UNIT 12: THE RIGHT APPROACH 1 READING 1. approach / C ’ prCUtS / noun [count] attempt to make a business arrangement with: thăm dò, tiếp xúc (để đạt 1 thỏa thuận). The club has made an approach to a local business firm for sponsorship. [count] an act of communicating with another person or group in order to ask for something: cách tiếp cận, phương pháp. A new approach to language teaching: Phương pháp mới về dạy ngôn ngữ. approach (verb) to speak, write or visit someone in order to do something such as make a request or business agreement: tiếp xúc, tiếp cận. 2. permission / pC ’ mISn / noun [uncount] the right to do something that is given to you by someone in authority: sự cho phép, giấy phép. They entered the area without permission. permit / pC ’ mIt / (verb) [transitive] to allow someone to do something, or something to happen: cho phép permit sb to do sth permit sb sth She permitted herself a single candy bar a week. permit of sth (phrasal verb) [transitive] to make sth possible: cho phép, thừa nhận. The situation does not permit of any delay: Tình thế không cho phép bất kỳ sự trì hoãn nào. 3. someone can’t stand someone/something: used for saying that the person dislikes someone or something very much: chịu đựng cái gì/ai I can’t stand milk. John just can’t stand his mother-in-law. 4. earplugs /’ IrplVg / noun [count] a small piece of soft material such as wax, cotton or plastic that you put into your ear to keep noise or water out: cái nút tai 5. client /’ klaICnt / noun [count] a customer or someone who receives sevices: khách hàng Mr. Black has been a client of this firm for many years. 6. intrusive / In ’ trusIv / (adj) interrupting a peaceful situation: gây phiền phức intrusive noise/lights/tourists intrude / In ’ tru:d / verb [intransitive] to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be: xâm phạm intrusion / In ’ truZn / on/upon/into something noun [count or uncount] something that interrupts a peaceful situation or a private event: việc gây phiền phức. It’s so quiet here that the occasional distant noise is the only intrusion. 7. co-worker / ,kCU ’ wE:kC ( r )/ noun [count] someone who works with you, especially someone with a similar position or status in an organization: đồng nghiệp 8. cubicle /’ kju:bIkl / noun [count] a small enclosed area in a room, separated from the rest of the room by thin walls or curtains: phòng ngủ nhỏ (ở bệnh viện, trường học…) 9. strain / streIn / verb [transitive or intransitive] to try very hard to do something: ráng sức, cố gắng, gắng sức. to strain one’s ears/eyes: to try very hard to hear or see something: vểnh tai/căng mắt 10. scene / si:n / noun [count] a noisy argument or a strong show of feelings in a public place: trận cãi lộn 1 make/cause a scene: gây chuyện cãi lộn 11. compromise /’ kOmprCmaIz / verb [intransitive] ~ on sth: to solve a problem or end an argument by accepting that you cannot have everything that you want: dàn xếp We simply cannot compromise on the question of human rights. compromise /’ kOmprCmaIz / noun [count or uncount] a way of solving problem or ending an argument in which both people or groups accept they cannot have everything they want: sự thoả hiệp, cách giải quyết. Most wage claims are settled by compromise: Phần lớn các yêu sách về tiền lương đã được giải quyết bằng thoả hiệp. 12. accessible / Ck ’ sesCbl / (adj) ~ to: easy for anyone to obtain and use: có thể tới được, có thể sử dụng được. documents not accessible to the public: những tài liệu không mở rộng cho công chúng sử dụng. access /’ Akses / noun [uncount] the right or opportunity to have or use something that will brings you benefits: cơ hội hoặc quyền sử dụng cái gì. Students must have access to a good library: Sinh viên phải được quyền vào đọc sách ở 1 thư viện tốt. access /’ Akses / verb [transitive] to get information, especially from a computer: lấy thông tin hoặc đưa thông tin vào (máy tính) 13. granted /’ grAntCd / (adv) used when you are admitting that something is true: cứ cho là như vậy, cứ công nhận như vậy. Granted, it’s splendid car, but have you seen how much it costs? Cứ cho là như vậy, đó là 1 chiếc xe tuyệt vời, nhưng anh đã xem nó giá bao nhiêu chưa? Take something for granted: to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it: cho rằng cái gì là đúng. I take it for granted