Thông tin tài liệu
Cisco Press
201 W 103rd Street
Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA
CCNP Support Exam Certification
Guide
Amir S. Ranjbar, MSc.
ii
CCNP Support Exam Certification Guide
Amir S. Ranjbar, MSc.
Copyright© 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc.
Published by:
Cisco Press
201 West 103rd Street
Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without
written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
First printing October 2000
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number: 00-105174
ISBN: 0-7357-0995-5
Warning and Disclaimer
This book is designed to provide information about building scalable Cisco networks. Every effort has been made to
make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied.
The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc., shall have neither
liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information
contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it.
The opinions expressed in this book belong to the authors and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.
Trademark Acknowledgments
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately
capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this
book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
Feedback Information
At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is crafted
with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the
professional technical community.
Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how we could
improve the quality of this book or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through e-mail at
ciscopress@mcp.com. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message.
We greatly appreciate your assistance.
iii
Publisher John Wait
Editor-in-Chief John Kane
Executive Editor Brett Bartow
Cisco Systems Program Manager Bob Anstey
Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse
Development Editors Andrew Cupp
Howard Jones
Technical Editors Elan Beer
Steve Kalman
Book Designer Gina Rexrode
Cover Designer Louisa Klucznik
Editorial and Production Team Argosy
Indexer Tim Wright
Copyright © 1999 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Access Registrar, AccessPath, Any to Any, AtmDirector, CCDA, CCDE, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA,
CCNP, CCSI, CD-PAC, the Cisco logo, Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo,
CiscoLink
, the Cisco Management Connection logo, the Cisco Net
Works
logo, the Cisco
Powered Network logo, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems Capital logo, Cisco Systems Networking Academy, the Cisco Systems Networking Academy logo, the
Cisco Technologies logo, ConnectWay, ControlStream, Fast Step, FireRunner, GigaStack, IGX, Internet Quotient, Kernel Proxy, MGX, Natural Network Viewer, NetSonar,
Network Registrar,
Packet
, PIX, Point and Click Internetworking, Policy Builder, Precept, RouteStream, Secure Script, ServiceWay, SlideCast, SMARTnet, StreamView,
The
Cell
, TrafficDirector, TransPath, ViewRunner, VirtualStream, VisionWay, VlanDirector, Workgroup Director, and Workgroup Stack are trademarks; Changing the Way We
Work, Live, Play, and Learn, Empowering the Internet Generation, The Internet Economy, and The New Internet Economy are service marks; and ASIST, BPX, Catalyst,
Cisco, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Systems, the Cisco Systems logo, the Cisco Systems Cisco Press logo, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, FastHub,
FastLink, FastPAD, FastSwitch, GeoTel, IOS, IP/TV, IPX, LightStream, LightSwitch, MICA, NetRanger, Registrar, StrataView Plus, Stratm, TeleRouter, and VCO are
registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of
their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any of its resellers. (9908R)
Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on
the Cisco Connection Online Web site at http://www.cisco.com/offices.
Argentina • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Canada • Chile • China • Colombia • Costa Rica • Croatia • Czech Republic
• Denmark • Dubai, UAE Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hong Kong • Hungary • India • Indonesia • Ireland • Israel
• Italy • Japan • Korea • Luxembourg • Malaysia • Mexico • The Netherlands • New Zealand • Norway • Peru • Philippines •
Poland • Portugal • Puerto Rico • Romania • Russia • Saudi Arabia • Singapore • Slovakia • Slovenia • South Africa • Spain •
Sweden • Switzerland • Taiwan • Thailand • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Venezuela
Corporate Headquarters
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
USA
http://www.cisco.com
Tel: 408 526-4000
800 553-NETS (6387)
Fax: 408 526-4100
European Headquarters
Cisco Systems Europe s.a.r.l.
