đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ - -- - khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp giáo trình giảng dạy trực tuyến QJ7S&ĂQ7K7HO)D[ :HEVLWHKWWSZZZFWXHGXYQNQQHPDLOGPLQK#FWXHGXYQYWDQK#FWXHGXYQ Giáo trình dinh dỡng gia súc chơng 3 nớc: chức năng và nhu cầu Chủ biên: PTS. Lu Hữu Mãnh Tham gia biên soạn: Th.S. Nguyễn Nhựt Xuân Dung và PTS Võ Văn Sơn Tháng 1 năm 1999   &KQJ  1mlv&&+mv&1g1*9$s1+8&h|8  1FWKQJNKQJF[SORDLQKODPWGQJFKWPFGXQF FXWDRWFWKFRQYWWUQJWKDQKYDFRNKLFKLPWURQJOQJ WKXVVLQK7X\QKLQWPTXDQWURQJFXDYLFFXQJFS\XYDQFVDFK FKRFRQYWDFTXDQWPUWQKLX1JD\QD\WPTXDQWURQJFXDYLFODP VDFK QF  QKLPPL WUQJ EQJ FDFK FDL WLQFKWOQJ QF YD V SKX WKXFFXDQJXQQFFXQJFSODPWYQWUDWURQJFKQQXL 1FFKLPPWW\OUWTXDQWURQJWURQJFWKJLDVXFYDODWKDQK SKQFEDQFXDFXWDRFWKEDRJPQFFXWDRYDQFVLQKKRDW/QJ QFQ\SKDLO\WEQQJRDLQKQFXQJQFWURQJWKFQYDQFGR WUDRLEQWURQJFWKWDRUD1KLXWFKFFXDFWKFRWKFKDQ QF1JD\QJYWWKX\VLQKQFFXQJNKQJFKODPWFKWWU1JLWD ODP WK QJKLP QK VDX W PW WUQJ FK D WKX WLQK QQJ NKRDQJ YDL PLOLJUDPYDRWURQJQFQJX\QFKWWKYDLQJD\VDXWUQJQUDPWFRQQRIQJ QRFQQJQYDJUDPiHPSKQWFKWK\YWFKWNKFXDQRQJQRFWKQFXD WUQJFKYPWSKQDFVGXQJO\QQJOQJWURQJTXDWUQKVLQK WUQJSKQWURQJOQJJLDWQJODGRQFDFWKXYDRYDWUWKDQKFX WWKLW\XFXDFWK1KDGLQKGQJKRF5XEQHUDTXDQVDWWK\UQJFWK FRWKPWKWPYDWUQSKQQDSURWHLQPDYQVQJFQKQJQXPWL PWSKQPLOQJQFWKFWKVHFKW  ,7q1+&+h79$s&+mv&1g1*&8t$1mlv&   iLYLWWFDVLQKYWQFFRKDLFKFQQJTXDQWURQJODWKDQKSKQFKX \XWURQJYLFWUDRLFXDFWKYDOD\XWFKQKWURQJYLFLXKRDWKQ QKLWFXDFWK+DLFKFQQJTXDQWURQJFXQFFWKKLQQKVDX 1FODPWPLWUQJSKQWDQO\WQJFRNKDQQJKRDWDQYDLRQ KRDFDRJLXSFKRFDFSKDQQJWEDRGWLQKDQKQKDQKFKRQJNKSFWK 1KFRW\QKLWFDRQQQFFRNKDQQJKSWKXQKLWFXDFDFSKDQ QJPDQKLWWQJUWW&DQQRQDQRL1KLWVDQVLQKGRPWES   WKWODPYLFOLQWXFWURQJSKXWUWOQQXOQJQKLWQ\NKQJFUXW