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Contents
Overview 1
Optimizing a Web Server 2
Monitoring and Optimizing Memory
Usage 14
Monitoring and Optimizing Processor
Activity 19
Monitoring and Optimizing the Available
Network Bandwidth 25
Managing Log Files 29
Lab A: Monitoring Log Files 37
Optimizing a Web Site 41
Lab B: Monitoring Performance on an IIS
Server 49
Review 60
Module 6: Monitoring
and Optimizing a Web
Server
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Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server iii
Instructor Notes
This module provides students with the knowledge and skills that are necessary
to monitor and optimize a Web server.
After completing this module, students will be able to:
Optimize a Web server.
Monitor and optimize memory usage.
Monitor and optimize processor activity.
Monitor and optimize the available network bandwidth.
Manage log files.
Optimize a Web site.
Materials and Preparation
This section provides the materials and preparation tasks that you need to teach
this module.
Required Materials
To teach this module, you need the Microsoft® PowerPoint® file 2295a_06.ppt.
Preparation Tasks
To prepare for this module, you should:
Read all of the materials for this module.
Complete the labs.
Read the white paper, The Art and Science of Web Server Tuning with
Internet Information Services 5.0, under Additional Reading on the Web
page on the Student Materials compact disc.
Read the white paper, Web Server Capacity Planning, under Additional
Reading on the Web page on the Student Materials compact disc.
Read Appendix B, “Transmission Rate Counters,” in Course 2295A,
Implementing and Supporting Microsoft Internet Information Services 5.0.
Presentation:
90 Minutes
Labs:
75 Minutes
iv Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server
Demonstration
This section provides demonstration procedures that will not fit in the margin
notes or are not appropriate for the student notes.
Building a Test Script
To prepare for the demonstration
1. Review the procedure for installing the Exploration Air Demo Web site.
2. Review the procedure for installing the Microsoft Web Application Stress
Tool.
3. Review the procedure for creating a script by using the Web Application
Stress Tool.
Module Strategy
Use the following strategy to present this module:
Optimizing a Web Server
This topic outlines several considerations for optimizing a Web server.
Explain how to plan Web server capacity by estimating the network traffic
for a Web server and considering the impact that Web page elements have
on available network bandwidth and on CPU, memory, and hard disk
performance. Demonstrate the procedures for limiting connections to a Web
site and enabling Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) compression to
improve transmission speed.
When discussing how to monitor and optimize Web applications, open
System Monitor and point out each of the performance counters that are
listed in the table for the Microsoft Active Server Pages and the Web
Service performance objects. Next, describe the techniques that you can use
to improve Web application performance, and then explain how
implementing Network Load Balancing can reduce the risk of an application
failure even if a Web server is attacked or it experiences a forced failure.
Finally, describe the performance counters that you can use to gather
baseline information about Web server performance.
Monitoring and Optimizing Memory Usage
This topic describes how to monitor memory usage to determine whether
your Web server has adequate physical memory for Microsoft Internet
Information Services (IIS) 5.0 to run efficiently. Explain how to use the
Memory performance object in System Monitor to monitor physical and
paged memory. Next, discuss the ways in which you can optimize memory
usage without adding memory to your Web server.
Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server v
Monitoring and Optimizing Processor Activity
This topic describes how to monitor and optimize processor activity when
one or more processes use a large percentage of processor time. Describe
the performance counters that you can use to identify potential processor
bottlenecks. Explain how to improve performance if the processor activity
level is too high. Next, demonstrate the procedure for enabling process
throttling. Finally, describe the performance counters that you can use to
monitor IIS 5.0 service connections, explain the procedure for disabling
HTTP Keep-Alives, and discuss the process of identifying a processor
bottleneck by analyzing connection data.
Monitoring and Optimizing the Available Network Bandwidth
This topic describes how to monitor and optimize the available network
bandwidth to ensure optimal usage. Explain the ways in which bandwidth is
measured, and describe the performance counters for each of the Open
Systems Interconnectivity (OSI) layers, which are listed in Appendix B,
“Transmission Rate Counters,” in Course 2295A, Implementing and
Supporting Microsoft Internet Information Services 5.0.
Next, describe the guidelines for interpreting data provided by transmission
rate performance counters. Finally, demonstrate the procedure for enabling
bandwidth throttling to limit the bandwidth used by Web and File Transfer
Protocol (FTP) services on your computer.
vi Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server
Managing Log Files
This topic describes how to enable and manage log files for a Web site to
collect information about user activity. Describe the log file formats that are
available when you enable logging on a Web or FTP site. Demonstrate the
procedures for enabling logging on a Web or FTP site, configuring logging
for a specific directory, and setting logging properties. Next, demonstrate
the procedure for enabling process accounting to log resource usage by a
Web site. Then, describe the strategy for setting up Open Database
Connectivity (ODBC) logging and describe the procedure for converting log
files to other formats.
