ofthe areola to that ofthe surrounding breast, ... found in these breasts, and they failed to recognize these as merely variants of normal processes within thebreast Problems of concept and nomenclature of benign disorders ofthebreast There...
... for the development ofbreast cancer The Society ofBreast Imaging and theBreast Imaging Commission ofthe ACR issue these recommendations to provide guidance to patients and clinicians on the ... irradiated breasts (when compared with nonirradiated breasts, Morakkabati et al., 2003) Finally, the risk of local recurrence is dependent on the age ofthepatient at the time ofthe diagnosis ... (BI-RADS), the interpretation ofbreast MR images should start with the analysis ofthe type of enhancement observed Magnetic Resonance Imaging oftheBreast 13 Three categories of enhancement...