5. Man: Only by organized teamwork will we be able to finish this entire project on time. Woman: I’m game. Who do you want to help? Narrator: What does the man mean? 6. Woman: The counselor says we should have our student ID. I forgot mine at home. Man: Do you have any other identification? Will a driver’s license do? Woman: No. I guess I’ll have to run home and get it. Man: If you hurry, you should be back in time. Narrator: What will the woman probably do next? 7. Man: Excuse me, I hate to bother you, but I can’t concentrate when the two of you are talking. Woman: Oh, sorry. We didn’t realize we were bothering you. Man: Maybe you could just whisper. Woman: We’ll go out to the hallway. Sorry for the interruption. Narrator: What will the woman probably do? 8. Man: Susan is thinking of getting a job at a computer store. Woman: Can she handle that in addition to her other job and classes? Man: You know Susan — she wouldn’t consider it unless she was sure she could do it. Woman: It’ll probably enhance her knowledge of computers, too. Narrator: What does the man imply about Susan? 420 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 9. Woman: I thought you were going to order new slides for the lab class. Man: I was going to, but the department head didn’t approve the purchase. Woman: The ones we have are all cloudy and cracked. Man: Maybe he’ll listen to you. Narrator: What does the man mean? 10 . Man: Hey, that’s great news about your promotion. Woman: What? You must be thinking of someone else. I haven’t heard from them. Man: Well, I guess I spoke too soon; I’m sure you’re the one they have in mind. Woman: That would be great. I wish they would call. Narrator: What does the woman imply about her promotion? 11. Woman: Did you proofread the essay? Man: Yes, and I ran spell check, too. Woman: Good, you know Professor Roberts is a stickler for good spelling. Man: And impeccable grammar, too. Narrator: What do the speakers imply about Professor Roberts? 12 . Man: Professor Hall will put off the exam till next week, won’t he? Woman: I’m not so sure. He likes to stick to the schedule. Man: Well, I’d better start studying then. Woman: Me too. Narrator: What does the woman imply about Professor Hall? 421 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 13 . Woman: What’s that notice from the landlord? Man: The rent is being increased. Woman: What? I can’t believe it. They need to spend some money fixing this place up. Man: Even so, I’m not sure what we can do about this. Narrator: What does the woman mean? 14 . Man: Janet said she’s going to the doctor tomorrow. Woman: But she has to work tomorrow afternoon, doesn’t she? Man: She had to take the afternoon off for the appointment. Woman: I hope she’s okay. Narrator: What does the man imply about Janet? 15 . Woman: I heard that you and some friends were organizing a cruise to the Caribbean. Man: It never really got off the ground. Woman: That’s too bad; it sounded like fun. Man: Yeah, I’m still planning to go, alone if I have to. Narrator: What does the man plan to do? Part B CD B, Track 12 Narrator: Listen to the following conversation about estate planning. Woman: Okay, if you add up everything you own, what is the total? Man: About five hundred thousand, if you add the house, life insurance, and retirement account. About three fifty if you leave out the life insurance. 422 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Woman: Do the two of you own everything together now? That is, are all your accounts and your home jointly owned, and is your spouse the beneficiary on retirement funds, life insurance, and things like that? Man: Yes. Woman: How old are you? And do you have children to whom you want to give your assets when you pass away? Man: I’m 55 and she’s 52. Yes, we have three children, and they will be our bene- ficiaries. Woman: Fine. You have a couple of choices for your estate plan. You don’t need a tax-planning trust because your assets fall within the amount that passes free of estate tax. But you may decide to create a joint trust, which has certain advantages for you and your heirs. First, let’s talk about how your estate would be handled with a will. A will is inexpensive to create and simple to deal with while you’re alive. If one of you dies, the other will most likely not have to do anything with the will, not because you are married, but because of the way you own things. You own your assets in a way that allows them to pass to the survivor, so the fact that you make a will is irrelevant. It’s how you hold your assets that matters. But when the surviving spouse dies, probate honors the will. Man: What’s that? Woman: Probate is the court-monitored administration of your will. By itself, your will has no effect. After your death, it must go through probate to have valid- ity. Some people who try to sell trusts make probate sound like a bad word and make you think that you should avoid its effect at