Optimizing a Web Site
This topic describes the ways in which you can optimize the performance of
your Web site. Explain how to test a Web site using the Microsoft Web
Application Stress Tool, which needs to be installed on the master client
computer. You must not install the Web Application Stress Tool on the Web
server you are testing because doing so may interfere with your results.
Describe the different methods for creating test scripts, and then
demonstrate how to build a test script by using the Web Application Stress
Tool. In this demonstration, you will install the Exploration Air Demo Web
site, and then you will install the Web Application Stress Tool and build the
script by clicking on the links in the Exploration Air Web site.
Tell the students that they should not perform the demonstration steps
on their own computers. Doing so will prevent them from being able to
perform the next lab. The steps in the manual have been provided for future
reference, if necessary.
Next, explain the strategies that you can use to optimize the performance of
your Web site. In addition, describe the security considerations and the
procedure for setting Microsoft Windows
® 2000 as an application server to
improve Web site performance.
Finally, describe how to use the Performance tuning slider on the
Performance property sheet to specify the amount of memory that IIS will
reserve in its cache.
Customization Information
This section identifies the lab setup requirements for a module and the
configuration changes that occur on student computers during the labs. This
information is provided to assist you in replicating or customizing Training and
Certification courseware.
This module includes only computer-based interactive lab exercises and, as a
result, there are no lab setup requirements or configuration changes that affect
replication or customization.
The labs in this module are also dependent on the classroom
configuration that is specified in the Customization Information section at the
end of the Classroom Setup Guide for Course 2295A, Implementing and
Supporting Microsoft Internet Information Services 5.0.
Note
Importan
t
Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server 1
Overview
Optimizing a Web Server
Monitoring and Optimizing Memory Usage
Monitoring and Optimizing Processor Activity
Monitoring and Optimizing the Available Network
Bandwidth
Managing Log Files
Optimizing a Web Site
*****************************
ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE******************************
To optimize Web server performance, you must examine every part of the
system for potential performance problems. Performance problems can be
caused by inadequate or improperly configured hardware or by software
settings in either Microsoft
® Internet Information Services (IIS) 5.0 or
Microsoft Windows
® 2000. You can use the tools included in IIS and
Windows 2000 to monitor Web server performance. After you gather and
analyze performance data, you can determine the cause of performance
problems and make any necessary changes.
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Optimize a Web server.
Monitor and optimize memory usage.
Monitor and optimize processor activity.
Monitor and optimize the available network bandwidth.
Manage log files.
Optimize a Web site.
Topic Objective
To provide an overview of
the module topics and
objectives.
Lead-in
In this module, you will learn
about monitoring and
optimizing Web server
performance.
2 Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server
Optimizing a Web Server
Planning Web Server Capacity
Configuring Web Server Capacity
Monitoring and Optimizing Web Applications
Implementing Network Load Balancing
Gathering Baseline Information
*****************************
ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE******************************
To optimize a Web server, you must first plan Web server capacity by
estimating the network traffic for your Web server and considering the impact
that Web page elements have on available network bandwidth and on CPU,
memory, and hard disk performance. You can then configure Web server
capacity by limiting the number of simultaneous connections to the Web server
and by enabling Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) compression to improve
transmission speed.
You can use System Monitor, which is part of the Performance tool in
Windows 2000, to monitor application performance. In addition, you can use
several techniques to increase the speed and efficiency of your Web
applications. Finally, you can gather baseline information to track the
performance of your Web server.
For more information about optimizing a Web server, see the
white paper, The Art and Science of Web Server Tuning with Internet
Information Services 5.0, under Additional Reading on the Web page on the
Student Materials compact disc.
Topic Objective
To outline the topics that are
relevant to optimizing a Web
server.
Lead-in
There are several
considerations for optimizing
a Web server.
Delivery Tip
Refer students to the white
paper, The Art and Science
of Web Server Tuning with
Internet Information
Services 5.0, under
Additional Reading on the
Web page on the Student
Materials compact disc.
Note
Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server 3
Planning Web Server Capacity
To Plan Web Server Capacity:
To Plan Web Server Capacity:
To Plan Web Server Capacity:
Estimate network traffic on your Web server
Consider the impact that Web page elements
have on available network bandwidth and on
CPU, memory, and hard disk performance
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Web Server
*****************************
ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE******************************
To ensure a successful implementation of IIS, your Web server must have
adequate capacity to handle the network traffic. You must plan Web server
capacity so that your hardware and software meets current needs and can be
expanded or upgraded as traffic increases.
Network Traffic and Connection Types
Traffic on a Web server is the combination of incoming requests from browsers
and outgoing responses. Web sites periodically experience high activity levels,
thus the traffic load is variable. The more visitors your site has and the larger
the pages it provides, the more network bandwidth your server requires.
