FREE Palm OS Version of Book FREE Downloadable HTML FREE MP3 Audio Files Benoit Durand, CCIE #5754 Jerry Sommerville, CCIE #1293 Mark Buchmann, CCIE #3556 Ron Fuller, CCIE #5851 WIN A PALM Vx ! DETAILS ON BACK CISCO QoS ADMINISTERING “This book provides comprehensive, in-depth explanations and configurations necessary to implement QoS in today's advanced, multiservice Cisco networks.” —Ralph Troupe, President and CEO, Callisma IP NETWORKS ® IN TECHNICAL EDITOR: Michael E. Flannagan, CCNA, CCDA With over 1,500,000 copies of our MCSE, MCSD, CompTIA, and Cisco study guides in print, we have come to know many of you personally. By listening, we've learned what you like and dislike about typical computer books. The most requested item has been for a web-based service that keeps you current on the topic of the book and related technologies. 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Thank you for giving us the opportunity to serve you. solutions@syngress.com 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page 1 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page 2 ADMINISTERING CISCO Q O S FOR IP NETWORKS 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page 3 Syngress Publishing, Inc., the author(s), and any person or firm involved in the writing, editing, or production (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to be obtained from the Work. There is no guarantee of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the Work or its contents. The Work is sold AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY. You may have other legal rights, which vary from state to state. In no event will Makers be liable to you for damages, including any loss of profits, lost savings, or other inci- dental or consequential damages arising out from the Work or its contents. 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KEY SERIAL NUMBER 001 ALKJD48753 002 LERQAR9T83 003 ERQ395E932 004 45BHSKERF3 005 SLDFAPW93V 006 LWE432532R 007 36FCBFGK454 008 NVCW5DGK43 009 FJA495G8N3 010 4U34BRA395 PUBLISHED BY Syngress Publishing, Inc. 800 Hingham Street Rockland, MA 02370 Administering Cisco QoS for IP Networks Copyright © 2001 by Syngress Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or dis- tributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written per- mission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ISBN: 1-928994-21-0 Co-Publisher: Richard Kristof Freelance Editorial Manager: Maribeth Corona-Evans Technical edit by: Michael E. Flannagan Index by: Robert A. Saigh Technical Review by: Mark Buchmann Copy edit by: Beth Roberts and Juli Smith Acquisitions Editor: Catherine B. Nolan Page Layout and Art by: Shannon Tozier Distributed by Publishers Group West 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page 4 v Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support in making this book possible. Richard Kristof, Duncan Anderson, David Marini, Jennifer Gould, Kevin Murray, Dale Leatherwood, Laura Cervoni, and Rhonda Harmon of Global Knowledge, for their generous access to the IT industry’s best courses, instructors, and training facilities. Ralph Troupe, Rhonda St. John, Emlyn Rhodes, and the team at Callisma for their invaluable insight into the challenges of designing, deploying and supporting world- class enterprise networks. Karen Cross, Lance Tilford, Meaghan Cunningham, Kim Wylie, Harry Kirchner, Bill Richter, Kevin Votel, Brittin Clark, and Sarah MacLachlan of Publishers Group West for sharing their incredible marketing experience and expertise. Mary Ging, Caroline Hird, Simon Beale, Caroline Wheeler,Victoria Fuller, Jonathan Bunkell, and Klaus Beran of Harcourt International for making certain that our vision remains worldwide in scope. Anneke Baeten, Annabel Dent, and Laurie Giles of Harcourt Australia for all their help. David Buckland,Wendi Wong, Daniel Loh, Marie Chieng, Lucy Chong, Leslie Lim, Audrey Gan, and Joseph Chan of Transquest Publishers for the enthusiasm with which they receive our books. Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support. Ethan Atkin at Cranbury International for his help in expanding the Syngress program. Joe Pisco, Helen Moyer, and the great folks at InterCity Press for all their help. v 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page v vi From Michael E. Flannagan, Technical Editor A world of thanks to the Cisco RTP Routing Protocols Team for an unbelievable amount of knowledge, experience, assistance, and fun…you guys are the best! Thanks to Matt Carling (Cisco Systems, Australia) for his assistance with our MPLS chapter. Special thanks to Shannon Brown (Cisco Systems,TAC) for her knowledge and especially her patience back in the days when I could hardly spell “router.” And, of course, I’ll be disowned if I don’t say…Hi mom! 