PAGE 407 INDEX anticipatory it 50(5) anxiety anxiety about + gerund 132(7) with to-infinitive 124(1a), 126(4) anxious anxious about/for 236(2) Note d anxious about +gerund 132(5b) Note f + noun clause 262 (6a) + subjunctive 242(1) with to-infinitive 123(5), 126(2), 132(5b)Note f any 179 agreement 153(5) + comparative 212(8f) in compounds (anyone etc) 179(1f), 189(2) special use 179(4), 179(5c) Note after without 228(2) Note any longer 210 (3b) any more adverb 210(3a) quantifier 180(2c) anyone/body 189(2) anything 179(1f), 189(2) anyway216(2) anywhere 179(1f), 189(2) apart from 228(7) apologize apologize for 233(2) apologize for + gerund 132(2) performative 16(3) verb of reporting 265(2), 270 (2a, 2e) spelling 308 apology apology for + gerund 132(7), 237(1) Note b apology to 237(1) Note b apostrophe leaving out 146(6) Note plural ending 145(1d) possessive form 146(1) in short forms 55(2) appalled, appalling with quite 212(5c) not with very 212(1a) Note a appear action/state 62(3) it appears 50(5c) linking verb 9(1) appear so/not 43(3) there appeared 50(4) + to-infinitive 120(2) appetite for 237(2g) applause: uncountable 144(4b) application for 237(2g) apply for 233(2) with to-infinitive 126(1) appoint: clause pattern 11(1) apposition 14 agreement 152(4) Note no article 167(6) appreciate + gerund 121(1) approach + object 233(4) not reflexive 186(2d) approve (of) 233(1) Note b + gerund 132(2) approximately 191(4) Arabic 288(2a) Note b are 84(2), 151(1) short form 55 (2b) weak form 55(1b) aren't I? in question 30 (2a) Note question tag 34(1) Note b argue and have an argument 87 (2,4) + noun clause 262 (1c) verb of reporting 265 (2) argument have an argument 87(2, 4) spelling 292(4) Note arise: there arose 50(4) arms 154(1b) army: group noun 156(4) around 225(1), 306(1) + number 191(4) arrange arrange for 126(1) + noun clause 262(1c) with to-infinitive 78(3), 121(1), 126(1) arrangement with to-infinitive 124(2a), 126(4) arrangements be to 76(1) future continuous 75(2) past 80(1), 80(3) Note a present continuous 73(1), 74(2) arrest . for 234 (2) arrive arrive at/in 233(2) there arrived 50(4) articles 158 see also a/an, the as with a/an 212(4) + adjective 199(5b), 221(3) as far/long 210(4b) conjunction (manner) 253(2) conjunction (reason) 251(1) conjunction (time) 250 + gerund 132(1b) and like (conjunction) 253(2) Note a and like (preposition) 228(6) + participle 139(3) Note a + present 77(1) + pronoun 221(5) role (as Chairman) 167(5) pattern with as/though 246(3) Note weak form 55(1b) as a result 247(2) as a result of + gerund 132(8a) as far as . concerned 213(3) as for 184(1e) Note a, 228(1) as if/as though 241 (3a), 242(3), 253(2) as long as 259 (4) as soon as 250(1), 250(5) + present 77 as though: see as if/as though as well (as) 244 agreement 152(4) + gerund 132 (8a) INDEX ashamed comparison 218(4b) ashamed of 236(2) ashamed of + gerund 132 (5b) Note g position 200(2) + to-infinitive 123(5), 132(5b) Note g aside from 306(2) ask ask about 233(3a) Note a, 262(5) Note ask for 233(1) Note a, 233(3a) Note a, 234(2) ask for with to-infinitive 126(1) + noun clause 262(1c) with/without object 8(2) passive pattern 108(3) + preposition 233(3a) Note a verb of reporting 266 reporting orders 270(1) + subjunctive 242(1) + to-infinitive 121(1) ask what to do 125(3) asking for information indirect question 33 intonation 54 (2b) negative question 30(1d) question 22 question tag 34(3) statement 16(2) asking permission 94(2) asleep: position 200(2) aspects 61 (3,4) overview 69,114(1) passive 105(1), 114(1) assistance: uncountable 144(4b) association: group noun 156(4) assume assume so/not 43(3) + noun clause 262 (1c) + object + to-infinitive 122(2c) passive patterns 109 assure with noun clause 265(2,3) astonished at/by 236(2) at after adjective 236 and in, on (place) 226(1) and in, on (time) 227(1) laugh/shout at 233(3c) Note b, c place 225(1,2b) time 