Parc Evolic, Batiment L1/L2
16 Avenue du Quebec
Villebon, BP 706
91961 Courtaboeuf Cedex
France
http://www-europe.cisco.com
Tel: 33 1 69 18 61 00
Fax: 33 1 69 28 83 26
American
Headquarters
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
USA
http://www.cisco.com
Tel: 408 526-7660
Fax: 408 527-0883
Asia Headquarters
Nihon Cisco Systems K.K.
Fuji Building, 9th Floor
3-2-3 Marunouchi
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100
Japan
http://www.cisco.com
Tel: 81 3 5219 6250
Fax: 81 3 5219 6001
iv
About the Author
Amir S. Ranjbar
(CCNP) is an instructor and senior network architect for Global
Knowledge, Cisco’s largest training partner. He is a Certified Cisco Systems Instructor
(CCSI) who teaches the Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting course on a regular basis.
Born in Tehran, Iran, Amir moved to Canada in 1983 and obtained his Bachelors degree in
Computing and Information Science (1988) and Master of Science degree in Knowledge
Based Systems (1991) from the University of Guelph (Guelph, Ontario). After graduation,
Amir developed software applications in the areas of statistical analysis and systems
simulation for a number of institutes such as Statistics Canada, University of Waterloo, and
University of Ottawa. Amir started his training career by joining Digital Equipment
Corporation’s Learning Services in 1995, and after a few years of working exclusively as a
Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCSE, MCT), he decided to shift his focus to Cisco Systems’
internetworking products. In 1998, Amir joined Geotrain Corporation, which was acquired
by Global Knowledge in 1999. Currently, Amir, already a CCNP, is preparing for the CCIE
examinations and is a full-time instructor for Global Knowledge. Among the courses Amir
teaches are Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices (ICND), Building Scalable Cisco
Networks (BSCN), Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN), Cisco
Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT), OSPF, and BGP. You can contact Amir by email at
amir.ranjbar@globalknowledge.com.
About the Technical Reviewers
Elan Beer
, CCIE #1837, is president and founder of Synaptic Solutions, Inc. For the past
14 years, Elan has held several key positions within the telecommunications industry,
including Senior Telecommunication Consultant, Project Manager, and
Telecommunications Instructor, as well as Canadian Training Manager with GeoTrain
Corporation, a multinational training and consulting organization. Through his global
consulting and training engagements, Elan is recognized internationally as a
telecommunications industry expert. Elan’s strong technical skills have enabled him to
attain several top-level industry certifications, including Cisco System’s top-level
certification, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). As one of the first product-
based public Certified Cisco Instructors in the world, Elan has utilized his expertise in
multiprotocol internetworking, LAN, WAN, and MAN technology, network management,
and software engineering to provide training and consulting services to many of Canada’s
top companies. As a senior trainer and course developer, Elan has designed and presented
intensive public and implementation-specific technical courses for clients in North
America, Europe, Australia, Africa, Asia, and Scandinavia.
Steve Kalman
is a data communications trainer. He is the author or technical editor of 12
CBT titles and has been the author, technical editor, or trainer for eight instructor-led
courses. Steve is also beginning a new distance-learning project as both author and
presenter. In addition to those responsibilities, he runs a consulting company, Esquire
Micro Consultants, that specializes in data network design.
v
Dedication
I would like to dedicate my first book to all those who strive freedom of thought, applaud
creative thinking, and respect others’ opinions. Among those are my parents, my wife Elke,
and other good family members and friends of mine, who are my treasures. I wish that my
children, Thalia, Ariana, and Armando, grow up to be independent, creative, and respectful
individuals, and hence, become treasures of tomorrow.
vi
Acknowledgments
I did not have the pleasure of getting to know or communicating with all of the individuals
that have put their valuable time and effort into this book, but I would like to use this
opportunity to sincerely thank each and every one of them.
