557386 index.qxd 4/2/04 10:00 AM Page 402 Ł Index 402 text, boldface, 45 helping readers navigate with, 44 with CSS, 66 text alignment, adjusting with CSS, 74–75 text decorations, producing with CSS, 75 text editor, 27, 104 using to create Web pages, 28–30 text styles, HTML, 43. See also Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) combining, 47, 48 in CSS, 72–76 history of, 44 meanings of, 44 specifying, with CSS, 66–67 <textarea> (text input box) tag, 198, 202–203 text-based advertisements, 367–369 TextEdit, 27. See also text editor <th> (table head) tag, 163–164 thumbnail images, 142 tiling background images, using CSS for, 137 time, current obtaining using JavaScript, 248–251 obtaining using Perl, 212 <title> (document title) tag, 34–35 <tr> (table row) tag, 160 trademark character, creating with CSS, 75 transparent GIF, 123, 147–148 <tt> (monospace text) tag, 46, 53, 67 .txt files default extension used by NotePad, 30 displayed in Web browser, 23, 30 typefaces, 27, 67 monospace, 27 proportional, 27 specifying, in HTML documents, 50 TypePad hosted weblog, 294 U <u> (underlined text) tag, 46 <ul> (unordered list) tag, 85 redefining, with CSS, 86–87, 94–96 style attributes for, CSS, 94, 96 type attribute of, 93 Uniform Resource Locator (URL), 7. See also <a> (anchor) tag absolute, 108 case sensitivity of, 16 for e-mail, 17 examples of, 13–14 format of, 13–14, 17 for FTP, 13, 14 fully qualified, 94, 108 interpretation of relative, 108–109 invention of, 12–13 limitations of, 16 port numbers in, 15 purpose of, 12 relative, 94, 108–109, 112 resolution of, 108 spaces within, 16 special characters in, 16–17 special URLs, 17 for Telnet, 17 for Usenet groups, 14, 18 for Web pages (hypertext), 18–19 underlined text, 46 with CSS, 75 unrecognized HTML tags, 22–23 URI, 337 URL (Uniform Resource Locator), 7) absolute, 108 case sensitivity of, 16 for e-mail, 17 examples of, 13–14 format of, 13–14, 17 for FTP, 13, 14 fully qualified, 94, 108 interpretation of relative, 108–109 invention of, 12–13 limitations of, 16 port numbers in, 15 purpose of, 12 relative, 94, 108–109, 112 resolution of, 108 spaces within, 16 special characters in, 16–17 special URLs, 17 for Telnet, 17 for Usenet groups, 14, 18 for Web pages (hypertext), 18–19 usability of a Web site, improving. See also the following entry through careful use of color, 329–330 through careful use of text and graphics, 328–329 for color-blind individuals, 330 557386 index.qxd 4/2/04 10:00 AM Page 403 V 403 Ł Index through consistent layout across pages, 326–328 by grouping information, 326 by minimizing amount of information presented to the viewer, 324–325 as a process, 333 usability rules followed or violated at AOL’s Web site, 324 at Firstgov.gov Web site, 326–327 at Google’s Web site, 324 at Intuitive Systems’s Web site, 331 at the MSN Web site, 324 at Open Directory Project Web site, 332 at the U.S. Internal Revenue Service Web site, 324, 326 at the U.S. Social Security Administration Web site, 325, 326 at the Yahoo! Web site, 324, 330, 332 Usenet newsgroups accessing, 18 special URL format for, 14, 18 user’s Web browser, ascertaining, 213, 241–243 validation of CSS style sheets, 344–347 of HTML form data, 251–253 of HTML pages, 337–341 medallions, 340–341 of RSS feeds, 305–306 of WML pages, 347–349 of XHTML pages, 341–344 <var> (variable) tag, 53 video clips in Web pages, 154 video files MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group), 154 QuickTime, 154 view, of Web page, 365. See also advertisements on Web pages Visual Basic Script (VBScript), 255–256 W WAP Forum, the, 349 WAV files, 153 Web browser(s), 8 ascertaining the user’s, 213, 241–243 Camino, 8 compatibility of (with Web site), 213, 241–243 cookies, 333–334 default presentation settings of, 85 Internet Explorer (Microsoft), 8, 9 interpretation of HTML by, 21–23, 29, 33 Lynx, 127–128 Mozilla, 9 Netscape, 9 non-CSS-compatible, 65 text-based, 127–128 transferring files with, 7–8, 14–16 Web crawlers assisting, to index your Web site, 352–358 preventing, from indexing your Web site, 358–360 used by spammers, 360 Web files. See also <a> (anchor) tag; Cascading Style Sheets (CSS); CGI scripts alignment of images in, controlling, 128–134 alignment of tables in, controlling, 161, 164–165, 180–181 audio in, 153–155 background colors and graphics in, 136 capitalization in, controlling with CSS, 76 character entities in, 96–99 character set (charset) of, 337 coding, for non-CSS-compatible browsers comments in, 65, 99–100 consistent coding style for, 26, 34 colors in, controlling, 119–120 creating with a text editor, 28–30 designing, for non-frames-capable browsers, 186–188 DOCTYPE declaration in, 336 and the Document Object Model (DOM), 244 dynamically generated by CGI scripts, 210–211 example of, 54 finding/creating images for, 140–147 font styles in, 49–52 foreign characters (diacritical marks) in, 96–98 forms in, basics of, 196–203 frames in, basics of, 181–183 with graphics, design philosophies for, 127 image-mapped graphics in, 149–153 including copyrighted material in, 143, 146, 147, 153 including images in, 123–127 Continued 557386 index.qxd 4/2/04 10:00 AM Page 404 Ł Index 404 Web files (continued) integration of links