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page vi vii From Global Knowledge At Global Knowledge we strive to support the multiplicity of learning styles required by our students to achieve success as technical professionals. As the world's largest IT training company, Global Knowledge is uniquely positioned to offer these books.The expertise gained each year from providing instructor-led training to hundreds of thousands of students world-wide has been captured in book form to enhance your learning experience.We hope that the quality of these books demonstrates our commitment to your lifelong learning success. Whether you choose to learn through the written word, computer based training, Web delivery, or instructor-led training, Global Knowledge is committed to pro- viding you with the very best in each of these categories. For those of you who know Global Knowledge, or those of you who have just found us for the first time, our goal is to be your lifelong competency partner. Thank your for the opportunity to serve you.We look forward to serving your needs again in the future. Warmest regards, Duncan Anderson President and Chief Executive Officer, Global Knowledge 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page vii Michael E. Flannagan (CCNA, CCDA) is a Network Consulting Engineer in the Network Supported Accounts (NSA) Group at Cisco Systems and is a team lead for the MPLS/QoS Virtual Team. His experi- ence includes extensive work with Routing Protocol and Quality of Service support for customer networks. Prior to joining Cisco Systems, he worked as an enterprise network architect and as a consultant specializing in Quality of Service. Mike’s Quality of Service testing and research was used to recommend the implementation of various QoS mechanisms for one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies and he has partici- pated in large-scale QoS designs for several major US companies. In addi- tion to holding various certifications from Cisco, 3Com, and Nortel Networks, Mike has passed both the CCIE Routing/Switching and the CCIE Design written exams and is currently preparing for his CCIE Lab exams. He lives in Morrisville, NC. Technical Reviewer Mark Buchmann (CCIE#3556, CCSI) is a Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert and has been a Certified Cisco Systems Instructor since 1995. He is the owner of MAB Enterprises, Inc., a com- pany providing consulting, network support, training, and various other services. Mark is also a co-owner of www.CertaNet.com, a company pro- viding on-line certification assistance for a variety of network career paths including all the various Cisco certifications. Mark is Series Editor for Syngress Media’s Cisco Certification Study Guides. In his free time he enjoys spending time with his family and boating. He currently lives in Raleigh, NC. viii Technical Editor 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page viii ix Contributors Benoit Durand (CCIE #5754, CCNA, CCDA, CCNP, CCDP) is the Midwest Region Network Engineer for Tivoli Systems (www.tivoli.com) located in Indianapolis, IN. Ben designs and integrates high-end network solutions for Tivoli’s worldwide operations while maintaining his own Cisco-powered network in Indianapolis. He has over 10 years of net- working engineering experience in a wide range of environments. Prior to working at Tivoli, Ben worked on many high-profile military projects for the Canadian Air Force, deploying wide-area network solutions to peacekeeping forces in Kuwait,Yugoslavia, and other international loca- tions. His latest projects involve Voice-over-ATM,Virtual Private Network solutions, and Wide-Area Network switching. Ben lives with his wife Dr. Christy Snider in Kingston, GA. Ron Fuller (CCIE #5851, CCNP-ATM, CCNP-Voice, CCNP-Security, CCDP, MCNE) is a Senior Systems Engineer with 3X Corporation. He currently provides network design and implementation services to 3X Corporation clients in the Eastern United States. His specialties include Cisco LAN/WAN design, security consultation, and Novell network design. He has held senior engineer positions for two other network con- sulting companies in the past nine years. Ron also contributed to Syngress’ Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (1-928994-13-X). He currently resides in Sunbury, OH with his wife, Julie, and his yet-to-be-born baby. Jerry Sommerville (CCIE #1293) is a Senior Consultant for Callisma. His background includes network management, system management, system integration, network support and planning, user training, proce- dure automation, and program analysis. Jerry holds a Master of Science in Computer Aided Design & Computer Aided Manufacturing from Eastern Michigan University and a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology and Engineering from Texas A & M University. 