Vinh university Department of foreign languages =====    ===== ®Æng h÷u phíc Reiteration as a Cohesive Device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press (phÐp lÆp lµm ph¬ng tiÖn liªn kÕt trong tin v¾n vÒ chiÕn tranh I-r¾c trªn b¸o chÝ tiÕng anh) graduation thesis Field: English linguistics Vinh 2006 Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press 2 Vinh university Department of foreign language =====    ===== Graduation thesis Reiteration as a Cohesive Device in News-in-brief on Iraq war in English press (phÐp lÆp lµm ph¬ng tiÖn liªn kÕt trong tin v¾n vÒ chiÕn tranh I-r¾c trªn b¸o chÝ tiÕng anh) Field: English linguistics By: §Æng H÷u Phíc, 43A1 Supervisor: TrÇn B¸ TiÕn M.A. Vinh 2006 Acknowledgement First of all, I should like to express my greatest gratitude to M.A. Tran Ba Tien, my supervisor, who has given me precious advice, valuable materials and enormously essential corrections for the accomplishment of the thesis. I am also grateful to foreign experts and my teachers in the Department of Foreign Languages for their helpful suggestions and encouragement during the time my job has been being carried out Finally, my profound thanks go to my loved family and my good friends whose love, care and help have given me essential energy and determination without which this thesis would have been impossibly completed. Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press i Abbreviations etc. : et cetra e.g. : For example i.e. : That is to say vs. : versus ibid. : in the same reference/in the same place SBFK : synonyms based on factual knowledge SBLK : synonyms based on linguistic knowledge RWIR : reiterations with identical reference RWNR : reiterations with non-identical reference Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press ii Table of content Page Acknowledgement .i Abbreviations ii Part A: Introduction 1 1. Rationale of the study 1 2. Aims of the study .2 3. Scope of the study 2 4. Methods of the study 3 5. Design of the study .3 Part B: Development .4 Chapter 1: Theoretical background 4 1.1. Theory of Discourse .4 1.1.1. Concept of discourse 4 1.1.2. Text and discourse 4 1.1.3. Spoken discourse and written discourse .5 1.1.4. Discourse context .7 1.1.4.1. Context of situation 7 1.1.4.2. Context versus co-text 8 1.1.5. Discourse structure and information structure .8 1.1.5.1. Theme and Rheme .8 1.1.5.2. ‘Given – New’ information 9 1.1.6. Sense relation .10 1.2. Cohesion .10 1.2.1. Concept of cohesion .10 1.2.2. Cohesion and coherence .11 1.2.3. Types of cohesive device 12 1.3. Lexical cohesion .12 1.3.1. Concept of lexical cohesion .12 1.3.2. Types of lexical cohesion .13 Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press iii 1.4. Reiteration 13 1.4.1. Concept of reiteration 13 1.4.2. Types of reiteration .14 1.4.3. Reiteration and reference .14 1.4.3.1. Reference 15 1.4.3.2. Reiteration with and without identical reference 16 Chapter 2: Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press . 2.1. General structure of news stories in English press 19 2.2. General information of selected materials .20 2.3. Reiteration in separate parts of news-in-brief texts .20 2.3.1. Headline 20 2.3.2. Lead .21 2.3.3. Body .23 2.4. Reiteration as seen in types 25 2.4.1. Repetition .25 2.4.2. Synonyms and near synonyms .28 2.4.3. Superordinates and General words .31 2.4.3.1. Superordinates 32 2.4.3.2. General words .34 2.5. Reiteration with and without identical reference .37 Part C: Conclusion .40 1. Review of major findings .40 2. Application .41 3. Suggestions for further works 44 References Appendix Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press iv Acknowledgement First of all, I should like to express my greatest gratitude to M.A. Tran Ba Tien, my supervisor, who has given me precious advice, valuable materials and enormously essential corrections for the accomplishment of the thesis. I am also grateful to foreign experts and my teachers in the Department of Foreign Languages for their helpful suggestions and encouragement during the time my job has been being carried out Finally, my profound thanks go to my loved family and my good friends whose love, care and help have given me essential energy and determination without which this thesis would have been impossibly completed. Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press v Abbreviations etc. : et cetra e.g. : For example i.e. : That is to say vs. : versus ibid. : in the same reference/in the same place SBFK : synonyms based on factual knowledge SBLK : synonyms based on linguistic knowledge RWIR : reiterations with identical reference RWNR : reiterations with non-identical reference Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press ii Table of content Page Acknowledgement .i Abbreviations ii Part A: Introduction 1 6. Rationale of the study 1 7. Aims of the study .2 8. Scope of the study 2 9. Methods of the study 3 10. Design of the study .3 Part B: Development .4 Chapter 1: Theoretical background 4 1.5. Theory of Discourse .4 1.1.7. Concept of discourse 4 1.1.8. Text and discourse 4 1.1.9. Spoken discourse and written discourse .5 1.1.10. Discourse context .7 1.1.10.1. Context of situation 7 1.1.10.2. Context versus co-text 8 1.1.11. Discourse structure and information structure .8 1.1.11.1. Theme and Rheme .8 1.1.11.2. ‘Given – New’ information 9 1.1.12. Sense relation 10 1.6. Cohesion .10 1.6.1. Concept of cohesion .10 1.6.2. Cohesion and coherence .11 1.6.3. Types of cohesive device 12 1.7. Lexical cohesion .12 1.7.1. Concept of lexical cohesion .12 Reiteration as a cohesive device in news-in-brief on Iraq war in English press iii