Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
SQL Server - Bài
Planning and Creating IndexVu Tuyet Trinhtrinhvt-fit@mail.hut.edu.vnHanoi University of Technology1 MicrosoftMicrosoftOutlineIntroduction to IndexesUnderstanding Index ArchitectureRetrieving Stored Data with SQL ServerDefining IndexesCreating Indexes Maintaining Index2 MicrosoftMicrosoftIndexData storageRows are stored in data pagesHeaps are a collection of data pages for a tableData accessScanning all data pages in a tableUsing an index that points to data on a pageData PagesPage 7 Page 8 Page 9AkhtarFunkSmithMartin .Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 .ConFunkWhite RuddWhiteBarr SmithOtaJones MartinPhuaJonesSmith .GanioJonesHall . MicrosoftMicrosoftCreating Index or not ?Creating indexSpeeds up data accessEnforces uniqueness of rowsDonot creating indexConsumes disk spaceIncurs overheadPrimary and foreign keysFrequently searched in rangesFrequently accessed in sorted orderSeldom referenced in queriesContaining few unique valuesDefined with bit, text, or image data types MicrosoftMicrosoftIndex ArchitectureHow SQL Server Uses IndexesMaintaining HeapsUsing Clustered IndexesUsing Nonclustered IndexesAccessing a Range of Data in a HeapAccessing a Range of Data with Clustering Keys MicrosoftMicrosoftHow SQL Server Uses Indexes1. Determining if index exists on an appropriate column for the query2. If an index does not existScanning each data page of the table.3. If an index exists, Determining whether that index is useful for retrieving the desired data. 3.1 If the index is useful, SQL Server then uses it to access the rows in the table3.2 If the index is not user full databaseScanning each data page in table MicrosoftMicrosoftMaintaining Heaps Using index allocation map pagesContaining information on where the extents of a heap are storedNavigating through the heap and find available space for new rows being insertedConnecting data pagesReclaiming space for new rows in the heap when a row is deleted MicrosoftMicrosoftUsing Clustered IndexesEach table can have only one clustered indexThe physical row order of the table and the order of rows in the index are the sameKey value uniqueness is maintained explicitly or implicitly MicrosoftMicrosoftUsing Non-clustered IndexesNon-clustered indexes are the SQL server defaultExisting non-clustered indexes are automatically rebuilt when:An existing clustered index is droppedA clustered index is createdThe DROP_EXISTING option is used to change which columns define the clustered index MicrosoftMicrosoftAccessing a Range of Data in a HeapData PagesPage 7 Page 8 Page 9AkhtarFunkSmithMartin 470601470602470603470604 .Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 ConFunkWhite .470401470402470403 RuddWhiteBarr .470501470502470503 SmithOtaJones .470701470702470703 MartinPhuaJonesSmith 470801470802470803470804 .GanioJonesHall .470901470902470904 Index PagesNon-leafLevelPage 12 - RootPage 37 Page 28Leaf Level(Key Value)Page 41 Page 51 Page 61 Page 71 Akhtar .MartinAkhtarBarrConFunkFunk470601470503470401470602470402MartinMartinOtaPhuaRudd470801470604470702470802470501MartinSmith .SmithSmithSmithWhiteWhite470603470804470701470403470502AkhtarGanio .GanioHallJonesJonesJones470901470904470902470803470703SELECT lastname, firstanmeFROM memberWHERE lastnameBETWEEN 'Martin' AND 'Rudd'Data PagesPage 7 Page 8 Page 9AkhtarFunkSmithMartin 470601470602470603470604 .Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 ConFunkWhite .470401470402470403 RuddWhiteBarr .470501470502470503 SmithOtaJones .470701470702470703 MartinPhuaJonesSmith 470801470802470803470804 .GanioJonesHall .470901470902470904 Index PagesNon-LeafLevelPage 12 - RootPage 37 Page 28Leaf Level(Key Value)Page 41 Page 51 Page 61 Page 71 Akhtar .MartinAkhtarBarrConFunkFunk470601470503470401470602470402MartinMartinOtaPhuaRudd470801470604470702470802470501MartinSmith .SmithSmithSmithWhiteWhite470603470804470701470403470502AkhtarGanio .GanioHallJonesJonesJones470901470904470902470803470703MartinMartinMartinMartinMartinMartin470801470801MartinMartin470604470604OtaOta470702470702PhuaPhua470802470802RuddRudd470501470501MartinMartin 470801470801PhuaPhua 470802470802OtaOta 470702470702MartinMartin 470604470604RuddRudd 470501470501 [...]... title_no 5 10 4 35 35 35 Column 1 Composite Key Microsoft Column 2 member_no 3744 5278 3445 out_date 199 8-0 1-0 6 199 8-0 1-0 4 199 8-0 1-0 4 Creating Index Option Using the FILLFACTOR option Using the PAD_INDEX option Microsoft Using the FILLFACTOR Option Specifies how much to fill the page Impacts leaf-level pages Data Pages Full Con 470401 Funk 470402 White 470403 Rudd 470501 White 70502 4 Barr... 1634White9355 2634 Jones6002 6078 Rudd 8078 Hall Clustered Index Page 141 Akhtar Ganio Microsoft Non-Leaf Non-leaf Level 2334 Akhtar 5678 Barr Barr 2534 Con 1334 Funk 1534 Funk 4705 Page 100 Akhtar Martin Page 140 - Root 7678Ganio 8078 Hall 2434Jones 5978Jones 5788 5788 2634Jones 6002 Page 110 Page 145 Martin Smith 1234 Martin 7778 Martin 7206 5878 Ota Ota 7878 Phua 6078 Rudd ... library CREATE UNIQUE INDEX title_ident ON title (title_no) title title_no title author synopsis 10 11 12 The Night-Born Lemon Walking Jack London ~~~ Motojirou ~~~ Henry David Thoreau ~ ~ ~ Duplicate key values are not allowed when a new row is added to the table 12 Microsoft Le Petit Prince Antoine de Saint-Exupery ~~~ Creating Composite Indexes USE library CREATE UNIQUE INDEX loan_ident ON loan (isbn,... Barr 470503 Smith 470603 Ota 470702 Jones 470803 White 470902 Microsoft Using the PAD_INDEX Option Specifies percentage to which to fill index page Must use with FILLFACTOR option Impact Non-Leaf-Level Index pages Microsoft Obtaining Information on Existing Indexes Using the sp_helpindex system stored procedure Using the sp_help tablename system stored procedure USE library EXEC sp_helpindex... fragmentation Index tuning wizard DBCC SHOWCONTIG Statement DROP_EXISTING Option Statistical information Index analysis Microsoft Data Fragmentation How fragmentation occurs Managing fragmentation SQL Server reorganizes index pages when data is modified Reorganization causes index pages to split Dropping and recreating an index and specifying a fillactor value Rebuild an index and specify a fillfactor...Accessing a Range of Data in Clustering Key 1234 5678 Page 12 - Root Index Pages Page 37 Page 28 1234 5678 2234 7678 SELECT lastname, firstanme Page 41 FROM member Page 51 Page 61 Page 71 Leaf Level 2234 White 5678 Barr 7678 Ganio 1234 Martin WHERE 2334 Akhtar . copy_no title_no member_no3423423435104353535374452783445out_date199 8-0 1-0 6199 8-0 1-0 4199 8-0 1-0 4 MicrosoftMicrosoftCreating Index OptionUsing the FILLFACTOR. implicitly MicrosoftMicrosoftUsing Non-clustered IndexesNon-clustered indexes are the SQL server defaultExisting non-clustered indexes are automatically