you have read this book: Tôi cứ coi như là anh đã đọc cuốn sách này rồi. 14. considerate / kCn ’ sIdCrCt / (adj) ~ (of sb); ~ (to do sth); ~ (towards sb) thinking about the feelings and needs of other people: chu đáo, ý tứ It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep: Ông thật là ý tứ đã không vhơi đàn piano lúc tôi đang ngủ. consideration / kCn,sIdC ’ reISn / noun [uncount] careful thought before making a decision or judgment about something: sự suy xét, sự cân nhắc. Please give the matter your careful consideration. under consideration: being thought about 15. the initiative / I ’ nISCtIv / noun [singular] the opportunity to take action before other people do: thế chủ động take the initiaitive: dẫn đầu, làm đầu tàu It’s up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons: Nước này cần phải đi đầu trong việc cấm vũ khí hạt nhân. initiate / I ’ nISIeIt / verb [transitive] to make something start: khởi sự, khởi xướng initiate proceedings against sb: khởi tố ai 4 LISTENING 16. fire /’ faIC ( r )/ verb [transitive] to make someone leave their job, sometimes as a punishment: sa thải He’s the person responsible for hiring and firing. 17. gossip /’ gOsIp / noun [uncount] conversation about unimportant subjects, especially people’s private lives: chuyện tầm phào, chuyện ngồi lê đôi mach. I never listen to office gossip. 2 18. nasty /’ nAstI / (adj) bad or very unpleasant: khó chịu, kinh tởm There’s a nasty smell in here. 19. frustrated / frVs ’ treItId / (adj) feeling annoyed and impatient because you are prevented from achieving sth: không hài lòng, nản lòng. Are you feeling frustrated in your present job? frustrate /’ frVstreIt / verb [transitive] to make someone feel annoyed or discouraged because they cannot achieve what they want: làm (ai) nản lòng Mary was frustrated by the lack of appreciation shown of her work: Mary rất nản lòng vì công việc của cô không được đánh giá cao. frustration / frV ’ streISn / noun [count or uncount] an annoyed or impatient feeling that you get when you are prevented from doing what you want: (tình trạng) nản long, không thoả mãn; sự bực mình. Every job has its frustrations. 5 VOCABULAIRY: JOBSB AND WORK 20. overtime /’ CUvCtaIm / noun [uncount] extra hours that someone works at their job: ngoài giờ. I have been working a lot of overtime lately. overtime work/pay/rates 21. promote / prC ’ mCUt / verb [transitive] to move someone to a job at a higher level: đề bạt, thăng chức, thăng cấp. She worked hard and was soon promoted. promotion / prC ’ mCUSn / noun [count or uncount] a move to a higher level in a company, institution or sport: sự đề bạt, thăng chức. If you are successful, you can expect promotion. 22. resign / rI ’ zaIn / verb [intransitive or transitive] ~ (from sth): to state formally that you are leaving a job permanently: từ chức. resign oneself to sth/doing sth: to accept that something unpleasant must happen and that you cannot change it: cam chịu. be resigned to one’s fate: cam chịu số phận 23. salary /’ sAlCrI / noun [count] a fixed amount of money agreed every year as pay for an employee, usually paid directly into his or her bank account every month : tiền lương. an annual salary of $12.000 be on salary: earn a salary Are you on salary or do you get paid by the hour? salaried /’ sAlCrId / (adj) being paid a salary: ăn lương, được trả lương. 24. lay off / leI Of / phrasal verb [transitive] to end someone’s employment, especially temporary because there is not enough work for them: sa thải (công nhân), thường trong một thời gian ngắn. They’ve had to cut back production and lay off workers. 7 SPEAKING 25. expense / Ik ’ spents / noun [count] an amount of money you spend in order to buy or do something: phí tổn. Most children in Britain are educated at public expense: Phần lớn trẻ em ở Anh được học tập do nhà nước trả tiền. 26. champion /’ tSAmpICn / noun [count] someone who has won an important competition, especially in a sport: nhà vô địch, quán quân. An Olympic champion 3 27. stranded /’ strAndId / (adj) unable to leave somewhere because of an inconvenience such as a lack of transport or money: bị kẹt, lâm vào cảnh khó khăn. He left me stranded in town with no car and no money for a bus. 28. take turns: if people take turns, each of them does their share of it, one after the other: lần lượt, thay phiên nhau (làm cái gì) We took turns steering the boat. 8 READING 29. coaster /’ kCUstC ( r )/ noun [count] a small piece of wood, plastic or other material that you put a glass or cup on to protect a surface from heat or liquid: miếng lót cốc, ly (ở bàn). 