LQKDQKFKRQJWKQRFRNKDQQJQXFKQFFQJDOEXPLQQKPWWUQJJD OXFOX1KLWEFKLFXDQFFDRODPFKRWKD\LQKLWFKPODLQKWK WKQQKLWFXDFRQYWFLXKRD &DFWQKFKWYWO\NKDFUWTXDQWURQJFXDQFLYLVLQKO\FXD FRQYWQKVFFQJPWQJRDLFDRKQJVOQJLQYDK\GUDWKRDFDRFXQJ JLXSFKFOFFKRTXDWUQKWLXKRDFKX\QFKYDEDLWKDLFDFFKW 1FODFKWFEDQFXDFDFSKDQQJWUDRLFKWWURQJFWK7URQJ TXDWUQKWLXKRDFDFSKDQQJWKX\JLDLFQFRQFWURQJTXDWUQKQJKRD QKLXSKDQQJWQJKSFXQJFQFRQF 1FODYWQWURQJSKQOQFTXDQQKWURQJGFKNKSODPWUQ NKS[QJJLDPOFWDFQJJLDPOFPDVDWWURQJGFKQDRWX\ODPYWP FKRQDREYDWX\VQJWDLWURQJJLXSFKRVWUX\QPPWJLXSWUX\QDQK VDQJPDQJERFWKDLJLFKRWKDLFPD1FFRQODWKDQKSKQFQEQJ FDFFKWLQJLDLWURQJFWK9QKQJWQKFKWFELWYDTXDQWURQJPD QJLWDFKRUQJQFODGQJFKWWKLW\XTXDQWURQJEFQKW ,,1*8k|11mlv&&81*&h3&+2&l7+j} &R  QJXQ QFFKQKFKRFWKQFXQJQFWURQJWKFQYD QFGRWUDRLFKWELQGQJ  1FXQJYDQFWURQJWKFQ 1FOXQOXQFRVQWURQJWKFQJLDVXFWKD\LWGLWKFQWLQK FKRQWUQWKFQFXTXD1JRDLQFWLSWKXWWKFQJLDVXFFRQ WLXWKXKDQJQJD\PWOQJQFXQJUWOQ  1FELHQGQJ 6ELQGQJKD\VR[LGKRDQF 1FGRWUDRLFKWVLQKFKX\XWFDFSKDQQJR[LGKRDFDFGQJ FKWYDPWWWWQJKSSURWHLQNKQF 9GXSKDQQJR[LGKRDJOXFRVH &  +  2  Г2  →&2  Г+  2 7SKDQQJWUQFKRWK\JOXFRVHER[LGKRDVDQVLQKUDWURQJ OQJ FXD QR OD QF 6 OQJ QF SKQ WUP VLQK UD Q\ F [HP QK FKXQJ FKR WW FD JOXFLG 1F FRQ VLQK UDGRTXD WUQKGR WUDR L FKW FXD SURWHLQODYDFXDOLSLWODWUQ   6RVDQKFDUERK\GUDWHSURWHLQYDOLSLGYQFELQGQJYDQKLWQQJ ELQGQJ YL QKLWQQJELQGQJWDWK\R[LGKRDJOXFLGODFRKLXTXD QKW    1KLWQQJ ELQGQJ .FDO 1F ELQGQJ J +  2ELQGQJ.FDO QKLWQQJELQGQJ J JFDUERK\GUDW    [   JSURWHLQ    [   JOLSLG    [   1KY\FDUERK\GUDWODQJXQFKX\XWDRUDQQJOQJYDQFELQ GQJ7URQJTXDWUQKWQJKSSURWHLQNKLFDFDFLGDPLQQLQKDXKQKWKDQK FKXLSRO\SHSWLGDVDQVLQKUDFDFSKQWQF 1FELQGQJLNKLFXQJTXDQWURQJWURQJYDLWUQJKSVLQKO\ FELW7KGXFDFFRQYWQJXPXDQJQFELQGQJODQJXQQF GX\QKWQFQD\VLQKUDWVR[LWKRDFDFJOXFLGYDPGWUXFQEQJ YLOQJQFWKD\UDTXDQJKKSYDEFKL7QKKXQJQ\NKDFELW YLQLNKKDQQKVDPDFQFWKRDWUDGRKKSYDEFKLTXDQKLXVR YL QFELQ GQJ VLQK UD 6FKPLGW1LHOVRQ D WQKUQJNKLFRQODFDJLD WQJKKSWKFQR[LGKRDNJPYDVHFRNJQFVLQKUDWURQJNKLR WKPWLNJQFQKY\VHNKQJFROQJQFWKXQVDQVLQKUDGL LXNLQQKY\1FELQGQJFKFKLPWQJOQJQFWLSWKX FXDJLDVXFYDWKD\LWKHRPFELQGQJ ,,,1mlv&%$s,7+$t, 1FFEDLWKDLTXDKLWKPKLSKQQFWLX 1FWURQJSKQ D/QJQFWKDLUDWURQJSKQWX\WKXFKQKWKFFXDWKFQ/QJQF Q\WQJNKLWKFQODWKFQWKYDORDLWKFQFRWQKQKXQWURQJ1RL FKXQJNKLVOQJWKFQNKQJWLXKRDFDQJOQWKOQJQFWKDLUDWURQJ SKQFDQJQKLX   E /QJ QF WKDLUDWURQJSKQFRQWX\WKXFYDRORDLJLDVXF7KGXSKQ SKQERWKQJFKDQFFRQSKQFXODLNKKQSKQERWURQJFXQJ PWNKXSKQ3KQWUXODLORQJKQSKQERSKQYWORQJKQSKQJD 1FWURQJFDFGFKWLXKRDYDRUXWUWOQOQKQFDOQJQF FXDPDXQKQJQFWURQJSKQWKQJUWQKRYSKQOQQFWURQJFDFGFK WLXKRDXFKSWKXWUODL&DQJJLDWQJPFFKWNKQYDRWKWO QFPWLFDQJFDR 1FWURQJQFWLX 1FWKDLUDWURQJQFWLXUWWKD\LYDWX\WKXFQKLX\XW7KQ YLQKLPYXLXWLWWKWFKYDWKDQKSKQWKGFKEDLWKDLQFQKLXKD\W WX\WKXFYDR  /QJQFYDRWFDFKWKQJNKDFDQWKQYDOQJQFW WKQLUD  6OQJ FDFVDQ SKPG KRD QKPXLNKRDQJ YD QKQJFKWGR WUDRL QL VLQK QKXUYQFJLYDLWURGXQJPLKRDWDQFDF FKWQD\ 'RNKDQQJORFYDWDLKSWKXQFWKFKLQQKSQKDQJWKQFRWK KDQFKOQJQFPWLRQPFWKSQKW 7KQJWKQJOQJSURWHLQYDNKRDQJFXDWKFQFDQJFDRWKOQJ QFWURQJQFWLXFDQJOQYDQKXFXQFGRRFXQJJLDWQJ0WO\GR FXDKLQWQJQD\ODQFGRWUDRLFKWFXDSURWHLQWKSKQFXDJOXFLGYD OLSLW 1FFXDQFWLXFXQJWKD\LWKHRORDLQJYWGRVNKDFELWY VDQSKPFXLFXQJFXDVGKRDFKWDPlORDLKXQKXVDQSKPGKRD FKWDPODXU8UUWFFKRFRQYWYDODLUWGWDQYWKFQFROQJQF QKLXODPORDQJYDWKDLQRUDNKRLWFKFltORDLFKLPVDQSKPGKRDFKW DPODD[LWXULFFWKDLUDGLGDQJKXQKF9DODLGKRDDPWKDQK D[LGXULFVDQVLQKQKLXQFELQGQJKQODGKRDWKDQKXU9WKWURQJ FXQJLXNLQQJRDJLLJLDFPRLKRLQFWKQVRYLJLDVXFKXQKX QKQRLVQJFOXKQODQKQNKDWYDQKWODQXQWKFQQKLXSURWHLQ PDQKQNKDWWKODLFDQJPDXFKWYXUWFKWXFDQJQKLXNKQJWKDLF