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+ to + Vinf - Verb in clause is in past simple tense or present perfect tense... Eg 1: People say that he is a good doctor.[r]
(1)PASSIVE VOICE (2) Passive forms in different tenses Tense Active Passive Simple Present S+V+O S + be + PP.2 + by + O Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + PP.2 + by + O Present Perfect S + has/have + PP.2 + O S + has/have + been + PP.2 + by + O Simple Past S + was/were + PP.2 + by + O S + V-ed + O Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + PP.2 + by + O Past Perfect S + had + PP.2 + O S + had + been + PP.2 + by + O Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + PP.2 + by + O Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + PP.2 + O S + will + have + been + PP.2 + by + O Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + V + OS + am/is/are + going to + be + PP.2 + by + O Model Verbs S + model verb + V + O S + modal Verb + have +P2 S + model verb + be + PP.2 + by + O S + modal Verb + have been +P2 (3) to-V Active: S + V + Sb + to-V + O Passive: • A: S + V + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb) • B: S + V + O + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb) • C: Sb + be + PP.2 + to-V + O (4) Reporting Verbs = V1 think suppose consider suspect know rumor believe declare • S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + … say report (5) a Main verb in present tense • Active: People/they + think/say/suppose…+ that + clause Passive: W1: It's + thought/said/ supposed/….+ that + clause ( Clause= S + V + O) W2: - Verb in clause is in present simple tense or future simple tense S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed + to + Vinf - Verb in clause is in past simple tense or present perfect tense - S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2 (6) Eg 1: People say that he is a good doctor >> It's said that he is a good doctor He is said to be a good doctor Eg 2: People think he stole my car >> It's thought he stole my car He is thought to have stolen my car (7) b Main verb in past tense Active: People/they + thought/said/supposed + that + clause Passive: W1: It was + thought/ said/ supposed + that + clause W2: - Verb in clause is in past simple tense S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + Vinf - Verb in clause is in past perfect tense S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2 (8) • Eg 1: • They thought he was one of famous singers >> It was thought he was one of famous singers He was thought to be one of famous singers • Eg 2: • They thought he had stolen that car >> It was thought he had stolen that car He was thought to have stolen that car (9) Passive voice of special verbs • suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend Active: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require + that + clause ( clause = S + V + O) Passive: It + was/ will be/ has been/ is + P2( of verb) + that + st + be + P2 ( “ be” in base form in clause) Eg: He suggested that she buy a new car >> It was suggested that a new car be bought (10) Passive voice with objects • Oi = Indirect Object Od = Direct Object Active: S + V + Oi + Od Passive: 1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od 2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi Eg: My friend gave me a present on my birthday >> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday I was given a present on my birthday by my friend Note: we use the preposition “ for” for verb “ buy” (11) Passive voice with subject “ it” • Active: It + be + adj + for sb + to st Passive : It + be + adj + for st + to be done Eg: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour >> It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour (12) It + be + my/your/her/his/our/their… + duty + to-V + (O) Passive: I/You/She/He/We/They + be + supposed + to-V + (O) • Ex: It’s their duty to this job • –> They are supposed to this job (13) It's impossible to+Vinf • >Passive: S + can't + be + P2 Eg: It's impossible to solve this problem >> This problem can't be solve (14) It's necessary to + Vinf • Passive S + should/ must + be +P2 Eg: It's necessary for you to type this letter • >> This letter should/ must be typed by you (15) MAKE/ LET Active : S + make/ let + sb+ Vinf Passive: S +be+ made + to + Vinf let + to + Vinf Eg: My parent never let me anything by myself >> I'm never let to anything by myself ( by my parent) (16) 10 Have/ get Active: S + have(get) + sb + (to)Vinf Passive: S + have + st + Vpp get + st + to be+ Vpp Eg: I have my father repair my bike >> I have my bike repaired by my father We get him to look after our house when we are on business • –> We get our house to be looked after (by him) when we are on business (17)