... particular the ratings andthe inputs expected from andthe involvement of national staff in the process There should be opportunities forthe Bank to present their findings both to the country ... external debt in the estimates of total debt stock Given the importance of DSAs for each lowincome country in the application of the DSF and borrowing from the IMF, it is necessary that these be conducted ... indicators for each country grouping and then estimate the level of debt distress as measured by the forecast levels of the selected indicators from the country DSAs This leads to a formula for determining...
... after the launch for this reason This will be followed by a description of the DSF, the PBA system for IDA allocations (including the CPIA on which it is based) andthe grant component, andthe ... growth of the repayment capacity and unpredictable exogenous shocks 16 Another issue that has come up in the use of the PV of debt in estimating debt indicators hasbeenthe fluctuations in the discount ... payments i.e the numerator in the debt ratios; the way to measure debt burden; judgment of payment capacity, i.e the denominator in the debt ratios; andthe choice of thresholds forthe selected...
... both are below the lower percentage deviation determines the level of debt distress On the other hand, if one is above andthe other below the threshold, the one above determines the level of ... percentiles of the CPIA index ranked in ascending order The CPIA for each country as described below will be theaverage ranking of all the indicators in theindex marked from a low of to a high ... in LowIncome Countries” by Mark Allen and Gobind Nankani, World Bank and IMF, February 2004 exceed the threshold in the next year and will continue to so for at least three years The table below...
... for low- income countries that includes “need” (income per capita) and “performance.” Forthe fiscal years 2003 to 2005, the Bank made resource allocations that were nearly five times higherfor ... times higherforthe governments in the top-performing quintile thanfor those in the poorest-performing quintile The CPIA rates countries primarily on the basis of current performance in relation ... assistance The Based on the recommendations of the External Review Panel forthe CPIA theWorld Bank is designing a new format that groups 15 criteria into four clusters The revised format will...
... years forthe blend countries when the per capita income had exceeded the cut off for more than two consecutive years TheWorld Bank maintains it should also be possible to further reduce the maturity ... 1987 Since then, the repayment period for IDA only countries hasbeen shortened to 40 years and 35 years for blend countries In each case there was a grace period of 10 years During IDA 13, the ... donors of the foregone service and commitment charges that reflect the cost of doing business to IDA The second is the undertaking by donors to replace foregone principal reflows over the repayment...
... years forthe blend countries when the per capita income had exceeded the cut off for more than two consecutive years TheWorld Bank maintains it should also be possible to further reduce the maturity ... 1987 Since then, the repayment period for IDA only countries hasbeen shortened to 40 years and 35 years for blend countries In each case there was a grace period of 10 years During IDA 13, the ... donors of the foregone service and commitment charges that reflect the cost of doing business to IDA The second is the undertaking by donors to replace foregone principal reflows over the repayment...
... donor and other financial flows; andthe CPIA process itself) Hence, the CPIA rating can affect governments for factors that are beyond their control; and • There is little debate about the effectiveness ... case for most lowincome countries - should estimate the ratios of their international reserves to imports of goods and services and monitor the reserve level when this ratio declines below the ... and labor-intensive growth) The United Nations has a stronger mandate to work in the political arena and assess governance than does theWorld Bank; • In today's world, many domestic policy decisions...
... possible for large borrowers from the IMF andWorld Bank, but the same is not possible forthe smaller low- income countries 64 Since CPIAs are central to the PBA system there is a need to discuss the ... from IDA for Poor Countries during IDA 14, IDA, June 2004 funding needed for IDA 14 is as important as the proposal for grant funding based on the DSF 61 The following conclusions and recommendations ... enhance the prospects that, if approved, the DSF would provide a solid basis forthe international community, in general, and IDA, in particular, to allocate credits and grants to low- income countries...
... long and short-term debt Debt Burden Ratios a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the amount of disbursed debt outstanding to the size of the economy b) The total debt outstanding ... faster thanthe economy Fiscal Indicators a) The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) service payments to government revenue b) The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) outstanding ... goods and services compares the current cost of future debt service obligations to the capacity of the country to generate foreign exchange receipts Only the current year’s PV is compared to the average...
... Performance Ratings for 2003 For each policy cluster in the CPIA, the Bank applies numerical performance ratings from (low) to (high) and these are converted to five “letter” grades The reason for ... another While the letter grades andthe quintiles from which they are derived are not exact representations of the numeric scores, they are still highly indicative The following tables present the ... Accountability and corruption in the public sector In countries with high scores, the reasons for decisions, and their results and costs, are clear and communicated to the general public Accountability for...
... lower educational attainment6,8–11 and incomes below the federal poverty level poverty,8,9 34 Medicare and Medicaid recipients, andthe uninsured had lower health literacy levels The Agency for ... mean scores at the standard (eighth and ninth) grade level for reading Generally, the association between FRE and Flesch-Kincaid and SMOG was consistent: the lower the Flesch-Kincaid and SMOG measurement ... consistently higherthan when the same material was compared with FleschKincaid Using the SMOG measure, the materials overall were written at the 9th to 10th grade level, with the lowest material at the...
... with the banking system; amass assets for education, housing, and other specified assets; and gain streamlined entry to educational, training, and vocational opportunities On the other hand, the ... Head Start parent groups, and teen parents Many of the trainers themselves are low- income During the training, trainers participate in each of the lessons in the same way their clients will be taught ... Denver has provided financial literacy training to over 700 moderate -and low- income adults sincethe late 1990’s Initially targeted to Individual Development Account holders, the program has expanded...
... both are below the lower percentage deviation determines the level of debt distress On the other hand, if one is above andthe other below the threshold, the one above determines the level of ... discussed by the Boards of theWorld Bank and IMF in February and March 2004 and by the Development Committee in April Following these discussions and endorsement of the general principles of the framework, ... for low- income countries that includes “need” (income per capita) and “performance.” Forthe fiscal years 2003 to 2005, the Bank made resource allocations that were nearly five times higher for...
... component of the rise in RE/SE/BIS lies before the intervention, and so the need for suctioning elicits more arousal thanthe suctioning itself In turn, the use of medication to attenuate the response ... promising; we therefore aimed to describe the indications for drug administration, and monitored patterns in clinical signs and EEG, in order to evaluate whether these patterns can predict the responses ... and were analyzed at 30 and minutes before the event (time points -30 and -2), and at 2, and 10 minutes after the event (time points +2, +5, +10) Results Fifty-one patients were included in the...
... 7) The change in the non-interest current account and net FDI inflows affects the identified net debt creating flows Moreover, sincethe GDP deflator is also set at the historical level andthe ... rate, called the discount rate The NPV of a loan is smaller thanthe nominal value of the loan, if the interest rate on the loan is smaller thanthe discount rate Example: NPV of IDA loan The NPV ... from the fact that the maturity of the bonds that determine the CIRRs is shorter thanthe maturity of most concessional loans The discount rate in the LIC template is related to the six-month average...
... we followed the steps below to review the literature These steps were based on the guidelines for a systematic literature review by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and adjusted for our ... Health at the University of California-Berkeley, TheWorld Bank, andtheWorld Health Organization The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are the authors’ and not ... in the acquisition and interpretation of the studies and drafting the manuscript EA, AS, and MV participated in the study concept and design, and drafting the manuscript All authors read and...
... balances—government, foreign, and private—which illustrate the major forces driving the U.S economy (and the use of which hasbeen central to all our work), are shown in Figure 1.4 The figure also shows the level ... U.S GDP The projection for exports is consistent with that published by the International Monetary Fund, and we allow the model to generate figures for imports The Appendix below describes the equation ... GDP—by far the steepest fall over such a short time in the history of the series This violent change in the flow of net lending is rather surprising at first, for there is nothing in the line just...
... judgments It must therefore involve the cognitive faculties of the mind in a way that does not conform to rules Kant concluded that aesthetic appreciation must therefore involve the way in which ... imagination and intellect (der Verstand, the understanding”) are in free play with each other – free in the sense that their interaction with each other is not constrained by any rule When the result ... law itself; and, in the same way, the apprehension of the beautiful in reflective judgment prompts one to take an interest in it Moreover, the moral andthe aesthetic are linked, for, as Kant...
... weapons and global media More socially, he lists the heightening of global consciousness in the late 1960s andthe inclusion of the Third World, civil rights, interest in world civil society andworld ... and, perhaps most significantly, the ‘[v]ery sharp increase in the number and speed of global forms of communication’ andthe development of global competitions such as the Olympics From theearly ... early 1920s to the mid-1960s, the fourth ‘struggle for hegemony’ phase saw disputes and wars about national ideals formalised from the previous phase Humanity was confronted with the Holocaust,...