QD*LDFPUQYDFQWUXQJFKXQJWQKWUDQJQD\JLRLKQ 1FWURQJKLWK   +LWKUDFRKLQFEDRKRDGRRQFEPWLVOQJQFPW FDQJWQJWKPNKLFRQYWYQQJKRFYPWO\GRQDRRODPFRQYWWQJ QKSWK 1FWURQJPKL 1FFRQEWKDLUDTXDGDGRFDFWUX\QPKL1FWURQJPKLFR WDFGXQJEFKLODPKDQKLWFWK/QJQFPWLWURQJPKLWQJ OQNKLFRQYWYQQJKRFWURQJPLWUQJQRQJ 1FEDWKDLWURQJKLWKYDPKLWQJOQNKLQKLWPWQJ YDFRQWX\WKXFORDLWKFQYDFDVOQJQFXQJYDR.KLOQJWKFQ YDQFXQJNKQJDQJNWKOQJQFPWLTXDKLWKPKLYDSKQ FKLPPWVOQJFDRVRYLOQJQFWKDLUDWURQJQFWLX /DFDFKXFNKDWWURQJKDQKWUQKGDLWUQVDPDFODQKFRFDF\X WWLWFKQKXFXQFQK  gQWRDQWKFQFDUERK\GUDWHGRRWVDQVLQKXU  /QJGD\ODJLDPWKRDWKLQFTXDGD  3KQNK 1RLFKXQJWKWWFDFDFORDLJLDVXFYDJLDFPOQJQFXQJW\O WKXQYLOQJFKWNKFXDWKFQ1KQRLWKFXQJWXQJQF ,9$t1++mlt1*&8t$6m7+,j81mlv&9$s1+8&h|81mlv& $tQKKQJFXDVWKLXQF &DFORDL JLD VXF X NKDF ELW QKDX Y NKD QQJ G WU QF YDFKX QJLXNLQWKLXQF $GROSKFKRELWWQKWUDQJVLQKO\FXDPWQJLEWKLXQF PWQLNKYDQRQJQKVDX 7UFKWODNKDWQFNKLQFPWLOLWKWUDQJWKFRGX KLXEFEL YD PW Q /QJ QFPWOQQWKEQKF XL NKQJYQJODFJLRQJNKRWKYDWDL[DQKiQWKPWWKXWGDQKQ ODLPLQJNKQJQXWFYDQJWL1FWURQJPDXJLDPLGRRQKW WQJYDFKD\FKPODLWLPSQKDQKOQ.KLWLPNKQJFRQXVFDSQKDQK \PDXFKD\FKRQKLWWKRDWWEQWURQJUDWKWKQQKLWWQJFDRQPFFR WKFKWltPLWUQJQRQJPWQFWKQJLVHFKW .KD QQJ FKX QJWQKWUDQJPWQFFXDODFDFDRKQFDFORDLJLDVXFNKDFYDQJL 1KXFXQF   &WKFQSKDLWLSWKX\XQFEXSOQJQFPWLFQJ YLOQJQFFQWKDQKOSWFKFPLYDWDRVDQSKP1KQJQKD FSWUQQKXFXQFWKD\LUWQKLX\XWOXQELQQJLXNKLQ OQJQFEDLWKDL'RRYLFOSQKXFXQFFKRJLDVXFJLDFPFRNKR NKQYDQKQJVOLXWPFFKFRJLDWUWQJL'XVDRQKXFXQF FXDJLDVXFFXQJNKQJTXDNKWNKHFRQYWXQJTXDQKLXQFFXQJNKQJ FRDQKKQJJWDLKDLOP 1KXFXEQKTXQQFKQJQJD\FXDJLDVXFYXQJQLEDQJ %DQJQKXFXQFEQKTXQFXDJLDVXFYXQJQL  *LDVXF 1KXFXQFOWQJD\ %RVDDQJFKRVD %RVDGX\WU %RFDLWKWDQJFKRVD 1JDODPYLFEQKWKQJ 1JDDQJFKRVD +HRQDLQXLFRQ +HRWKWNJ +HRQDLWKWNJ &XFDLDQJQXLFRQ &XWKWYEHR *DPDLH            1FXQJ  1JXQQFPWYDQF JLQJ /QJNKRDQJFQWKLWFKRJLDVXFNKQJDQJ N iPQPJOW 1KQJLWQJRWVDQJWQJWJLDVXFFRWK EWLXFKD\  4  44  *DNKQJFKX  4  44  %R WKW FX QJD KHR EDQ X NKQJ XQJ QKQJVDXWKFKQJKLYDVDQ[XWEQKWKQJ  4  44  %RJLDQJDGFXJLDFKXF9WQRQYD PDQJWKDLNKQJFKXQL+HRFKXNHPQKW    &KWOQJQF  1RLFKXQJQFDQWRDQFKRQJLWLXWKXFRWKVGXQJFFKRJLD VXF7X\QKLQJLDVXFFKXPQFDRKQQJLYDVFKXLQJFDFFKWNKDF FXQJNKDFKQVRYLQJL &KWOQJQFDQKKQJVWLXWKXFDFWKFQQXFKWOQJQF JLDPVWLXWKXQFJLDPNHRWKHRVWLXWKXWKFQJLDPYDFRQYWEJLDP QQJVXW1FPQODPJDPNKDQQJWLXWKXQF1XWLXWKXQKLXQF PPFRQYWVHEQJF&RQKQJFKWJ\FPDNKQJDQKKQJWQK QJRQPLQJQKQLWUDWHIORXULQHFXQJQKPXLFXDFDFNLPORDLQQJ&RFDF FKWKXFFROHDQKKQKOQVXQJRQPLQJFXDFRQYWNKLXQJQFKRF J\QJFWKGXFDFPPYLVLQKYWJ\EQKUWSKELQWURQJQFWDR SURWR]RD K\GUR[\FDUERQ FDF FKWFRGXFDFORDLWKXFVDWWUXQJYDFDFFKW WKDLFXDFQJQJKLSODPQKLPQJXQQFFXQJFS iL YL FDF WKDQKSKQPXLNKRDQJWURQJQFFRNKX\QKKQJFR PWYLVOQJFDRQKOD&D0J1D$O.FXDFDFFDUERQDWHVXOSKDWHYD FKORULGH 3KQOQJLDVXFFRWKFKXQJQQJFXDWQJVFKWUQKRDWDQ 7'6WRWDOGLVVROYHVROLGWURQJQFWPJOQKQJQQJVXW FRNKX\QKKQJJLDPQQJFKWUQQ\ 1FF[HPODFRFKWOQJWWNKL7'6WKQPJ7KHR15& QFFKDWKQPJO7'6F[HPODDQWRDQFKREWN\JLDVXFQDRYD FKRJLDFP1FFR7'6WPJOODDQWRDQFKRFRQYWQKQJ PWVFRQEWLXFKD\QXNKQJTXHQ1QJWPJOFRQYWL SKQORQJJLDWQJWOFKWJLDFP*LDWQJQPJOFDFJLDVXFYQ FRWKFKXFQJRDLWUJLDFP7'6JLDWQJWUQPJOWKNKQJQQ FXQJFSFKRKHRYDJDFXQJQKERQJDFXFKDYDDQJFKRVDYDFKRWKX QRQ.KLQQJ76'WUQPJOWFODWKNKQJQQFKREWN\FRQ YWQDRXQJ  &KWFWURQJQF  9LQ KDQ OP NKRD KRF 0\ D UD PF  JLL KDQ WL D FDF FKW NKRDQJWURQJQFPJO   $V    +J   &G    1L   &U    12     &R    12    &X    9D    )    =Q   3E     . dinh dỡng gia súc chơng 3 nớc: chức năng và nhu cầu Chủ biên: PTS. Lu Hữu Mãnh Tham gia biên soạn: Th.S. Nguyễn Nhựt Xuân Dung và PTS Võ Văn Sơn Tháng 1 năm