all costs. Yet, probate is a fine way to take care of many estates, and some people go to far too much trouble try- ing to avoid it, sometimes creating other problems. The major drawback of pro- bate in this state is the cost, which is actually a fee that the attorney and personal representative are permitted to charge. The probate process also takes more time than a trust administration, and it’s not as private. That is, if somebody wants de- tails of your estate, they can go to the probate court and see many of the docu- ments involved. Man: I’m confused. I thought you had a will made to avoid probate. Woman: That’s a common misconception. If you die with a will and your assets are in your name alone, the will is honored through probate. Now let’s talk about using a trust instead. The document alone isn’t what makes the difference. Think of a trust like a corporation. In a trust, you own your assets as trustee rather than owning them in your own name. When you die, the trust continues, just like a business continues. So the critical part of creating a trust is following through with changing all your bank accounts and everything you own so that the trust owns it. You must own some assets individually, like retirement accounts. We change them by changing beneficiaries or, more likely, contingent beneficiaries. 423 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org So when the second spouse dies, the successor trustee who you name in the trust simply steps in and takes over, handling assets and distributing them to the people and on the conditions you state in the trust, without court involvement. There is no delay, my work is minimized, and the document is totally private. Man: Well then, why in the world wouldn’t I want a trust? Woman: There are three basic drawbacks to the trust: It costs more to create, you must make an extra effort by transferring assets into the trust to make it work, and you must continue to hold everything that way in the future. If you die with any asset not in the trust, we’ll have to probate that asset. Of course, if that happens, the probate expense would still be much less than now, because it would be based only on the one or two assets that aren’t in your trust, instead of all your assets. Man: Do you suggest a trust for us? Woman: The decision is yours. Your assets are within the range where a trust makes financial sense, and your ages are also within that range. If you were still in your 30s or 40s, it would make less sense. Since the heirs are your children, you probably want to pass as much to them as possible without diluting it with expenses. This chart shows the cost of the two routes now versus after you die. If you choose to do the trust, you’re paying this much more now, for this much benefit later. Man: I think it makes sense to do the trust. We’ll talk about it and decide soon. Thank you. 16 . Narrator: What does the man say about his family status? 17. Narrator: What does the man say about his assets? 18 . Narrator: How would you describe the woman’s manner of presentation? 19 . Narrator: What kind of estate planning document does the woman say that the man needs? 20. Narrator: Which of the following is not a correct description of the difference between a will and a trust? 21. Narrator: Why does the woman say that the couple won’t have to go through probate now if only one of them dies? 22. Narrator: How does the woman define probate? 23. Narrator: According to the woman, what is the major drawback of probate? 24. Narrator: Does the woman imply that she would suggest the same type of estate planning if the couple were younger? 424 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org CD B, Track 13 Narrator: Listen to the following speech about alcoholism. Woman: It has long been recognized that those people with a family history of al- coholism are at much higher risk of becoming alcoholics themselves. And it’s also known that this isn’t just sociological, because it happens even when the children don’t grow up in the same home with the alcoholic. Researchers in the United States have located a specific hormone in the brain that can indicate a predisposi- tion for the disease. Beta-endorphin is a hormone that produces euphoria and acts like morphine. The body produces this hormone to help control pain during childbirth and other phys- ical trauma. The hormone also contributes to the feeling of well being that accom- panies intoxication. It’s now known that in people with a family history of alcoholism, the response to the beta-endorphin is greater and more prolonged than in those people who aren’t apt to abuse alcohol. This hormone reaction is what causes a potential alcoholic to crave alcohol. Researchers also learned that the manner in which the person responds to the hormone can be inherited. Of course, not everybody in the family of an alcoholic will abuse alcohol. This is because the reaction to the hormone does not affect everybody who is genetically related to the alcoholic. It’s believed that with the new knowledge, doctors will soon be able to test a family and determine who is likely to abuse alcohol and who is not. However, researchers are quick to point out that people who are prone to alco- holism many times do not succumb to the disease simply because they choose not to drink and never get to the point that the inherited trait affects them. 25. Narrator: What fact does the speaker state as common knowledge? 26. Narrator: What example does the woman give to indicate that alcoholism is not just sociological? 27. Narrator: What is beta-endorphin, according to the speaker? 28. Narrator: Which of the following does the speaker not imply would be a true statement about beta-endorphins? 29. Narrator: What does the speaker indicate is the difference between a person with alcoholic tendencies and a person without them? 30. Narrator: What does the speaker say about family members inheriting the alcoholic trait? 31. Narrator: Does the speaker indicate that everybody with the reaction to beta-endorphin will become alcoholic? 425 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org CD B, Track 14 Narrator: Listen to the following conversation about a law class. Woman: Did you go to class today? What happened? Man: We began talking about torts. Woman: About what? I’ve never heard that word in my life. Man: A tort is a civil wrong. You know, like not a criminal matter. Something somebody does negligently that harms somebody else. Woman: A tort? T-O-R-T? Man: Yep, that’s it. We’re going to talk about torts for the next couple of weeks, so you’d better get used to it. Woman: Okay, tell me what was discussed about these torts. Man: A guy is driving down the street and strikes a kid on his bicycle, and the kid is injured or dies. The driver may have committed a tort — negligence — or worse. What if the kid just ran out in front of him, and he had no way to avoid it? If he wasn’t drunk or anything, he wouldn’t be charged with a crime, and he wouldn’t have committed a tort. But let’s say that the driver hit the kid on the sidewalk or in a protected crosswalk or something. The driver could be guilty of a crime if what he did was outrageous, or if he was drunk or something. But if he wasn’t — if it was just a bad accident, but the driver was at fault — that would be a tort. Even though it’s not a crime, the kid’s family could sue the driver for negli- gence, wrongful death, and stuff like that. They could collect money damages. That’s what a tort is — civil law as opposed to criminal law. Woman: I’m still not sure I get it. Let’s look at a legal dictionary. Okay, here — from the Latin “torquere,” meaning “to twist or twisted.” What? That’s really weird. “A private or civil wrong or injury for which a court will grant a remedy in the form of money or other damages.” I guess that’s just what you said, isn’t it? Man: Yes. Continue. Woman: “A violation of a duty imposed by law upon all persons occupying the relation to each other that is involved in a given matter. Three elements of every tort action are: existence of legal duty from defendant to plaintiff, breach of the duty, and damage as proximate result.” Man: So apply that definition to the car accident. Woman: First, it must be found that the driver had a duty to drive carefully, a duty not to hit the boy. It must then be shown that he breached the duty. If he had 426 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org a duty to drive carefully, and he didn’t, he breached the duty. And, if the child was injured or died, there was damage. I don’t know what a “proximate result” is. Man: It’s kind of like a direct consequence. There were some cases we studied where all kinds of things happened as the result of one little accident, and basi- cally you couldn’t get damages against the guy for all of them because they weren’t foreseeable. For example, the kid’s father sees the accident and has a heart attack. The man can’t be responsible for that too, because how could he know that would happen just because he drove carelessly? Woman: I guess I’d better read some of this stuff. It’s pretty complicated. But I appreciate what you’ve told me. I guess I understand some of it. 32. Narrator: Why is the woman asking the man for help? 33. Narrator: What do the speakers say is the difference between a tort and a crime? 34. Narrator: According to the man, how long will the class be studying torts? 