30. trash can / trAS kAn / noun [count] a metal or plastic container for things that you want to get rid of: thùng rác 31. bouquet / bU ’ keI / noun [count] a collection of flowers, cut and tied together in an attractive way: bó hoa 32. wrapper /’ rApCr / noun [count] a piece of paper, plastic, etc. that is wrapped around something you buy: giấy gói. Candy wrappers 33. container / kCn ’ teInCr / noun [count] something used for storing or holding things, for example a box, bottle or bowl: vật đựng, vật chứa (chai, hộo…) a plastic drinks container 34. even /’ i:vCn / (adj) an even number can be divided exactly by two, for example 2, 4 and 6 are even numbers: số chẵn. 35. odd / Od / (adj) an odd number is a WHOLE NUMBER that cannot be divided exactly by two, for example 1, 3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers: số chẵn. 36. insult / In ’ sVlt / verb [transitive] to say or do something to someone that is rude or offensive: xúc phạm. insult: noun [count] ~ to sb/sth an offensive remark or action: lời nhận xét hoặc hành động xúc phạm 37. host / hCUst / noun [count] someone who invites people to a meal or party, or to stay in their home: chủ nhà They had brought a present for their hosts. hostess /’ hCUtIs / noun [count] a woman who invites someone to a meal or party or to stay for a short time in her home: bà chủ 38. manner /’ mAnCr / noun [plural] the custom or accepted social behavior of a particular group of people: tập quán và phong tục German middle-class manners 39. crunch / krVntS / verb [intransitive or transitive] to bite hard food, causing it to make a loud noise: nhai rau ráu Jane was crunching peanuts noisily. 40. tasteless /’ teIstlCs / (adj) having no flavor: vô vị a tasteless piece of chicken 4 41. wafer /’ weIfC ( r )/ noun [count] a very thin dry biscuit which is often sweet and flavored: bánh xốp 42. typical /’ tIpIkl / (adj) used for saying that someone is behaving in the way they usually behave: đặc trưng, đặc thù (của một người hay vật riêng biệt). It is typical of her to forget: Cô ta có tính hay quên. typify /’ tIpIfaI / verb [transitive never progressive] to be an excellent or typical example of something, to be a typical part or feature of something: làm mẫu cho; là điển hình của, là thí dụ tiêu biểu cho. Now a millionaire, he typified the self-made man: Nay trở thành nhà triệu phú, ông ấy là tiêu biểu cho loại người tự lập. 43. intonation / ,IntC ’ neISn / noun [count oor uncount] the way in which your voice rises or falls when you speak: ngữ điệu. In English, some questions have a rising intonation: Trong tiếng Anh, một số câu hỏi có ngữ điệu lên giọng. A change of intonation: sự thay đổi ngữ điệu. 44. range / reIndZ / [count] [singular] the limits within which a person or organization is able to deal effectively with something: giới hạn trong đó cái gì thay đổi, phạm vi. There’s a wide range of ability in the class: Trong lớp có nhiều loại năng lực cao thấp khác nhau. 45. enthusiasm / In ’ Tu:zI,AzCm / noun [uncount] the feeling of being very interested in something or excited by it: nhiệt tình. feel no enthusiasm for/about an idea: Cảm thấy không thiết tha đối với một ý kiến. enthusiasitic / In,Tu:zI ’ AstIk / (adj) (~ about/over sth/sb) very interested in something or excited by it: tràn đầy nhiệt tình. She is very enthusiastic about singing: Cô ấy rất say mê hát. 46. block / blOk / noun [count] an area of buildings in a town or city with streets on all four sides: nhóm các tòa nhà lớn đứng giữa bốn con đường. He lives three blocks away from here: Anh ta sống cách đây 3 dãy phố. 47. be in/out of touch / tVtS / (with someone) to/not see, speak to, or write to someone: còn liên lạc với ai Let’s keep in touch: Chúng ta hãy giữ liên lạc với nhau. 5 . something for granted: to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it: cho rằng cái gì là đúng. I take it for granted you have read this. public: những tài liệu không mở rộng cho công chúng sử dụng. access /’ Akses / noun [uncount] the right or opportunity to have or use something that will