227 (1a) weak form 55(1b) at all 17(6b), 212(1a) Note g at least 191(4) at/in the end 229(2b) athletics 154(2) attack attack on 237(2h) verb and noun 287(1) attempt: make an attempt 87(2) + to-infinitive 121(1), 124(1a) verb and noun 287(1) attend to 233(2) attitude to/towards 237(2h) attributive adjective 199(2,3) 200(1) comparison 218(3) order 202(1, 2) with quite, so/such, too 212(4) audience: group noun 156(4) authorize 122 (2b) auxiliary verbs 60, 83 followed by adverb 208(4) in co-ordinate clause 239(1a) Note b modal auxiliary verbs 90 + not 17(2) available available for/to 236(4) position 201 (2) Note a avoid with gerund 121(1), 131(5) negative meaning 17(4) Note a, 252(2) Note c awake: position of adjective 200(2) award passive pattern 108 with to 10(5) aware + noun clause 262(5) Note, 262(6) aware of 236(4) aware of+ gerund 132(4) awareness of + gerund 132(7) away 232 (4) away from 225(1) awful quite awful 212(5c) with to-infinitive 123(1), 126(2) not with very 212(1a) Note a awfully 212(la, 7c) back back of 147 (5f) Note b in phrasal verb 232(2) backshift of tenses 268 bad bad at + gerund 132(4) comparison 218(2b) badly: comparison 219(2) baggage: uncountable 144(4b) bar of 144(3b) bare infinitive 116(1) patterns 127 after verb + object 140(1b) barracks 154(3) base form 58 bath have a bath 87 (2) not reflexive 186(2e) be + adverb 232(4) agreement 151 auxiliary verb 83 continuous 84(3) form 84(2) linking verb 9,84 ordinary verb 84 not passive 104(6b) in questions 23(3) state verb 62(1) + to-infinitive 76,127(4b) weak form 55(1b) be able to 98(2, 3) PAGE 409 INDEX be about to 78(1a) past 80(3) be allowed to 94(3) be bound to 78(2) Note, 95(1) Note b be due to 78(1c) be dying for/to 121(1) Note c be going to 72 passive 105(1d) past 80(1) and will 74 be likely to 96 Note be obliged to 92(1a) Note c be on the point of 78(1b) past 80(3) be required to 92(1a) Note c be set to 78(1b) Note be sick 305(l) Note be supposed to 92(3) be sure to 78(2) Note, 95(1) Note b be to 76 in if-clause 258(2) indirect speech 270(1c) past 80(3) be used to 100 (2c) bear: can't bear 121(2), 122(2d) because 251 because of 251 (3) because of + gerund 132 (8a) become: linking verb 9(1) bed without the 168 been 84(2) and gone 84(6), 303(7) weak form 55(1b) before adverb 227 (5d) conjunction 250(1,2) + gerund 132(8a) in indirect speech 267(2) order 226(7b) with perfect 65(2), 68(3c) preposition of time 227(6c) with present 77 beg + noun clause 262(1c) verb of reporting 265(2) with to-infinitive 121(1), 122(2a) begin + gerund/to-infinitive 121(2) with/without object 8(2,3) behave to/towards 233 (2) behaviour: uncountable 144(4b) behind 225(1, 3b), 226(7a) being 84 (3) belief belief in 132(7), 237(2h) plural 296(2) Note believe clause pattern 11(1) believe in 233(2) believe in + gerund 132(2) + noun clause 262(lb, lc) passive 104(6b), 109 verb of reporting 265(2) I believe so 43(3) state verb 62(1) + object + to-infinitive 122(2c) belong without be 84(5) Note b not passive 104(6b) state verb 62(l,5) belong to 233(2) belongings 154(1a) below + number 191(4) place 225(1), 226(2c) bend with/without object 8(3) beneath 225(1) Note c benefit from 233 (2) + gerund 132(2) beside 225(1) besides 244(2) + gerund 132(8a) better, best adjective 218(2b) adverb 219(2) hope for the best 204(2b) with to-infinitive 123(1), 126(2) between and among 226(8) place 225(1) time 227 (7c) and with 237(2c) beyond 225 (1,3b) billiards 154(2) binoculars 155(4) births 296(3) Note bit of 144(3b) Note a, 144(4a) see also a bit of black out 232(2) blame blame .for+ gerund 132(3), 270(2f) blame . for/on 234(3) performative 16(3) verb of reporting 265(2), 270(2f) blessed 301 blind: the blind 204(1b) blow blowout 232(2) blow up 232(2) board: group noun 156(4) body and one in compounds 189(1a) boil with/without object 8(3) bored get bored 107(3) bored with 236(5) bored with + gerund 