and text in, 107 kerning in, using CSS, 72 keyboard shortcuts in, 230 leading in, adjusting with CSS, 73–74 letter spacing in, adjusting with CSS, 72 line spacing in, adjusting with CSS, 73–74 links in, 103–108, 114–119 logical styles for, 52 multimedia in, 153–155 navigation of, 44, 117, 330–333 organizing, in a Web site, 109–112, 113 preamble of, 211 rendering of, by Web browser, 29 section heads in, defining 37–39 sections of, 32–34 small capitals in, using CSS, 71–72 tables in, basics of, 159–165 testing, 23, 31–32, 39, 85, 117, 377–378 text decorations in, using CSS, 75 text styles in, 44–49 titling of, 34–35 user input from, 196–198 using digital photographs in, 144–145 using tables for layout of, 174–176 video in, 153–155 word spacing in, adjusting with CSS, 73 Web hosting options, 379–383 assessing, 379–380 Web page scripting. See CGI scripts; JavaScript; Perl programming language; scripting solutions, alternate Web pages, 30. See also HTML documents character set of, 337 gathering, into frames, 181–183 index.html, 19 on mobile devices, 347–349 titling of, 34–35 Web pages, advertisements on banner, 364–366 charges for placing, 365, 367 interstitial, 222 text-based, 367–369 Web pages, dynamically generated examples of, 211–213, 321–322 and security issues, 216 using CGI scripts, 210–211 using server-side includes, 316 Web rings, 363–364 Web servers, 18–19 Web site access lists for restricting visibility of directories, 313–316 for restricting Web crawlers and robots, 358–360 Web site feedback, 198–200 Web site planning announcing your Web page, 378 building pages in, 375–376 conceptualization for, 373–375 loading files onto Web and, 377–378 testing and, 377 Web site usability rules followed or violated by AOL, 324 Firstgov.gov, 326–327 Google, 324 Intuitive Systems, 331 MSN, 324 Open Directory Project, 332 U.S. Internal Revenue Service, 324, 326 U.S. Social Security Administration, 325, 326 Yahoo!, 324, 330, 332 Web site(s). See also presence providers for ActiveX, 258 AdWords, 367 AltaVista, 363 Art Today, 141, 146 for audio files and software, 153–154, 154–155 banner advertisements on, 364–366 content rating of, with PICS, 356–358 crawler-friendly, making your, 352–356 for Creating Cool Web Sites (Taylor), 9, 76 design process, 373–378 directories and indexes of, 360–363 DMOZ (Open Directory Project), 361 for document object models, 280 effective use of color in, 329–330 Etymologic.com, 208, 216 for GIF tools, 149 Google, 362 GraphicConverter, 123, 140 for graphics and images, 147 for graphics software packages, 123 for the Gutenberg Bible, 44 ht://Dig search engine, 332 for image map editors, 149 including a search engine in, 206–208, 332 557386 index.qxd 4/2/04 10:00 AM Page 405 405 Ł Index Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB), 366 Intuitive Systems (intuitive.com), 311–313 for Java, 257 of Jill Whalen, 369 of Karen Kenworthy, 333 Lycos, 362–363 for Macromedia Flash, 259 navigating, 44, 117, 330–333 Open Directory Project, 361 organizing files of a, 109–112, 113, 309–313 Paint Shop Pro, 123, 140 for Perl, 216 for the PICS system, 358 protecting files of a, 313–316 publicizing, 369 Real Corporation, 154 for RSS, 306 for RSS validation, 305 on scanners and scanning, 143 The Shock Zone, 146 testing, 23, 31–32, 39, 85, 117, 377–378 text-based advertisements on, 367–369 for this book, 9, 76 usability of, factors influencing, 323–330 using server-side includes to organize, 316–321 for video files and software, 154–155 for VBScript, 256 for WAP and WML, 349 for XSLT, 259 Yahoo!, 361 weblogs adding entries to, 300–301 blogspam on, 298 configuring, 298–300 as content management systems, 293–296 hosted, 294 installing, 297–298 RSS data stream from, 301 “serve your own,” 294 Wham shareware audio file editor, 154 Wicked Cool Shell Scripts (Taylor), 376 width of CSS container, 271 window motion and resizing, detecting. See browser events, Web page code for handling Windows 95/98/2000/XP, 8–9 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), 348 Wireless Markup Language (WML), 347–349 emulator, 348 W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) validation of CSS style sheets, 344–347 of HTML form data, 251–253 of HTML pages, 337–341 medallions, 340–341 of XHTML pages, 341–344 word spacing, adjusting with CSS, 73 World Wide Web (WWW) explained, 3–8 FTP file transfer via the, 7–8, 14–16 information services available on, 5–8 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) validation of CSS style sheets, 344–347 of HTML pages, 337–341 medallions, 340–341 of XHTML pages, 341–344 WWW. See World Wide Web X XHTML and HTML, 41 lowercasing of tags in, 25, 41 unpaired tags in, formatting of 25, 41 XML (eXtensible Markup Language), 41 and RSS, 301, 303 XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations), 258–259 Y Yahoo!, 361 Z z-index (depth value) attribute (of CSS container), 286–290 . navigate with, 44 with CSS, 66 text alignment, adjusting with CSS, 74–75 text decorations, producing with CSS, 75 text editor, 27, 104 using to create Web pages,. rating of, with PICS, 356–358 crawler-friendly, making your, 352–356 for Creating Cool Web Sites (Taylor), 9, 76 design process, 373–378 directories and indexes