110_QoS_FM 2/13/01 4:42 PM Page ix [...]... xi Jeff Corcoran (CCNA, MCSE, CNE) is a Senior Network Consultant for Siemens Enterprise Networks, Inc where he is a network planner in the Ford Motor Company Advanced Network Technologies group He is responsible for global network planning and testing of emerging network technologies and their application to the Ford Intranet He has a special focus on VoIP, QoS, high availability architectures, and... things to consider before deploying NAT, but armed with the proper information, you will be able to make the best design decisions IP Address Classes and Classful IP Routing Much like a street address within a city, the TCP /IP address defines the location of a participating node within the network Each node in a TCP /IP network must possess an address to be able to participate within the network As with street... Using Cisco Express Forwarding Unequal Cost Load Balancing Configuring Loopback Interfaces Integrating MPLS and Virtual Private Networking (VPN) VPN Scalability Reducing the Load on Network Cores Summary FAQs Index 448 448 449 449 458 458 460 463 470 470 471 472 473 473 474 474 475 476 477 478 493 493 493 494 497 110_QoS_Frwd 2/14/01 8:53 AM Page xxiii Foreword Administering Cisco QoS in IP Networks... reserved for loopback and is not a valid range for networks A Class A address uses the first 8 bits to define the network Class B addresses use the first 16 bits, and a Class C address uses the first 24 bits to define the network (See Figure 1.1) Figure 1.1 IP Address Octet Representation 1st Octet Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E 2nd Octet Network ID 3rd Octet 4th Octet Host ID Network ID Host ID Network. .. a Senior Network Design Engineer at Interactive Business Systems, Inc in the Enterprise Networking Group (www.ibsentg.com) He designs, troubleshoots, and implements large-scale LAN and WAN networks based primarily on Cisco Systems and Nortel Networks platforms James previously contributed to the Syngress CCNP Support Study Guide for Exam 640-506 and has over 14 years of experience in the networking... computer viruses in a network environment and browser security He lives in McKinney,TX Paul Salas (CCNA, MCT, MCSE, Network+ ) is a Senior Network Engineer for Fleet Mortgage Corporation Paul designs and manages Fleet’s internetwork infrastructure, which consists of a wide variety of networking equipment from an assortment of vendors He currently is involved in implementing a high-end Web network solution... 192.168.8.0/22 Networks that use VLSM or CIDR are often referred to as “slash x” networks.The number after the slash represents the number of bits that are masked, a topic discussed later in this chapter Different class networks require different numbers of bits for the network or host portion, and each network class provides different numbers of hosts as well as networks.The Class A address range provides 126 networks... University and lives in Dallas,TX xii 110_QoS_ToC 2/14/01 9:07 AM Page xiii Contents Foreword Chapter 1 Cisco IOS Feature Review Introduction IP Address Classes and Classful IP Routing Classes A, B, and C Class D Addresses (Multicast) RIPv1 and IGRP RIPv1 IGRP Variable-Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) Review Why Do We Need VLSM? Common Uses for Subnetting Standard Access Control Lists (ACLs) Filtering Traffic Configuration... addressing is that it supports Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) InVLSM, the subnet mask is manipulated so as to provide either more hosts or more networks for your network Classless addressing gives you more flexibility to conform your network s addressing scheme to the logical or physical layout of your network. We discuss this further in the VLSM portion of this chapter Classes A, B, and C As mentioned,... 16,777,216 hosts per network. The Class A address, or /8, scheme is best used in a network where a large number of hosts and a small number of networks are required.The www.syngress.com 7 110_QoS_01 8 2/13/01 6:34 PM Page 8 Chapter 1 • Cisco IOS Feature Review Class B address scheme gives a total of 65,384 networks and hosts per network The Class C address scheme gives a total of 16,777,216 networks, which . CNE) is a Senior Network Consultant for Siemens Enterprise Networks, Inc. where he is a network planner in the Ford Motor Company Advanced Network Technologies. assistance for a variety of network career paths including all the various Cisco certifications. Mark is Series Editor for Syngress Media’s Cisco Certification