132(4) boredom with + gerund 132(7) boring: comparison 218(4b) borrow. from 234(2) both 178(4) both . and 244(4) bother 121(2) Note f bottle (verb) 287(3) bottom of 147(5f) Note b, 226(3) bound to 78(2) Note, 95(1) Note b bowls 154(2) box (verb) 287(3) brake (verb) 287(3) brave of with to-infinitive 126(5) bread: uncountable 144 (4b) INDEX PAGE 410 break break down 232(2) with/without object 8(3) breakup 232 (1b) brilliant brilliant at 236(3) quite brilliant 212 (5c) bring with for/to 10(5) passive pattern 108(3) bring up 232(2) Brit, British 288(2c) Note British and American English 302 buildings: names and the 171(2h-2j) bump into 233(2) burn burn down 232(2) burn low 9(1) with/without object 8(3) business: countable/uncountable 144(5c) busy + participle 138(1) Note but 246 between adjectives 202(2b, 3b) but (= except) 228(7) but for 259(4) Note c + bare infinitive 127(4a) butter (verb) 287(3) buy with for 10(5) passive pattern 108(3) by agent 104(2, 3), 228(1) by any means 17 (6b) by far with comparative 213(3) + gerund 132(8a) by means of+ gerund 132 (8a) place 225(1), 226(6c) surprised at/by 236(2) by the+ measurement 172(3) by the time 77, 250(1) by the way 216(2) time 227 (6c) and with 228(5) by yourself 174(6c) calf, calves 296(2) call clause pattern 11(1) call for/on 233(2) Note b call for with to-infinitive 126(1) call in on 235(2) verb of reporting 265(2) verb and noun 287(1) calm (verb) 287(4) camping: uncountable 144(4b) can ability 98 in conditionals 257 (3b) in indirect speech 268(3c) perception 62(7) permission 94 possibility 97(2) weak form 55(1b) cannot/can't can't bear 121(2), 122(2d) certainty 95 can't help 121(1), 131(5) spelling and pronunciation 98(1) can't stand 121(1) Note a can't wait 121(1) see also can capable of 236(4) + gerund 132(4) capital letters 56(6) cardinal numbers 191 care care about/for 233(2) Note c, 265(5) Note action/state 62(3) care for + gerund 132(2) + to-infinitive 121(1) Note d verb and noun 287(1) careful: comparison 218(4b) careless with to-infinitive 123(1), 126(5) carpet: countable/uncountable 144(5a) carry on 232(2) carry on with 235(2) case pronoun 184(1) possessive form of noun 146 cash: uncountable 144(4b) catch catch on 232(1a) + object + participle 140(2) passive pattern 110(2) catch up with 235(2) cattle 156(6) causative get/have 111 cause cause of 237(2f) + object + to-infinitive 122(2b) cautious: comparison 218(4b) cease + gerund/to-infinitive 121(2) certain certain about/of + wh-clause 262(5) Note comparison 218(4b) + noun clause 262(6) certain of 236(4), 262(5) Note position 200(3) quite certain 212(5c) + to-infinitive 123(6) certainly 214(1) with emphatic form 51 (2a) Note certainty 95 chance (verb) it chanced 50(5c) there chanced 50(4) chance (noun) chance of 237 (2b) + to-infinitive 124(1b) change get changed 107(2) with/without object 8(3) not reflexive 186(2e) verb and noun 287(1) changes in indirect speech 267, 268 characteristic of 236(4) charge passive pattern 108(3) charge . with 132(3), 234(2) PAGE 411 INDEX chat: have a chat 87(2) cheap and cheaply 207 (4) with to-infinitive 123(1), 126(2) check + noun clause 262 (1c) check over 232(2) cheering: uncountable 144(1b) chief: position of adjective 200(1) chiefs 296(2) Note children 298(1) choice + to-infinitive 124(1a) choir: group noun 156(4) choose with/without object 8(2) + to-infinitive 121(1) choose what to do 125(2) church without the 168(4) cinema with the 160(5), 168(4) Note claim + noun clause 262 (1c) passive patterns 109 verb of reporting 265(2) + to-infinitive 121(1) clapping: uncountable 144(4b) class group noun 156(4) with/without the 160(5), 168(4) classifying a/an 161, 164(2) adjective 198(1) gerund 283(2) possessive form 146(4b) relative clause 272(3b), 272(5c) clause adverbial clause 248 conditional clause 255 finite and non-finite 59 gerund clause 130, 131(1, 3) infinitive clause 117 noun clause 260 participle clause 134, 136 relative clause 271 as subject taking singular verb 152(6) as truth adverbial 214(3) clause combinations 240 clause of manner 253(2) clause of place 253(1) clause of purpose 252 clause of reason 251 with participle 139(4) clause of time 250 with participle 139(1-3) clause patterns 7 clause types 239 clean out 232(2) clear (adjective) comparison 218(4a) clear to 236(4) clear what to do 125(2) clear (verb) clear off 232(2) clear up 232 (2) cleft sentence 51 (3) clever with to-infinitive 123(1, 5), 126(5) cliffs 296 (2) Note clock time 195(1) close (verb) close down 232(2) with/without object 8(3) close to 225(1), 226(6) + gerund 132(6) clothes 144(4b) Note e, 154(1a) club: group noun 156(4) cod: plural 297 collective noun 156 college group noun 156(4) without the 168(4) collide with 233(2) colon 56(2c,3e), 56(4) colour adjective: the red one 188(2b) Note coloured question (question tag) 34 combine with/without object 8(3) come come across 233(2) come and . 119(1) Note with be going to 72(2) Note b come by 233(1) Note a + complement 9(1) come off 232 (2) + participle 138(2a) there came 50(4) come to 233(2) + to-infinitive 120(2) come up against 235(2) come up with 235(2) comma 56 apposition 14 relative clause 272(3-5) command + noun clause 262(1c) + object + to-infinitive 122(2a) verb of reporting 265(2) commands: see orders commence 121(2) comment comment about/on 233(3a) Note b, 237(2i) verb of reporting 265 (2) comment adverbial 215 clause 253(3) in front position 49(1b) to-infinitive 119(3) comment tag 34(5) committee: group noun 156(4) common comparison 218(4b) + to-infinitive 123(1) community: group noun 156(4) company: group noun 156(4) comparative of adjectives 218 of adverbs 219 with modifier 212(2) patterns 221 compare to/with 234(2) comparison summary 217 overview of adjectives 218(4d) see also comparative, superlative INDEX PAGE 412 compel + object + to-infinitive 122(2b) complain complain about + gerund 132(2) and make a complaint 87(2) + noun clause 262(1c, 1d) not reflexive 186(2d) verb of reporting 265(2), 270 (2e, 2g) complaint: negative question 30(1b) complement 5, 9(1), 303(1) after action verb 9(1) Note b without article 167(5) clause 262(2) in front position 49(2), 152(7) pronoun 184(1b) subject/object complement 11(1) complete 212(1a) Note a completely 212(1a) Note a, 212(7a) complex noun patterns 147(7) complex sentence 238 compound noun 283(1) plural 145(1c) compound sentence 239(1) compounds 283 hyphens 56(5) participles 137(2, 4) with some, any 179(lf, 4c), 189 concentrate concentrate on 233(2) not reflexive 186(2d) concerned as far as . concerned 213 (3) position 201 (2) + preposition 236(2) Note e concession although etc 246 whoever etc 254 conclude: verb of reporting 265(2) concord 150 concrete noun: countable/uncountable 144(1b) conditional clause 255 with any 179(1e) with participle 139(6) conditional form: would 99 conduct: uncountable noun 144 (4b) confess + gerund 121(1) performative 16(3) verb of reporting 265(2), 270(2e, 2g) confess to 233 (2) confess to + gerund 132(2) confident + noun clause 262 (6a) confident of 236(2) confirm + noun clause 262(lc, 1d) verb of reporting 265(2) conflict: stress 287(2) confused 203 confused at/by 236(2) comparison 218(4b) get confused 107(3) confusing 203 + to-infinitive 123(1) congratulate congratulate .on 132(3), 234(2) performative 16(3) congratulations 154 (1a) conjunction 243, 248 + participle 139(3) in clause without verb 199(5c) connection between/with 237 (2c) connective relative clause 272(4b), 274(5) connector: see conjunction conscious + noun clause 262(5) Note, 262(6a) conscious of 236(4), 262(5) Note consequently 247 (2) consider clause pattern 11(1) + gerund 121(1) + noun clause 262 (1c) passive patterns 109 verb of reporting 265(2) + object + to-infinitive 122(2c) Note consider what to do 125(2) considering 251(3) Note c