ESSAY OUTLINE ( FOR IELTS ) Topic 5 Environment – population –polution- Animal SECTION 3: ENVIRONMENT 1. Problems and solutions • Rain forests: - solution: governments in rainforest countries need to plan and work together. They should also protect certain areas and plant new forest. • energy: - at the moment, 94% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels. There’s enough coal for the next 300 years, but oil is only enough for next 50 years. What happens then? Well, one answer is nuclear energy. But after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, many people think nuclear power isn’t safe. - The green solutions: they all use natural energy already in the environment: - Wind energy - Solar energy - Wave energy - Geothermal energy (from hot rocks under the Earth) • Acid rain: - solutions: Industrial countries should control their levels of pollution. This is already happening in some parts of Europe. • Widelife: - Animals are a part of the environment, too. Millions of them are killed or treated cruelly by man every year. There are five main groups: - Animals used for scientific research: rabbits. - Animals killed for sport; foxes. - Animals killed for fur, skin: crocodies. - Animals – their environment are in danger: glorillas. - Animals kept in cruel conditions on farm: chicken, cows. - solution: groups like Greenpeace have already helped to stop whale hunting. Now, they want to stop fur hunting, too -> they believe in animal rights. Animals shouldn’t suffer. The cruelty must stop. 2. Why is protecting environment important? • We need a healthy environment in order to survive so we must protect it. We need to protect the environment now to help prevent health problems, to maintain the ecosystem and to preserve the earth for our children. • Pollution from factories and cars can cause damages to the environment. Moreover, pollution cause health problems, particularly for children and the elderly who have weaker immune system. We need to ensure that there are controls on the amount of pollution when possible so as to prevent health problems caused by breathing dirty air. • We also need to pay attention to the ecosystem. Trees, plant life, and people all depent on each other. An unhealthy environment can have harmful effects on the ecosystem. For example, if a plant dies because of changes to the environment and that plant is food for an animal, that animal won’t have any food. If human uses that animal as a food source there could be big problems. • If we do not respect our environment now, it will continue to get worse and our children will suffer the consequences. They wouldn’t have the same quality of air to breath or natural beauty to admire. That would be sad. • Without clean air to breath, a healthy ecosystem and a future for our children the human race would not survive. That’s why protecting our environment is important. 3. "Action such as recycling cannot be left up to the good will of the individual. It must be forced on us by government." Discuss this statement and suggest how governments can encourage people to be more aware of environmental issues. - ideas How can the government encourage/force us to recycle? 3 • new laws • introduce fines • provide special collection services for different types of rubbish • promote recycling through a media campaign • teach children about recycling and environmental issues at school. Why should we recycle? 1 • too much rubbish - nowhere to put it • using up important resources too quickly • rubbish causes pollution, e.g. plastic which is not biodegradable. What are the disadvantages of government legislation to encourage/force people to recycle? 4 • people wouldn''t need to think about the environment - they just follow the law • may be an expensive policy • checking and fining people who don''t recycle would be expensive to do, so the government might have to raise taxes to pay for it Why don''t people recycle without government law? 2 • it''s easier not to recycle - people are naturally lazy • people are not aware of environmental issues Where do people recycle a lot? 5 • Germany, for example. How much should the government fine people who do not recycle? 3 - add to the other ideas above • High fines to make people do it. Who should check if people are recycling? The police? 4 • very difficult point - police are too busy • maybe local council officials 4. To what extent is the continuous use of fossil fuels acceptable given the evidence of global warming? 5. Topic15: To what extent should economic planning be influenced by the need of environmental conservation? 6. Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. TOEFL123 - what are examples for the loss of such important resources? - forests. - Animals - Clean water - Why they are being lost? - due to human beings’ activities like: exploration for natural resources. - Polluted environment - What is the obvious example? Give evidence - Our trees. - Hundreds of thousands of arces of trees disappear in countries all around the world. - what is the reason? - Trees are used for fuel. - Trees are destroyed to build housing developments and shopping centers. - Why this resource is important? - Trees are essential to our survival. They are a major part of the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants use carbon dioxide to produce oxygen, and oxygen is something all of us need. The fewer trees there are, the more this affects our ability to breath. - Trees are also important in the development of many medicines. Many drugs come from the leaves of certain trees, along with other herbs and plants. - Trees are important to soil conservation. This is why you’ll usually see trees lining a field. Tree roots help keep the soil in place, and are also a factor in water distribution deep beneath the ground. - Trees provide so much pleasure. - What can be done to protect this disappearance? 7. The environment is the most important issue in the world today. Discuss. 8. The United Nations should be given a stronger role in global economic management in order to ensure that the world’s resources are used wisely.- British Council. In the twentieth century, many countries have been developing their economies and improving the standard of their people. The “ Tiger economies” of East Asia provide a very good example of this. At the same time, it is true that there are some environmental problems with development, such as air and water pollution, and the cutting down of large areas of rain forest in some countries. I do not think the UN is the best organisation to take on a management role to try and find a balance in such matters. It has become clear in recent years that the UN is not very good at managing its own affair. Some people sent to work for UN seem to have more interest in their own advancement than in serving the greater cause of mankind. As a result there have been serious problems with waste and inefficiency in the work of the UN. I would argue that problems of development and of conservation have to be solved by the countries concerned. As standards of living rise in the developing economies, people in those countries will start to fight against pollutiion and demand a better standard of living. These countries will eventually follow a path like that of the developed countries and issues of conservation will become increasingly important. The best role that the UN can play is to help countries get together to sort out problems of mutual interest which cross national borders. There are also special global problems, such as the hole in the ozone layer, where the UN can provide a forum for countries to seek common solutions. But this is a very different matter from giving the UN a stronger role in global economic management. 9. Topic43 :The forests are becoming smaller and the planet is more polluted everyday.” Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of economic development. (250 words) economic What’s the connections between bad sides of economic development and environmental issue? - First, and most importantly, economic development of many countries makes massive problems, which damage the environment. - For example, if some countries have a good economy, they will want to spread the prosperity to outside countries. Therefore, sometimes they have to cut down a forest to build buildings or factories. As a result, the forests are now becoming smaller. - Moreover, there are many kinds of industries, such as chemical or petroleum industries that cause the planet to be polluted everyday. So we should not overlook these problems while we are developing an economy. 10. To what extent should industry be made to pay for environmental pollution? . ESSAY OUTLINE ( FOR IELTS ) Topic 5 Environment – population –polution- Animal SECTION 3: ENVIRONMENT 1. Problems and solutions • Rain forests:. five main groups: - Animals used for scientific research: rabbits. - Animals killed for sport; foxes. - Animals killed for fur, skin: crocodies. - Animals