35. Narrator: What does the man imply would happen if the driver drove carefully and the child darted out in front of him? 36. Narrator: According to the man, is it possible to commit both a crime and a tort? 37. Narrator: According to the definition read by the woman, which of the following could be a tort? 38. Narrator: What is the woman probably going to do? 427 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org CliffsNotes LITERATURE NOTES Absalom, Absalom! The Aeneid Agamemnon Alice in Wonderland All the King’s Men All the Pretty Horses All Quiet on Western Front All’s Well & Merry Wives American Poets of the 20th Century American Tragedy Animal Farm Anna Karenina Anthem Antony and Cleopatra Aristotle’s Ethics As I Lay Dying The Assistant As You Like It Atlas Shrugged Autobiography of Ben Franklin Autobiography of Malcolm X The Awakening Babbit Bartleby & Benito Cereno The Bean Trees The Bear The Bell Jar Beloved Beowulf The Bible Billy Budd & Typee Black Boy Black Like Me Bleak House Bless Me, Ultima The Bluest Eye & Sula Brave New World Brothers Karamazov Call of Wild & White Fang Candide The Canterbury Tales Catch-22 Catcher in the Rye The Chosen The Color Purple Comedy of Errors… Connecticut Yankee The Contender The Count of Monte Cristo Crime and Punishment The Crucible Cry, the Beloved Country Cyrano de Bergerac Daisy Miller & Turn…Screw David Copperfield Death of a Salesman The Deerslayer Diary of Anne Frank Divine Comedy-I. Inferno Divine Comedy-II. Purgatorio Divine Comedy-III. Paradiso Doctor Faustus Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Don Juan Don Quixote Dracula Electra & Medea Emerson’s Essays Emily Dickinson Poems Emma Ethan Frome The Faerie Queene Fahrenheit 451 Far from Madding Crowd A Farewell to Arms Farewell to Manzanar Fathers and Sons Faulkner’s Short Stories Faust Pt. I & Pt. II The Federalist Flowers for Algernon For Whom the Bell Tolls The Fountainhead Frankenstein The French Lieutenant’s Woman The Giver Glass Menagerie & Streetcar Go Down, Moses The Good Earth Grapes of Wrath Great Expectations The Great Gatsby Greek Classics Gulliver’s Travels Hamlet The Handmaid’s Tale Hard Times Heart of Darkness & Secret Sharer Hemingway’s Short Stories Henry IV Part 1 Henry IV Part 2 Henry V House Made of Dawn The House of the Seven Gables Huckleberry Finn I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Ibsen’s Plays I Ibsen’s Plays II The Idiot Idylls of the King The Iliad Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Inherit the Wind Invisible Man Ivanhoe Jane Eyre Joseph Andrews The Joy Luck Club Jude the Obscure Julius Caesar The Jungle Kafka’s Short Stories Keats & Shelley The Killer Angels King Lear The Kitchen God’s Wife The Last of the Mohicans Le Morte Darthur Leaves of Grass Les Miserables A Lesson Before Dying Light in August The Light in the Forest Lord Jim Lord of the Flies Lord of the Rings Lost Horizon Lysistrata & Other Comedies Macbeth Madame Bovary Main Street The Mayor of Casterbridge Measure for Measure The Merchant of Venice Middlemarch A Midsummer-Night’s Dream The Mill on the Floss Moby-Dick Moll Flanders Mrs. Dalloway Much Ado About Nothing My Ántonia Mythology Narr. …Frederick Douglass Native Son New Testament Night 1984 Notes from Underground The Odyssey Oedipus Trilogy Of Human Bondage Of Mice and Men The Old Man and the Sea Old Testament Oliver Twist The Once and Future King One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich One Flew Over Cuckoo’s Nest 100 Years of Solitude O’Neill’s Plays Othello Our Town The Outsiders The Ox-Bow Incident Paradise Lost A Passage to India The Pearl The Pickwick Papers The Picture of Dorian Gray Pilgrim’s Progress The Plague Plato’s Euthyphro… Plato’s The Republic Poe’s Short Stories A Portrait of Artist… The Portrait of a Lady The Power and the Glory Pride and Prejudice The Prince The Prince and the Pauper A Raisin in the Sun The Red Badge of Courage The Red Pony The Return of the Native Richard II Richard III The Rise of Silas Lapham Robinson Crusoe Roman Classics Romeo and Juliet The Scarlet Letter A Separate Peace Shakespeare’s Comedies Shakespeare’s Histories Shakespeare’s Minor Plays Shakespeare’s Sonnets Shakespeare’s Tragedies Shaw’s Pygmalion & Arms… Silas Marner Sir Gawain…Green Knight Sister Carrie Slaughterhouse-Five Snow Falling on Cedars Song of Solomon Sons and Lovers The Sound and the Fury Steppenwolf & Siddhartha The Stranger The Sun Also Rises T.S. Eliot’s Poems & Plays A Tale of Two Cities The Taming of the Shrew Tartuffe, Misanthrope… The Tempest Tender Is the Night Tess of the D’Urbervilles Their Eyes Were Watching God Things Fall Apart The Three Musketeers To Kill a Mockingbird Tom Jones Tom Sawyer Treasure Island & Kidnapped The Trial Tristram Shandy Troilus and Cressida Twelfth Night Ulysses Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Unvanquished Utopia Vanity Fair Vonnegut’s Works Waiting for Godot Walden Walden Two War and Peace Who’s Afraid of Virginia… Winesburg, Ohio The Winter’s Tale The Woman Warrior Worldly Philosophers Wuthering Heights A Yellow Raft in Blue Water For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org . computers, too. Narrator: What does the man imply about Susan? 420 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 9 About three fifty if you leave out the life insurance. 422 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Woman: