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1960 and the index for low income economies has been higher than the world average since early 2000

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 1

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 1

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... particular the ratings and the inputs expected from and the involvement of national staff in the process There should be opportunities for the Bank to present their findings both to the country ... external debt in the estimates of total debt stock Given the importance of DSAs for each low income country in the application of the DSF and borrowing from the IMF, it is necessary that these be conducted ... indicators for each country grouping and then estimate the level of debt distress as measured by the forecast levels of the selected indicators from the country DSAs This leads to a formula for determining...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 2

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 2

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... after the launch for this reason This will be followed by a description of the DSF, the PBA system for IDA allocations (including the CPIA on which it is based) and the grant component, and the ... growth of the repayment capacity and unpredictable exogenous shocks 16 Another issue that has come up in the use of the PV of debt in estimating debt indicators has been the fluctuations in the discount ... payments i.e the numerator in the debt ratios; the way to measure debt burden; judgment of payment capacity, i.e the denominator in the debt ratios; and the choice of thresholds for the selected...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 3

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 3

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... both are below the lower percentage deviation determines the level of debt distress On the other hand, if one is above and the other below the threshold, the one above determines the level of ... percentiles of the CPIA index ranked in ascending order The CPIA for each country as described below will be the average ranking of all the indicators in the index marked from a low of to a high ... in Low Income Countries” by Mark Allen and Gobind Nankani, World Bank and IMF, February 2004 exceed the threshold in the next year and will continue to so for at least three years The table below...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 4

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 4

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... for low- income countries that includes “need” (income per capita) and “performance.” For the fiscal years 2003 to 2005, the Bank made resource allocations that were nearly five times higher for ... times higher for the governments in the top-performing quintile than for those in the poorest-performing quintile The CPIA rates countries primarily on the basis of current performance in relation ... assistance The Based on the recommendations of the External Review Panel for the CPIA the World Bank is designing a new format that groups 15 criteria into four clusters The revised format will...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 5 docx

Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 5 docx

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... years for the blend countries when the per capita income had exceeded the cut off for more than two consecutive years The World Bank maintains it should also be possible to further reduce the maturity ... 1987 Since then, the repayment period for IDA only countries has been shortened to 40 years and 35 years for blend countries In each case there was a grace period of 10 years During IDA 13, the ... donors of the foregone service and commitment charges that reflect the cost of doing business to IDA The second is the undertaking by donors to replace foregone principal reflows over the repayment...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 6 docx

Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 6 docx

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... years for the blend countries when the per capita income had exceeded the cut off for more than two consecutive years The World Bank maintains it should also be possible to further reduce the maturity ... 1987 Since then, the repayment period for IDA only countries has been shortened to 40 years and 35 years for blend countries In each case there was a grace period of 10 years During IDA 13, the ... donors of the foregone service and commitment charges that reflect the cost of doing business to IDA The second is the undertaking by donors to replace foregone principal reflows over the repayment...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 7 ppt

Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 7 ppt

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... donor and other financial flows; and the CPIA process itself) Hence, the CPIA rating can affect governments for factors that are beyond their control; and • There is little debate about the effectiveness ... case for most low income countries - should estimate the ratios of their international reserves to imports of goods and services and monitor the reserve level when this ratio declines below the ... and labor-intensive growth) The United Nations has a stronger mandate to work in the political arena and assess governance than does the World Bank; • In today's world, many domestic policy decisions...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 8 doc

Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 8 doc

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... possible for large borrowers from the IMF and World Bank, but the same is not possible for the smaller low- income countries 64 Since CPIAs are central to the PBA system there is a need to discuss the ... from IDA for Poor Countries during IDA 14, IDA, June 2004 funding needed for IDA 14 is as important as the proposal for grant funding based on the DSF 61 The following conclusions and recommendations ... enhance the prospects that, if approved, the DSF would provide a solid basis for the international community, in general, and IDA, in particular, to allocate credits and grants to low- income countries...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 9 pptx

Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 9 pptx

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... long and short-term debt Debt Burden Ratios a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the amount of disbursed debt outstanding to the size of the economy b) The total debt outstanding ... faster than the economy Fiscal Indicators a) The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) service payments to government revenue b) The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) outstanding ... goods and services compares the current cost of future debt service obligations to the capacity of the country to generate foreign exchange receipts Only the current year’s PV is compared to the average...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 10 doc

Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 10 doc

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... Performance Ratings for 2003 For each policy cluster in the CPIA, the Bank applies numerical performance ratings from (low) to (high) and these are converted to five “letter” grades The reason for ... another While the letter grades and the quintiles from which they are derived are not exact representations of the numeric scores, they are still highly indicative The following tables present the ... Accountability and corruption in the public sector In countries with high scores, the reasons for decisions, and their results and costs, are clear and communicated to the general public Accountability for...
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Tài liệu Readability and Patient Education Materials Used for Low-Income Populations pptx

Tài liệu Readability and Patient Education Materials Used for Low-Income Populations pptx