The following table describes the traffic that is generated by a typical request
for a 5-kilobyte (KB) page.
Traffic type Bytes sent
Transfer Control Protocol (TCP)
connection
180 (approximate)
Client GET request 256 (approximate)
5-KB page 5,120
Protocol overhead 1,364 (approximate)
Topic Objective
To outline the necessary
considerations for planning
Web server capacity.
Lead-in
Estimate the network traffic
for your Web server to plan
Web server capacity.
4 Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server
The following table describes different connection types, their speeds, and the
number of 5-KB pages sent per second.
Connection type
Connection speed
Approximate number
of 5-KB pages sent
per second
Dedicated Point-to-Point
Protocol/Serial Line Internet Protocol
(PPP/SLIP) by using a modem
28.8 kilobits per
second (Kbps)
½ page
Frame Relay or fast modem 56 Kbps 1 page
Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN)
128 Kbps 2 pages
Typical Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 640 Kbps 11 pages
DS1/T1 1.536 megabits per
second (Mbps)
28 pages
10-megabit (Mb) Ethernet 8 Mbps 136 pages
DS3/T3 44.736 Mbps 760 pages
OC1 51.844 Mbps 880 pages
100-Mb Ethernet 80 Mbps 1,360 pages
OC3 155.532 Mbps 2,650 pages
OC12 622.128 Mbps 10,580 pages
1-gigabit per second (Gbps) Ethernet 800 Mbps 13,600 pages
Adding graphics to a page increases the page size and therefore reduces
the number of pages sent. For example, a graphic that is 2x2 inches in size adds
10 KB or more to the page size.
Note
[...]... following table lists different Web page elements and the hardware components that are affected by them: available network bandwidth and CPU, memory, and hard disk performance Web page element Affects Graphics Available network bandwidth Web applications CPU time Streaming multimedia Available network bandwidth Database lookups CPU time, memory, hard disk, available network bandwidth To maximize the... can ensure optimal bandwidth usage 26 Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server Monitoring and Analyzing Bandwidth Usage Topic Objective To describe performance counters for monitoring bandwidth usage Lead-in Monitor and analyze bandwidth usage to determine if your network bandwidth is sufficient to meet demand Bandwidth Usage Varies Depending on: Bandwidth Usage Varies Depending on: The transmission... Network Load Balancing is a part of the Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server clustering solution and enhances the availability and scalability of Web servers, FTP servers, streaming media servers, virtual private network (VPN) servers, and mission-critical programs Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server 11 Consider the following when determining whether to implement Network Load Balancing... paper, Web Server Capacity Planning, under Additional Reading on the Web page on the Student Materials compact disc Note For more information about optimizing a Web server, see the white paper, Web Server Capacity Planning, under Additional Reading on the Web page on the Student Materials compact disc 5 6 Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server Configuring Web Server Capacity Topic Objective To... techniques that you can use to increase the speed and efficiency of your Web applications Monitoring Web Applications Monitoring Web Applications Use counters in the Active Server Pages performance object to monitor ASP applications Use counters in the Web Service performance object to monitor CGI and ISAPI applications Optimizing Web Applications Optimizing Web Applications Convert CGI applications to ASP... performance, you can disable performance-related logging to increase performance on your server Note Under ordinary circumstances, disk activity other than logging activity indicates performance issues in other areas For example, if your server requires additional RAM, you will notice an increase in disk activity due to an increase in hard page faults Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server 19 Monitoring. .. Network Bandwidth Topic Objective To outline the topics for monitoring and optimizing the available network bandwidth Lead-in Monitoring and Analyzing Bandwidth Usage Enabling Bandwidth Throttling Monitor and optimize the available network bandwidth to ensure optimal bandwidth usage *****************************ILLEGAL FOR NON-TRAINER USE****************************** The primary function of a Web server. .. overhead than static HTML pages, their performance has a significant impact on Web server capacity By monitoring applications and estimating their overhead during periods of varying activity, you can ensure that your server is prepared for periods of increased workload Monitoring Web Applications You can use System Monitor to monitor the performance of Active Server Pages (ASP), Common Gateway Interface (CGI),.. .Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server Considerations for Web Server Capacity Several other factors impact the capacity of your Web server: the number of applications running on the server, the use of Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and various Web page elements You can limit the number of services and other applications running on the Web server to reduce their impact on central processing... Memory and Process performance objects contain the performance counters that you can use to monitor physical and paged memory To ensure that your Web server has enough physical memory to accommodate IIS 5.0, you must monitor: Available memory The available memory is the amount of physical memory available to processes that are running on the computer Compare the total physical memory that is available .
Materials compact disc.
Note
Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server 3
Planning Web Server Capacity
To Plan Web Server Capacity:
To Plan Web.
performance.
2 Module 6: Monitoring and Optimizing a Web Server
Optimizing a Web Server
Planning Web Server Capacity
Configuring Web Server Capacity
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