this print for content only—size & color not accurate spine = 1.1904" 632 page count Books for professionals By professionals ® Oracle Database 11g: New Features for DBAs and Developers Dear Reader, This book introduces the most useful new features of Oracle Database 11g for both database administrators and developers. We’ve worked with both the beta and production products for almost a year, trying our best to capture the essence of the most interesting innovations. Oracle Database provides several revolutionary new features for DBAs. Database Replay and SQL Performance Analyzer help you perform realistic test- ing during change management. The entire area of diagnostics has been revo- lutionized with the help of the new automatic diagnostic framework. New in backup and recovery is the active database duplication feature, which lets you duplicate databases without any prior backups of the source database. Data Guard provides several innovations such as real-time query standby, redo com- pression, and snapshot standby database. New features abound for developers, too. Performance management fea- tures include the highly useful result cache that improves performance by caching query results for future use. Encrypted tablespaces and support for the SHA-1 password hashing algorithm work to make your database extremely secure. In addition, Oracle has reengineered LOB storage to what is now called SecureFiles. The SecureFiles feature enables compression for performance, offers transparent encryption for security, and saves on storage through the deduplication of LOB data within a segment. A slew of new features in PL/SQL (including several interesting innovations related to triggers), Java, and XML provide an arsenal of powerful tools for the development community. We enjoyed writing this book, and we worked hard on it. We hope you’ll find the book useful in your day-to-day endeavors as DBAs and developers. Sam and Charles Sam R. Alapati, author of Expert Oracle 9i Database Administration Expert Oracle Database 10g Administration OCP Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators Exam Guide RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 11g: A Problem- Solution Approach US $44.99 Shelve in Databases/Oracle User level: All Alapati, Kim Oracle Database 11 g The eXperT’s Voice ® in oracle Oracle Database 11g New Features for DBAs and Developers cyan MaGenTa yelloW Black panTone 123 c Sam R. Alapati and Charles Kim Companion eBook Available THE APRESS ROADMAP Pro Oracle Spatial 2 nd Edition RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 11g Oracle Database 11g: New Features for DBAs and Developers For Developers For Database Administrators www.apress.com SOURCE CODE ONLINE Companion eBook See last page for details on $10 eBook version Charles Kim OCP, RHCT, MCP Learn the powerful new features in Oracle Database 11g and advance to the cutting-edge of Oracle database administration and development. All major features of Oracle Database 11g Release 1 tested and explained All major features of Oracle Database 11g Release 1 tested and explained ISBN-13: 978-1-59059-910-5 ISBN-10: 1-59059-910-1 9 781590 599105 5 4 4 9 9 Oracle Database 11g New Features for DBAs and Developers ■■■ Sam R. Alapati and Charles Kim Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page i Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM Oracle Database 11g: New Features for DBAs and Developers Copyright © 2007 by Sam R. Alapati and Charles Kim All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-910-5 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-910-1 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Jonathan Gennick Technical Reviewer: Robert Blok Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Jason Gilmore, Kevin Goff, Jonathan Hassell, Matthew Moodie, Joseph Ottinger, Jeffrey Pepper, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Sofia Marchant Copy Edit Manager: Nicole Flores Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Kelly Winquist Compositor: Susan Glinert Proofreader: April Eddy Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit http://www.springeronline.com. For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2855 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94705. Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail info@apress.com, or visit http:// www.apress.com. The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work. Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page ii Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM To Jim Gray (Microsoft Technical Fellow), who is deeply missed by the database world, which remembers him with fondness and respect for both his professional brilliance and his warm personal qualities. Jim Gray is responsible for several fundamental database technologies, especially in online transaction processing. Jim Gray is still missing after embarking on a solo one-day boating trip from San Francisco on January 28, 2007, to immerse his mother’s ashes at sea. In 1997 Jim Gray received the A.M. Turing Award (which is considered by some to be the Nobel Prize for computer science) for his “seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation.” Jim Gray is the author of Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques, which has been the classic reference in the field for the last several years. Much of what we do in online transaction processing today flows directly from Jim Gray’s seminal contributions, and all of us who work with relational databases owe an immense debt to him. —Sam R. Alapati I dedicate the completed endeavor of this book to my parents, Wan Kyu and Chong Sik Kim, who made incredible sacrifices for my sisters and me. I thank you for my upbringing, education, work ethic, and any and all accomplishments. Thank you for exemplifying what it means to be a follower of Christ. As a parent myself now, I know that you are truly good and Godly parents. —Charles Kim Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page iii Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page iv Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM v Contents at a Glance About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii ■ CHAPTER 1 Installing, Upgrading, and Managing Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ■ CHAPTER 2 Database Diagnosability and Failure Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ■ CHAPTER 3 Database Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 ■ CHAPTER 4 Performance Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 ■ CHAPTER 5 Database Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 ■ CHAPTER 6 Backup and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 ■ CHAPTER 7 Data Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 ■ CHAPTER 8 Oracle Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 ■ CHAPTER 9 Storage Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 ■ CHAPTER 10 Data Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 ■ CHAPTER 11 Application Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 ■ CHAPTER 12 Data Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 ■ INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page v Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page vi Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM vii Contents About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii ■ CHAPTER 1 Installing, Upgrading, and Managing Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 New Features in Server Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Changes in the Optimal Flexible Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Changes in the Install Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 New Oracle Database 11g Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Role and Privilege Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Installing Oracle Database 11g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 New Features in Database Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 New Initialization Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 DBCA Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 New Oracle Background Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 New Oracle-Supplied PL/SQL Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Upgrading to Oracle Database 11g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Upgrading and the Compatibility Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Upgrade Path to Oracle 11g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Upgrading with the DBUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Performance Testing the Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Downgrading After an Upgrade to 11g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Rolling Upgrade Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Oracle Clusterware Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Real Application Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Database Replay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The SQL Performance Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Database Software Patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 New Features in Database Control for Patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Emergency Hot Patching (Online Database Patching) . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Database Change Management Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Software and Database Cloning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page vii Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM viii ■ CONTENTS ■ CHAPTER 2 Database Diagnosability and Failure Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 The Fault Diagnosability Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Problems and Incidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Incident Packaging Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Structure and Location of the ADR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Investigating and Resolving Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Using the Command-Line Tool adrci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 The Support Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Database Health Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Checks, Failures, and Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Types of Health Monitor Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Manual Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Data Recovery Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Managing the Data Recovery Advisor Through RMAN . . . . . . . . . . . 89 SQL Test Case Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Improvements in Handling Data Corruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 ■ CHAPTER 3 Database Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Database Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Automatic Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Automated Database Maintenance Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Flashback-Related New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Total Recall and the Flashback Data Archive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Flashback Transaction Backout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Database Administration New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Virtual Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 New Data Partitioning Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Allowing DDL Locks to Wait for DML Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Explicit Locking of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Invisible Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Read-Only Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Temporary Tablespace Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Creating an Initialization Parameter File from Memory . . . . . . . . . 136 Restore Point Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Database Resident Connection Pooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Comparing and Converging Database Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Alapati_910-1FRONT.fm Page viii Thursday, October 25, 2007 7:01 AM [...]... sometimes a difficult process to switch a database manually from Database Control to Grid Control In Oracle Database 11g, you can simply use the new EMCP API to switch a database from Database Control to Grid Control Installing Oracle Database 11g The Oracle Universal Installer steps for installing the Oracle Database 11g release software are similar to the steps for the Oracle 10g release There are a few... with any other release, the Oracle1 1g database version deprecates certain components available in older releases The most important of the deprecated components are as follows: • iSQL*Plus • Oracle Workflow • Oracle Enterprise Manager Java Console • Oracle Data Mining Scoring Engine • Raw storage support (installer only) New Oracle Database 11g Components In Oracle Database 11g, the following new components... there is a new optional system privilege in Oracle Database 11g exclusively for ASM administration If you’re migrating from a database release older than Oracle Database 10g (10.2), you must also be aware of the changes made to the connect role New Privileges Group and Database Role for ASM In Oracle Database 11g, there is a clear-cut demarcation between database administration and ASM administration... the Oracle Universal Installer if you want to specify a different directory as the Oracle home location Oracle recommends you specify the same Oracle base for multiple Oracle homes created by a user Choosing the Datafile and Flash Recovery Area Locations In Oracle Database 11g, by default, all datafiles are located one level below the Oracle base The flash recovery area is also one level below the Oracle. .. and Oracle recommends you create this on a disk that is separate from the ones hosting the datafiles In Oracle Database 10g, by contrast, both the flash recovery area and the datafiles are located in the Oracle home directory The datafile location and the flash recovery area in an Oracle Database 11g release database then would look like the following, assuming you chose /u01/app /oracle as your Oracle. .. Authors ■ SAM ALAPATI is an Oracle DBA for the Boy Scouts of America, working at their national office in Los Colinas, Texas Prior to this, Sam worked at Sabre, Oracle Corporation, and NBC Sam has previously published Expert Oracle9 i Database Administration, Expert Oracle Database 10g Administration, and Oracle Database 11g RMAN Recipes, as well as two OCP certification books for Oracle Press Sam has been... software configuration in the Oracle home directories and uploads it to the Oracle configuration repository • Oracle Warehouse Builder: This is an enterprise business intelligence design tool and is installed as part of the Oracle Database server software • Oracle Database Vault: This tool, which enables you to secure business data, is installed with the Oracle Database 11g as an optional component,... changes offered by the Oracle Database 11g release is by first installing the software As a DBA, you must also be wondering what it takes to upgrade from your current version of Oracle (8i, 9i, or 10g) to the Oracle Database 11g version Well, this chapter discusses the changes in the Oracle installation procedures as well as the database upgrade process and the revolutionary new Oracle feature called... session privilege, unlike in releases prior to Oracle Database 10.2, when it also had privileges other than create session If you’re upgrading to Oracle Database 11g from a release older than Oracle Database 10.2, any users with the connect role will cease to have all privileges other than the create session privilege After upgrading to Oracle Database 11g from release 9.2 or release 10.1, the connect... Choosing the Oracle Base Location The Oracle base directory is the top-level directory for installing Oracle software, and the OFArecommended path for this directory is /mount_point/app/ For example, a typical Oracle base directory path is /u01/app /oracle, where oracle is the Oracle software owner The Oracle base is recommended as an environment variable, as in the earlier Oracle versions, . Pro Oracle Spatial 2 nd Edition RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 11g Oracle Database 11g: New Features for DBAs and Developers For Developers For Database. features in Oracle Database 11g and advance to the cutting-edge of Oracle database administration and development. All major features of Oracle Database 11g Release