Among those who I did directly work with was Brett Bartow, whose patience,
professionalism, and understanding I will never forget. Brett played a key role in the
development of this book from the very beginning. Thanks to Andrew Cupp for his sharp
eyes and valuable corrections and suggestions. Also, thanks to Howard Jones and Patrick
Kanouse. I feel very lucky that Elan Beer and Steve Kalman joined this team as the
technical reviewers.
vii
Contents at a Glance
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1
Support Resources for Troubleshooting 3
Chapter 2
Understanding Troubleshooting Methods 33
Chapter 3
Identifying Troubleshooting Targets 49
Chapter 4
Applying Cisco Troubleshooting Tools 101
Chapter 5
Diagnosing and Correcting Campus TCP/IP Problems 159
Chapter 6
Diagnosing and Correcting Novell Networking Problems 189
Chapter 7
Diagnosing and Correcting AppleTalk Problems 215
Chapter 8
Diagnosing and Correcting Catalyst Problems 241
Chapter 9
Troubleshooting VLANS on Routers and Switches 285
Chapter 10
Diagnosing and Correcting Frame Relay Problems 307
Chapter 11
Diagnosing and Correcting ISDN BRI Problems 345
Appendix A
Answers to Quiz Questions 389
Index
460
viii
Table of Contents
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1
Support Resources for Troubleshooting 3
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 3
Foundation Topics 6
Network Media Test Equipment 6
Network Monitors 7
Protocol Analyzers 8
Network Management Systems 10
CiscoWorks 11
CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks Software 12
TrafficDirector Remote Monitoring Software 12
Simulation and Modeling Tools 13
Cisco Connection Online (CCO) 13
Using CCO to Prevent Problems 15
Cisco Documentation CD-ROM 15
Cisco MarketPlace 16
CCO Software Library 17
Using CCO to Correct Problems 18
CCO Bug Toolkit 18
CCO Troubleshooting Engine 20
CCO Stack Decoder 20
CCO Open Forum 20
Escalation to Cisco Service and Support 22
CCO Case Management Toolkit 23
Foundation Summary 24
Q&A 26
Chapter 2
Understanding Troubleshooting Methods 33
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 33
Foundation Topics 36
The Importance of Using a Systematic Troubleshooting Method 36
ix
A Problem-Solving Model 36
Define the Problem 37
Gather the Facts 38
Consider the Possibilities 39
Create an Action Plan 39
Implement Your Action Plan 39
Observe the Results 40
Iterate the Process 40
Resolution 41
A Baseline Model of the Network 41
Foundation Summary 42
Q&A 45
Chapter 3
Identifying Troubleshooting Targets 49
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 49
Foundation Topics 52
Understanding Data Link Troubleshooting Targets 52
Troubleshooting Physical and Data Link Protocol Characteristics 52
Clearing Interface Counters 53
The show interfaces Command 54
The show interfaces ethernet
n
Command 55
The show interfaces tokenring
n
Command 62
The show controllers Command 64
The show controller token Command Section 1 65
The show controller token Command Section 2 66
The show controller token Command Section 3 66
Token Ring Soft Errors 67
The show interfaces fddi Command 68
The show interfaces atm Command 73
Cisco Discovery Protocol 75
Common Protocol Characteristics 76
Understanding Protocol Connection Troubleshooting Targets 78
TCP Connection Sequence 78
x
The show ip arp Command 79
Novell Connection Sequence 80
The show novell traffic Command 81
AppleTalk Connection Sequence 82
The show appletalk traffic Command 82
Foundation Summary 84
Q&A 90
Chapter 4
Applying Cisco Troubleshooting Tools 101
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 101
Foundation Topics 105
System Impact of Cisco Troubleshooting Tools 105
Cisco Routers’ Routing Processes and Switching Processes 105
Switching in 7000, 7500, 4000, 3000, and 2500 Series Routers 107
Switching in 7000 Series Routers 108
Switching in 7500 Series Routers 110
Netflow Switching 112
Switching in 4000, 3000, and 2500 Series Routers 112
Process-Switched Packets 114
Handling the Cisco IOS Debug Troubleshooting Tool 115
Using an Access List with Debug 116
Error Message Logging and Limiting the Display of Error Messages 117
show logging Command 121
Reachability and Step-by-Step Path Tests 121
ping Command (IP) (User and Privileged) 121
ping Command (IPX and AppleTalk) 124
traceroute Command (IP) (User and Privileged) 125
Information Needed by Technical Support 126
show version Command 127
Buffers and Queues 129
Buffers and Queues (Cisco 7000/7010) 130
Buffers and Queues (Cisco 4000/3000/2500) 132
show buffers Command 132