Sức khỏe giới tính

... lower educational attainment6,8–11 and incomes below the federal poverty level poverty,8,9 34 Medicare and Medicaid recipients, and the uninsured had lower health literacy levels The Agency for ... mean scores at the standard (eighth and ninth) grade level for reading Generally, the association between FRE and Flesch-Kincaid and SMOG was consistent: the lower the Flesch-Kincaid and SMOG measurement ... consistently higher than when the same material was compared with FleschKincaid Using the SMOG measure, the materials overall were written at the 9th to 10th grade level, with the lowest material at the...
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Providing and Funding Financial Literacy Programs for Low- Income Adults and Youth pot

Providing and Funding Financial Literacy Programs for Low- Income Adults and Youth pot

Tài chính doanh nghiệp

... with the banking system; amass assets for education, housing, and other specified assets; and gain streamlined entry to educational, training, and vocational opportunities On the other hand, the ... Head Start parent groups, and teen parents Many of the trainers themselves are low- income During the training, trainers participate in each of the lessons in the same way their clients will be taught ... Denver has provided financial literacy training to over 700 moderate -and low- income adults since the late 1990’s Initially targeted to Individual Development Account holders, the program has expanded...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES: POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS doc

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES: POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS doc

Quản lý nhà nước

... both are below the lower percentage deviation determines the level of debt distress On the other hand, if one is above and the other below the threshold, the one above determines the level of ... discussed by the Boards of the World Bank and IMF in February and March 2004 and by the Development Committee in April Following these discussions and endorsement of the general principles of the framework, ... for low- income countries that includes “need” (income per capita) and “performance.” For the fiscal years 2003 to 2005, the Bank made resource allocations that were nearly five times higher for...
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Báo cáo y học:

Báo cáo y học: "Entropy and bispectral index for assessment of sedation, analgesia and the effects of unpleasant stimuli in critically ill patients: an observational study" potx

Báo cáo khoa học

... component of the rise in RE/SE/BIS lies before the intervention, and so the need for suctioning elicits more arousal than the suctioning itself In turn, the use of medication to attenuate the response ... promising; we therefore aimed to describe the indications for drug administration, and monitored patterns in clinical signs and EEG, in order to evaluate whether these patterns can predict the responses ... and were analyzed at 30 and minutes before the event (time points -30 and -2), and at 2, and 10 minutes after the event (time points +2, +5, +10) Results Fifty-one patients were included in the...
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How to do a Debt Sustainability Analysis for Low-Income Countries pdf

How to do a Debt Sustainability Analysis for Low-Income Countries pdf

Ngân hàng - Tín dụng

... 7) The change in the non-interest current account and net FDI inflows affects the identified net debt creating flows Moreover, since the GDP deflator is also set at the historical level and the ... rate, called the discount rate The NPV of a loan is smaller than the nominal value of the loan, if the interest rate on the loan is smaller than the discount rate Example: NPV of IDA loan The NPV ... from the fact that the maturity of the bonds that determine the CIRRs is shorter than the maturity of most concessional loans The discount rate in the LIC template is related to the six-month average...
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báo cáo sinh học:

báo cáo sinh học:" Health workforce skill mix and task shifting in low income countries: a review of recent evidence" pptx

Điện - Điện tử

... we followed the steps below to review the literature These steps were based on the guidelines for a systematic literature review by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and adjusted for our ... Health at the University of California-Berkeley, The World Bank, and the World Health Organization The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are the authors’ and not ... in the acquisition and interpretation of the studies and drafting the manuscript EA, AS, and MV participated in the study concept and design, and drafting the manuscript All authors read and...
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Prospects for the united states and the world a crisis that conventional remedies cannot resolve

Prospects for the united states and the world a crisis that conventional remedies cannot resolve

Cao đẳng - Đại học

... balances—government, foreign, and private—which illustrate the major forces driving the U.S economy (and the use of which has been central to all our work), are shown in Figure 1.4 The figure also shows the level ... U.S GDP The projection for exports is consistent with that published by the International Monetary Fund, and we allow the model to generate figures for imports The Appendix below describes the equation ... GDP—by far the steepest fall over such a short time in the history of the series This violent change in the flow of net lending is rather surprising at first, for there is nothing in the line just...
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The revolution in philosophy (III) - aesthetic taste, teleology, and the world order

The revolution in philosophy (III) - aesthetic taste, teleology, and the world order

TOEFL - IELTS - TOEIC

... judgments It must therefore involve the cognitive faculties of the mind in a way that does not conform to rules Kant concluded that aesthetic appreciation must therefore involve the way in which ... imagination and intellect (der Verstand, the understanding”) are in free play with each other – free in the sense that their interaction with each other is not constrained by any rule When the result ... law itself; and, in the same way, the apprehension of the beautiful in reflective judgment prompts one to take an interest in it Moreover, the moral and the aesthetic are linked, for, as Kant...
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Globalisation and the World Revolution

Globalisation and the World Revolution

TOEFL - IELTS - TOEIC

... weapons and global media More socially, he lists the heightening of global consciousness in the late 1960s and the inclusion of the Third World, civil rights, interest in world civil society and world ... and, perhaps most significantly, the ‘[v]ery sharp increase in the number and speed of global forms of communication’ and the development of global competitions such as the Olympics From the early ... early 1920s to the mid-1960s, the fourth ‘struggle for hegemony’ phase saw disputes and wars about national ideals formalised from the previous phase Humanity was confronted with the Holocaust,...
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