consist of 233(2) state verb 62(1, 5) consonant changes 286 contact clause 273(5) contain: state verb 62(1) content position 200(2) + to-infinitive 132(5a) content with 236(2) content with + gerund 132(4, 5a) contents 154(1b) contest: stress 287(2) continue + gerund/to-infinitive 121(2) with/without object 8(3) verb of reporting 265(2) continuous 61 (4) with action/state verb 62 with modal verb 91(4), 95(3), 97(1c) passive 105(1c), 114(1) see also present continuous etc continuous infinitive 116(1) continuous passive participle 135(4) in relative clause 276(2) Note contractions (short forms) 55 contrast: see concession contrast contrast between/with 237(2c) stress 287(2) control + object 233(4) verb and noun 287(1) convenient with to-infinitive 123(1), 126(2) conversation: countable/uncountable 144(5d) convince: verb of reporting 265(3) convinced + noun clause 262 (6a) cook with for 10(5) with/without object 8(3) co-ordinate clause 239(1), 243 cope with 233(2) PAGE 413 INDEX copula (linking verb) 9 copy copy down 232(2) verb and noun 287(1) corner after at/in/on 226(1c) Note correct: comparison 218(4b) cost action/state 62(3, 4) not passive 104 (6b) verb and noun 287(1) costly 207(2) could ability 98 in conditionals 257 (4d, 6b) in indirect speech 268(3c) perception 62(7) permission 94 possibility 97(2, 3) 98(3e) and was able to 98(3) weak form 55(1b) after wish 241 (2b) could have done 97(3), 98(3d) in conditionals 257(6b) after wish 24l(2c) couldn't impossibility 98(3e) past ability 98(3b) past certainty 95(5) council: group noun 156(4) count on 233(2) + gerund 132(2) countable noun 144 countries capital letter 56(6d) with/without the 171 (2a) countryside with the 160(5) uncountable 144 (4b) couple 191(1) Note i court without the 168(4) cowardly 207 (2) crash crash into 233(2) with/without object 8(3) crazy about 236 (2) crew: group noun 156(4) crises: irregular plural 298(5) criteria 298(2) criticize . for 234(2) criticizing conditional 256(2) might 97(1d) negative question 30(1c) crockery: uncountable 144(4b) cross out 232(2) crossroads 154(2) crowd: group noun 156(4) crowded with 236(1) cruel: comparison 218(4b) cry cry out 232(2) verb of reporting 265(2) curious curious about 236(2), 262(5) Note + noun clause 262(5) Note curricula 298(2) customs 154(1b) cut cut down 232(2) cut down on 235(2) cut off 232(2) cut up 232(2) cutlery 144(4b) 'd (short form) 55 (2b) Note a daily 207 (6), 211(4) damage countable/uncountable 144(4b) Note a, 154(1b) damage to 237 (2k) verb and noun 287(1) danger in/of + gerund 132(7) dangerous with to-infinitive 123(1), 126(2) dangling participle 136(2) Note dare 101, 303(9) dark with/without the 169(6) darts 154(2) dash 56(2c,3e), 274(2) dates 195(2) US 304(8) dawn with/without the 196(6) Note day without article 169(5) without preposition 227(2a) Note b day with/without the 169(6) dead quite dead 212(5c) the dead 204(1b) deaf: the deaf 204(1b) deal: a great deal of 177(4a) deal in/with 233(2) Note d deaths 296(3) Note decide intention 78(3) + noun clause 262 (1c) with/without object 8(2) decide on 120(1) Note, 233(2), 262(5) Note + passive clause 112(2a) Note passive patterns 109(1, 3) patterns 120 verb of reporting 265(2) and take a decision 87(2) + to-infinitive 121(1) decide what to do 125(2) decimals 193(2) decision decision about/on 262(5) Note + to-infinitive 124(2a) decisions with will 71(4), 74(2), 75(2) declarative (statement) 16 declare clause pattern 11(1) + noun clause 262(lc, 1d) passive patterns 109 performative 16(3) verb of reporting 265(2) + object + to-infinitive 122(2c) Note b . 62(1) + to- infinitive 76,127(4b) weak form 55(1b) be able to 98(2, 3) PAGE 409 INDEX be about to 78(1a) past 80(3) be allowed to 94(3) be bound to 78(2). Note b be due to 78(1c) be dying for /to 121(1) Note c be going to 72 passive 105(1d) past 80(1) and will 74 be likely to 96 Note be obliged to 92(1a) Note