[...]... becoming CCNP certified Cisco strongly recommends that you attend its CCNP training courses before taking the CCNP exams Table I-1 shows these courses and how they roughly map to the various exams Cisco Press publishes coursebooks and Exam Certification Guides like this one to support your preparation for these exams Table I-1 Cisco Courses and Exams for CCNP Routing and Switching Certification Course Exam. .. Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) certification in the Routing and Switching career track The other three exams are the Routing (640-503), Switching (640-504), and Remote Access (640-505) exams Optionally, you can take one exam that combines these three exams, Foundation 2.0 (640-509), but you will still need to pass the Support exam separately to attain CCNP status Also note that Cisco Certified... objectives of each of those exams My students often ask me how I think the Support exam is different from the old CIT 4.0 exam My answer is that I did not notice much change; therefore, any training material that can enhance your knowledge of the subjects covered in Cisco’s instructor-based CIT course is still very much valid and useful The Support (640-506) exam is one of the four exams you will need to... prepare yourself for the Cisco Certification examinations This book’s specific target is the Support exam (formerly the Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting [CIT] Exam) I am a Certified Cisco Systems Instructor, and CIT is one of the courses that I teach I started teaching this course in the first quarter of 1999 I have passed both the old CIT 4.0 and the new Support exams, and I am fully familiar with the structure,... want a condensed, exam- oriented book to prepare them for the CCNP Support exam On the other hand, very often a great portion of my students who have thoroughly enjoyed the CIT course they have taken express their desire to have my discussions and presentation in a written and organized format This book provides that, too Indeed, the material adds explanations, output, configuration examples, and exercises... prepare myself for the exams that I attempt However, we are not all the same, and we do not all have the same budget, time, or learning behaviors What I can tell you with all honesty is that the material presented in this book more than prepares you for the Support exam I can’t and won’t, in good conscience, tell you that this book is all you need to have in order to pass the Support exam, even though it... its CD is a concentrated effort to present the materials specifically in exam- preparation format— review summaries, examples, quiz questions, and so on I have packed this book with questions and answers, quizzes, examples, and tables to make sure that you not only understand the material but also get fully prepared for the Support examination After this brief introductory material, there are 11 chapters... extra attention as they are given a special weight in the Support exam Chapter 11 Troubleshooting ISDN BRI is the topic of this final chapter The Support exam has developed a reputation for being quite heavy on the ISDN topic For that reason, in this chapter I gave my utmost effort to both teach the topics and prepare the audience for a successful exam result Introduction xxi Appendix A This appendix... installation guides Cisco Management Information Base (MIB) User Quick Reference and Access Services Quick Configuration Guide Router and hub installation and configuration guides Switch installation and configuration guides, switch command reference guides, and switch MIB reference guides Configuration notes for memory upgrades, network interface cards, rack-mount kits, and other field upgrade products... better level of understanding of these technologies From there, I will show you the methodology of support, what tools you have available, and how to apply them to specific networks Throughout the book, I present what I think is absolutely essential for you to know before you attempt the CCNP Support exam This book makes a strong companion to the CIT course and the Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting . Street
Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA
CCNP Support Exam Certification
Guide
Amir S. Ranjbar, MSc.
ii
CCNP Support Exam Certification Guide
Amir S. Ranjbar,. to the various
exams. Cisco Press publishes coursebooks and Exam Certification Guides like this one to
support your preparation for these exams.
Table
Ngày đăng: 17/01/2014, 09:20
Xem thêm: Tài liệu CCNP Support Exam Certification Guide ppt, Tài liệu CCNP Support Exam Certification Guide ppt