... inFinland had negative effects on the appropriate use of ambulances, and the reform caused prolongation in the answering and processing times of emergency calls in Helsinki, the capital of Finland ... Helsinki, the capital of Finland [5] EMCC organization and EMD inFinland - before and now There used to be 45 municipality-based centers taking emergency calls inFinland There were no official ... reform inFinland Material and methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in the EMCC in East and Central Uusimaa, an area of southern Finland where the EMCC covers about 300 000 inhabitants...
... taken into the study Of those cooking, laundry, cleaning and transactions outside home are classified as instrumental ADLs (IADL) and eating, washing, dressing and undressing, getting in and ... weaker Especially the investment in domicile care would be a good starting point to improve independent ability in elderly daily living In the long run it could help reaching economically a more ... by the rise in the projected number of elderly population would require 1.9 % annual increase in operating costs Increasing staffing levels to correspond good quality care would increase costs...
... years of schooling and indicates the importance of drinking behaviour as a target for health promotion inFinland The results of studies made in other countries have been interpreted to indicate direct ... preference affecting both health and schooling in the same direction Finally, it can be due to reverse causality, arguing that better health results in more schooling In econometric terminology, Grossman ... content in beer, light wines, wines and spirits [28] The frequency of smoking (number of cigarettes per day) and exercise (number of minutes of training) were calculated in a similar way using rather...
... product innovations are especially relevant for high-tech sectors We investigate regional growth inFinland between 1993 and 2006, a period during which the economy of Finland changed into a high-tech ... trend is visible of increasing related variety at the regional level in Finland, although slowly evolving, which reminds us that the change of the industrial composition in regions is a slow ... Tampere, Finland Abstract This paper investigates the impact of related variety on regional employment growth inFinland between 1993 and 2006 by means of a dynamic panel regression model We find...
... Taiwan FinlandFinlandFinlandFinlandFinlandFinland Great Britain Ireland USA Russian Federation Russian Federation USA Germany China Japan Australia USA USA Great Britain FinlandFinlandFinland ... APMV-1/teal /Finland/ 12074/06 APMV-1/teal /Finland/ 12104/06 APMV-1/teal /Finland/ 12119/06 APMV-1/teal /Finland/ 12136/06 APMV-1/pochard /Finland/ 13193/06 France Ireland Finland Great Britain New Zealand ... A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 (H3) A/mallard /Finland/ 12072/06/H3 Japan Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong Norway Denmark Great Britain China China Hong Kong Albany USA Italy USA Japan Hong Kong USA China Ukraine Finland...
... Moreover, inFinland s reports for The NFI has been conducted inFinland nine times so far (Fig 1), each time requiring three to nine years to inventory the entire country The first NFI in 1921–1924 ... in tree growth in Finland: results from the 6th National Forest Inventory, Folia For 407 (1979) 1–12 [67] Tomppo E., National forest inventory inFinland and its role in estimating the carbon ... Carbon fluxes inFinland s forests between 1922 and 2004 Figure Average carbon budget of Finland s forests in the 1990s (carbon fluxes and annual changes in the carbon stocks (in parentheses) in kg/m2...
... Sarkkula at the Finnish Meteorological Institute, all in Helsinki, Finland, for their help in data processing The Finnish Cultural Foundation, Finnish National Graduate School for Clinical Investigation, ... astronomical seasons in Finland, Helsinki and Oulu, and according to daily changes (+/-) in temperature (T) and sunshine hours(S) in Helsinki and Oulu Winter: 21.12-20.03 Spring: 21.03-20.06 Summer: ... the morning-active cells [37] Interestingly, the speeding up of the evening active cells (e.g by sunshine) makes the morning active cells run faster in long (summer) but not in short (winter)...
... recently trapped in these same sites inFinland would be extremely valuable, in providing insights into the evolutionary rate of SWSV Such studies are now underway The emerging story of previously ... RT-PCR in 12 of 22 (54.5%) and 13 of 66 (19.7%) Eurasian common shrews from Finland and Hungary, respectively (Table 1) Prevalence of SWSV infection was as high as 77.8% (7 of 9) in Oulun Lääni, Finland, ... sequences of SWSV strains would be required to demonstrate intralineage recombination events Apart from the above-mentioned incongruity, the inability to amplify the S segment in six of the 25 L-segment...
... ampicillin, penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline and enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin Pathogens in bovine respiratory disease The bacterial tests were performed according ... strains were susceptible in vitro to all antimicrobials tested (ampicillin, penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin) Discussion According ... bovis from cattle in Northern Ireland, 1993 to 1998 Vet Rec 2000, 146, 643-644 Bryson DG: Parainfluenza-3 Virus in Cattle In: Dinter Z & Morein B (eds): Virus infections in Ruminants, Elsevier...
... out vaccinations, while vaccination is prohibited in countries that have eradicated the disease [2] Serological testing for the infection inFinland started in 1965, and antibodies against BHV-1 ... Commission have applied to Finland since then Annual bulk-tank milk surveillances and testing of individual animal sera for antibodies against BHV1 are continuing Competing interests The authors declare ... and district veterinarians The municipal veterinarian is obliged to conduct an epidemiological investigation to map the spread of the infection Vaccination against IBR/IPV inFinland is subject...
... fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and routinely processed; embedded in paraffin, cut in μm sections and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and examined histopathologically Samples included ... find out the species of filarioid nematodes occurring in cattle, sheep and horses in Finland, and their prevalence The intention was to determine if the species causing pathological changes in ... and Elaeophora spp infections in Tanzania [22] Filarioid nematodes and their impacts on wild and semidomesticated cervid ruminants have been under intense interest inFinland during the past few...
... [2-4,6,14,15] Intense self-grooming and hair plucking may result in a bilateral symmetrical alopecia, hindering the diagnosis [2-4,6,14,15] A pruritic skin disease affecting several cats in the same ... remained symptomless, the clinical efficacy of the product could not be evaluated The mites continued to be observed in skin scrapings after three dips, indicating that, despite the promising ... as an emerging contagious skin disease in cats inFinland - certainly belongs to the infectious agents that should be under close observation D gatoi-associated dermatitis resembles in many respects...
... breeds in the USA [16] and inFinland [17] In Finland, the mating statistics and foaling rates per stallion are published yearly by Suomen Hippos, which is the Finnish trotting and breeding association ... foaling rate in the whole material was 68%: 64% in the FH and 71% in the SB There was a lowering trend in the foaling rates from 71% (66% in FH and 75% in SB) in 1991 to 63% (61% in FH and 66% in ... deficient veterinary care and reluctance of owners to invest money in the treatments In the intensive and professional TB industry, veterinarians are an integral part of the business, but in Finland...
... must be obtained in foreign countries During the late 1980s and early 1990s legislation for chiropractors was introduced in the other Nordic countries In Finland, a new law introduced in 1994 licenced ... chiropractic inFinland Typically a Finnish chiropractor is working in solo practice, sharing his time between one or two practices Sixty percent reported working in a solo practice, whereas, according ... rehabilition equipment in their clinic, indicating that they also have the facility to assist patients with general or specific training following the acute treatment stage Regarding professional activities,...
... following variables: Sex, age, severity of pain at base-line, constant pain at base-line, pain turning in bed, problems sleeping, problems putting on socks/shoes, pain on walking, pain on getting ... pain past yr < 30 days ≥ 30 days 437 547 44 56 Pain turning in bed Yes No 515 452 53 47 Pain when sleeping Yes No 397 570 41 59 Pain putting on socks/shoes Yes No 639 334 66 34 Pain in walking ... of improvement as compared to at base-line in relation to pain when turning in bed, sleeping, putting on socks/ shoes, walking, or getting up from sitting This new variable was named better at...
... economy • Declining investments • Declining consumption • Rise in savings • Fall in imports The bust phase inFinland and Sweden, 1990–93: a stylized picture Starting point • Overheated, financially ... account this possibility The crises inFinland and Sweden are alike in their initial timing, both starting in 1991 and ending in 1994 Finland s crisis was deeper in both absolute and relative terms ... Growing consumption • Fall in savings • Growing imports Asset markets • Increasing asset prices (stocks and real estate) • Positive wealth effects • Increasing indebtedness The boom phase in Finland...
... tolerant and intolerant tree are difficult Few studies have examined leaf area dynamics in tion mixed conifer stands Schroeder et al [29] found increasing volume increment with increasing LAI in mixed ... diameter increment Height increment of the remaining trees was estimated from trees where height increment was measured using linear regression equations For Scots pine, 5-year height increment ... resulted in a small relative reduction in LAI, and maintained a higher proportion of LAI in the lower social classes than low thinning The greater LAI in the selection treatments explains their...
... Furthermore, in the present study, shooting was the most common method in Finland, not in Austria Finland ranks third in gun ownership in the world [46] In Austria, the firearms law was amended in 1997 ... scene in 54% of cases in Finland, 32% in Austria (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05) The most common methods of operation were suffocation and strangling in Austria, suffocation and shooting inFinland ... imprisonment in Finland, one year in Austria, and not more than four years in Finland, five years in Austria Attempted neonaticide is criminalised as well, but paternal neonaticide is not covered in either...
... Norway and Finland, respectively EM is present in Estonia south of Finland and infected foxes or raccoon dogs may carry the infection to Finland via the Karelian Isthmus (> 300 km) or in midwinter ... beginning of y+1 is given by the function [15]: PriorPInf y 1 PostInf y PIntro y 1 ( PostPInf y PIntro y 1) Where PriorPInfy+1 is the prior probability of infection in year y+1, PostInfy ... inFinland has been high since 2000, in Sweden since 2001 and in Norway since 2007 (Figure 3) Surveillance system sensitivity The estimated annual sensitivity of the surveillance system in Finland...