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Chuyên đề ôn thi tiếng anh
Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 CHUYÊN LUYN THI TT NGHIP THPT VÀ LUYN THI I HC, CAO NG 2009 Môn: TING ANH Chuyên đ: CÂU O NG I. MC ÍCH CHUYÊN - o ng là mt ch đ khó và rt d quên. o ng đ cp ti hin tng đng t không theo qui tc trong câu. Trong trng hp này, dng thc nghi vn (có cu trúc: tr đng t + ch ng + đng t chính) nm ngay trong cu trúc câu khng đnh. Chuyên đ này s gii thiu vi các em các dng đo ng chính. II. KIN THC C BN 1. nh ngha – Trong mt s trng hp các phó t không đng v trí bình thng ca nó mà đo lên đng đu câu nhm nhn mnh vào hành đng ca ch ng. Ngi ta gi đó là câu đo ng. Trong trng hp đó ng pháp s thay đi, đng sau phó t đng đu câu là tr đng t ri mi đn ch ng và đng t chính. Ví d: Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar. At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework. 2. Câu đo ng có cha trng t ph đnh 2.1. Nhóm t “rarely, seldom, never” Câu đo ng cha nhng trng t này thng đc dùng vi đng t dng hoàn thành hay đng t khuyt thiu và có th cha so sánh hn. Ví d: Never have I been more insulted! (Cha bao gi tôi b lng m hn th). Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion. Seldom has he seen anything stranger. (Him khi anh y nhìn thy mt cái gì kì l hn th). Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable. 2.2. Nhóm t “hardly, scarcely, no sooner, barely” Câu đo ng cha trng ng này thng đc dùng đ din đt mt chui các s kin xy ra trong quá kh. Ví d: Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. (Him khi chuông ca reo mà tôi thc dy). Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trng chung ca hc trò Vit Trang 1 Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door. (Khi anh y va mi n ti xong thì ch ta bc vào ca). 3. Nhóm t kt hp sau “only” nh: only after, only then, only when… Only after/only when/only then/only if + tr đng t + S + V…: ch sau khi…. Only by + noun/V-ing + tr đng t/ đng t khuyt thiu + S + V….: ch bng cách làm gì Only then did I understand the problem. (Ch sau lúc đó tôi mi hiu ra đc vn đ). Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task. Only by studying hard can you pass this exam. Chú ý: nu trong câu có hai mnh đ, chúng ta dùng đo ng mnh đ th hai: Only when you grow up, can you understand it. Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you. Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before. 4. Nhóm t “so, such” Ü Câu đo ng có cha “So” mang cu trúc nh sau: So + tính t + to be + Danh t … Ví d: So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. (Tình hung này kì l khin tôi không th ng đc). So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. (Bài kim tra khó ti mc mà các sinh viên cn 3 tháng chun b). Ü Câu đo ng có cha “Such” mang cu trúc nh sau: Such + to be + Danh t +… Ví d: Such is the moment that all greats traverse. (Tht là thi khc tr ngi ln lao). Such is the stuff of dreams. (Tht là mt gic m vô ngha). 5. Cu trúc câu “not only…but also….” Not only + tr đng t + S +V + but also + S + V… Ví d: Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. 6. Mt s cu trúc khác Ü In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bt c hoàn cnh nào cng không Under no circumstances should you lend him the money. Ü On no account: Dù bt c lý do gì cng không On no accout must this switch be touched. Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trng chung ca hc trò Vit Trang 2 Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 Ü Only in this way: Ch bng cách này Only in this way could the problem be solved Ü In no way: Không sao có th In no way could I agree with you. Ü By no means: Hoàn toàn không By no means does he intend to criticize your idea. Ü Negative ., nor + auxiliary + S + V He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow. Ü Khi mt mnh đ m đu bng các thành ng ch ni chn hoc trt t thì đng t chính có th đo lên ch ng nhng tuyt đi không đc s dng tr đng t trong trng hp này. Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) In front of the museum is a statue. First came the ambulance, then came the police. (Thot đu là xe cu thng chy đn, tip sau là cnh sát.) Ü Khi mt ng gii t làm phó t ch đa đim hoc phng hng đng đu câu, các ni đng t đt lên trc ch ng nhng tuyt đi không đc s dng tr đng t trong loi câu này. Nó rt ph bin trong vn mô t khi mun din đt mt ch ng không xác đnh: Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen. Directly in front of them stood a great castle. On the grass sat an enormous frog. Along the road came a strange procession. Ü Tân ng mang tính nhn mnh cng có th đo lên đu câu: Not a single word did he say. Ü Các phó t away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up . có th theo sau là mt đng t chuyn đng và sau đó là mt danh t làm ch ng: – Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up .+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject. Away went the runners. Down fell a dozen of apples . – Nhng nu mt đi t nhân xng làm ch ng thì đng t phi đ sau ch ng: Away they went. Round and round it flew. – Trong ting Anh vit (written English) các ng gii t m đu bng các gii t down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up . có th đc theo sau ngay bi đng t ch v trí (crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand .) hoc các dng đng t ch chuyn đng, các đng t nh be born/ die/ live và mt s dng đng t khác. Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trng chung ca hc trò Vit Trang 3 Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 From the rafters hung strings of onions. In the doorway stood a man with a gun. On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot. Over the wall came a shower of stones. Ü Chú ý: các ví d trên có th din đt bng mt V-ing m đu cho câu và đng t “to be” đo lên trên ch ng: Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion. Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun. Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot. III. CNG C KIN THC Bài tp 1: Vit li câu vi hình thc đo ng 1. She had never been so happy before. 2. I have never heard such nonsense! 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed. 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face. 12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. 13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice. Bài tp 2: Vit li câu sao cho ngha không thay đi. 1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted. –> So…………………………………………. 2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk. –> No sooner…………………………………………………… 3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her. –> Hardly…………………………………………………………… 4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later. –> Only when…………………………………………………… 5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John. –> Nowhere………………………………………… 6.–> The outcome of the election was never in doubt. –> At no time……………………………………. 7. He forgot about the gun until he got home. Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trng chung ca hc trò Vit Trang 4 Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 –> Not until……………………………… 8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday. –> Only by………………………………………………………… áp án: Bài 1: 1. She had never been so happy before. --> Never had she been so happy before. 2. I have never heard such nonsense! --> Never have I heard such nonsense! 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. --> Never have I seen such a mess in my life. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. --> Seldom has public borrowing been so high. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. --> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. --> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. --> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed. --> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed. 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property. --> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. --> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face. --> Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment. 12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. --> Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals. 13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice. --> Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice. Bài 2: 1. So great was her grief that she almost fainted. 2. No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter. 3. Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her. 4. Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed. 5. Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John. Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trng chung ca hc trò Vit Trang 5 Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 6. At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt. 7. Not until he got home did he remember about the gun. 8. Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete. IV. BÀI TP V NHÀ Bài tp: Chia đng t trong ngoc theo đúng dng: 1. Never before I (ask) ( accept) a bribe. 2. Not only they (rob) you, they smash everything too. 3. Not till he (get) home he realize that he (lose) his wallet. 4. On no account this switch (must) (touch). 5. Only by shouting he (be) able (make) himself (hear). 6. Only when he (remove) his dark glasses I (realize) who he was. 7. No sooner the burglars (leave) the building than someone (ring) the bell. 8. Not once the great reptile (surface). 9. Not since his childhood Jeff (be) back to the village. 10. Not until we (prepare) dinner together I finally (notice) she (wear) a new ring on her finger. 11. Seldom we (have) any time to ourselves. 12. Rarely he (meet) such a beautiful girl. 13. Hardly ever they (manage) to meet unobserved. 14. Look, there the children (go) to school. 15. Only then she (realize) her mistake. 16. Only by jerkiness in his movements it (can) (see) that he (be) old. 17. Only once he (do) such a thing. Giáo viên: Nguyn Th Tâm Ngun: Hocmai.vn Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trng chung ca hc trò Vit Trang 6 . Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 CHUYÊN LUYN THI TT NGHIP THPT VÀ LUYN THI I HC, CAO NG 2009 Môn:. trò Vit Trang 2 Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009 Ü Only in this way: Ch bng cách này Only in this way could the